...PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ON STRATEGIC ORIENTATION OF A ENTREPRISE Mohammad N. Shahidi, KIMEP, Almaty, Kazakhstan ABSTRCT The impact of product life cycle (PLC) on strategic orientation (SO) in dynamic environment, which is a subject that has interested strategic management scholars, is the focus of this proposal. The literature reviewed shows that despite the worldwide research on strategic management, there is still not a single definition for such a term. As a result, a wide range of conceptual frameworks exists for the formulation and implementation of strategies. There is no consensus on the factors among the scholars that affect strategic orientation of a enterprise. The consideration is mostly towards market/costumer satisfaction, technology, competition, with the enterprise’s capabilities affecting the most. Some of the scholars emphasize management issues and strategic thinking. Others such as Porter, focus on typology and resource bases. However, few scholars focus on the impact of product life cycle on strategic orientation. The attempt in this paper is to show that not only does the PLC orient strategy of an enterprise faster and straight forward than any other factors, but it also takes all other factors into account. The main question is “how product life cycle affects the strategic orientation of a enterprise”. This study began by defining strategic orientation, product life cycle, and their analysis. The study is focused on how the product life cycle has...
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...The International Journal of Organizational Analysis 1997, Vol. 5, No. 2 (April), pp. 156-179 GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS Suresh Gopalan Joan B. Rivera West Texas A&M University India's emergence in the international business arena presents challenges to Western-trained expatriate managers assigned there. These expatriates are familiar with management theories and practices based on value orientations very different from those in India. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientations Framework is used to provide an overview of the different types of cultural values an expatriate manager will confront in Indian society. The impact of Indian values on various management practices, including team composition, leadership, motivation, and human resource management functions is also discussed It is hoped that this examination of the dominant value orientations of Indian employees will facilitate the successful transfer of Western expatriates to India. Over the last two decades, the Pacific Rim countries of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and Southeast Asian countries of Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore have achieved tremendous economic success (Adler, 1994; Foster, 1995). A relative newcomer to this group of countries is India, which is emerging as an industrial power to be reckoned with. As a consequence of the free market reforms and economic liberalization programs pursued by the Narasimha Rao administration...
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...The International Journal of Organizational Analysis GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS Suresh Gopalan Joan B. Rivera Article information: Downloaded by UNIVERSITY OF EXETER At 06:38 24 October 2015 (PT) To cite this document: Suresh Gopalan Joan B. Rivera, (1997),"GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS", The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 5 Iss 2 pp. 156 - 179 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028866 Downloaded on: 24 October 2015, At: 06:38 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1038 times since 2006* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Saikat Banerjee, (2008),"Dimensions of Indian culture, core cultural values and marketing implications: An analysis", Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15 Iss 4 pp. 367-378 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600810914157 Colin M. Fisher, Raj Shirolé, Ashutosh P. Bhupatkar, (2001),"Ethical stances in Indian management culture", Personnel Review, Vol. 30 Iss 6 pp. 694-711 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005981 Nitish Singh, Hongxin Zhao, Xiaorui Hu, (2005),"Analyzing the cultural content of web sites: A crossnational comparision of China, India, Japan, and US", International Marketing Review...
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...Introduction Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Cultural differences between countries affect individual personality and behaviour and organizational culture (Hofstede 1984, 1991; Karpatschof, 1984; Thanasankit, 1999). Each country has its own ways of expressing feelings, showing emotions, solving problems, and constructing its society. 1. What is a primary research question? A research question is the fundamental core of a research project, study or review of literature. It focuses the study, determines the methodology and guides all stages of inquiry, analysis, and reporting. A primary question is the one driving thought behind a research project. It should represent the entire reason for the study. Primary questions are important because how well a researcher meets the goals of the primary question will often be the criteria by which the research will be evaluated. The primary question should be a carefully worded phrase that states exactly the focus of the study. Under the case being study, the primary research question for this case study is:- Does Thai culture have direct influence towards employee involvement in Management? . 2. Frame few research objectives for this study? Research objective are the results sought by the researcher at the end of the research process, i.e. what the researcher will be able to achieve...
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...Running head: GOAL ORIENTATION IN CHINESE WORK DOMAIN Study Goal Orientation in Chinese Society in Work Domain CHEN Yulin (2007937472) The Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong June 30, 2008 Contents Abstract 2 Introduction……………………………… …………………………………………………. 3 Cultural Difference regarding Motivation 5 How to Induce Learning Goal Orientation? 6 A Distinct Pattern in Chinese Society? 8 A Developmental Pattern of Goal Orientation 9 More about Performance Goal Orientation 10 Method 11 Results 13 Discussion 15 Summary and Implication 20 Limitations and Further Research 21 References 23 Appendix A 28 Appendix B 29 Appendix C 30 Appendix D 31 Appendix E 32 Appendix F 33 Abstract The study of goal orientation is usually conducted in Western society. In attempt to extend theories related to goal orientation and Yu’s (1996) study on cultural difference in motivation to Chinese work domain, in this research, 75 working people from Mainland China were invited to complete a set of questionnaires on goal orientation, work climate, task complexity, work experience and marriage status. The relationships among these variables were examined. Contrary to hypotheses, learning goal orientation positively correlated with autonomous work climate but did not correlate significantly with task complexity. Work climate had no effect on participants’ performance approach goal orientation but task complexity was found...
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...JILPT Research Report No.87 Development of Vocational Readiness of Junior and Senior High School Students: Through Analysis of Research on Standardization of Vocational Readiness Test Summary Authors (in the order of writing this report) Akio Tachi Professor, Division of Human Sciences, Seinan Gakuin University Harumi Muroyama Senior Researcher, Occupational Consultation and Employment Support Group, Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training Sadamitsu Kamiichi Associate Professor, Labour College, Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training Chihiro Iwawaki Researcher, Occupational Consultation and Employment Support Group, Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training Tomoko Adachi Lecturer, Department of Arts and Sciences, Osaka Kyoiku University Junhei Matsumoto Research Director, Occupational Consultation and Employment Support Group, Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training Nobue Sasa Principal, Tokyo Metropolitan Minorigaoka High School Tomokazu Sugimori Teacher, Tokyo Metropolitan Katsushika Sogo High School Keiji Honma Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University Participating researchers other than above Miyako Kamei Graduate School of Tokyo Metropolitan University (temporary research collaborator: Jun. 2004 – Sep. 2004) Ryu, Bin Graduate School of the Tokyo Institute of Technology (temporary research collaborator:...
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...[pic][pic] F-2,Block, Amity Campus Sec-125, Nodia (UP) India 201303 ASSIGNMENTS PROGRAM: SEMESTER-I |Subject Name :FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKETING | |MANAGEMENT | |Study COUNTRY :UGANDA | |Permanent Enrollment Number (PEN) :MFC001152010-20120139 | |Roll Number : MFC001152010-20120139 | |Student Name :ADONIA TIBERONDWA | INSTRUCTIONS Students are required to submit all three assignment sets. |ASSIGNMENT |DETAILS |MARKS | |Assignment A |Five Subjective Questions |10 | |Assignment B |Three Subjective Questions + Case Study |10 | |Assignment...
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...1.0 ROLE OF CULTURE It is very crucial for firms and people who are planning to invest or operate a business in a foreign country to understand the host countries’ business customs, value, and ethical behaviors in order to be successful. For instance consider the story of Benjamin Franklin, the great American diplomat, inventor, physic and politician. He was the only person who convinced the French to assist the revolutionaries in their battle for freedom from England. The biographers stated that the success was due to the fact that Franklin was aware of the French’s politics, history, arts, literature, values and norms. (Muller, 1991) From the above scenario, it is crystal clear that rely firms and people that rely on their home culture to compete in a foreign country tend to jeopardize their success due to the cultural variation. This is because culture affects the consumer behaviors, local demand, buying decisions and brand loyalty. So the question is what is culture? Culture is a framework of behavioral patterns, values, assumptions and experience shared by a social group which when taken together constitute a design of living (Davey, 2011) Culture has several characteristics. To begin with, culture is a learned behavior which is non-instinctive in nature; meaning we are not genetically programmed to learn a specific culture. For example any normal baby can be born and placed in any family around the world thus learning the culture and accepting it as its own. In...
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...Introduction to Software Engineering Somnuk Keretho, Assistant Professor Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Email: sk@nontri.ku.ac.th URL: http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~sk Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University Outline of this presentation • • • • • • Scope of Software Engineering Object-Oriented Software Development Software Process Software Life-Cycle Models Object Orientation Software Quality Assessment Reference to Chapter 1/2/3 of “Software Engineering with JAVA”, S.R. Schach, McGraw-Hill, 1997. Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University 2 Scope of Software Engineering • Software engineering is a discipline whose aim is the production of fault-free software, that is delivered on time, within budget, and satisfies the user’s needs. Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University 3 Scope of Software Engineering • Historical Aspects: – 1967, a NATO group coined the term “Software Engineering” – 1968 NATO Software Engineering Conference concurred that “Software production should be an engineering-like activity”. – Using philosophies and paradigms of established engineering disciplines to solve “Software Crisis: that the quality of software was generally unacceptably low and that deadlines and cost limits were not being met”. Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University 4 Scope of Software Engineering • Economic Aspects – Software Engineering v.s. Computer Science • The computer scientist investigates...
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...J. W. Reddin’s 3-Dimensional Management Style Theory. That theory hypothesizes the importance of a manager’s relationship orientation and task orientation in conjunction with effectiveness (Reddin 1967, 8). From the interplay of these dimensions, Reddin proposes a variety of management styles and theorizes that effectiveness as a manager can be explained as a function of matching a leader’s style to a specific situation. However, his theory does not specify whether certain situational characteristics could be unequivocally incorporated into a predictive model (Vecchio 1987, 444). From Reddin’s suggestion that a leader’s effectiveness varies according to style, Hersey and Blanchard proposed a life-cycle theory of leadership. According to this theory, degrees of task orientation and relationship orientation are to be examined in conjunction with the maturity of a follower or group of followers in order to account for leader effectiveness (Hersey and Blanchard 1969, 29). The main principle of the life-cycle theory is that as the level of maturity in a follower increases, effective leader behavior will involve less task orientation as well as less relationship orientation. However, this decline in both orientations is not straightforward. Hersey and Blanchard theorize that a low level of relationship orientation coupled with a high task orientation is ideal in the early stages of an employee’s tenure...
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...Assignment/Project Front Sheet |CIM/CAM Membership | | |Number | | | | |Unit Title |Market Leadership and Planning | | | |Level/Award |Charted Postgraduate Diploma in Marketing | | | |Accredited Study Centre |Strategy | By submitting this assessment I confirm that I understand and abide by the CIM’s plagiarism and collusion regulation. (Optional) I hereby give consent for my assignment/project, if accepted, to be available for CIM use in relation to dissemination of best practice and, or, other appropriate purposes. It is on the understanding...
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...it can be transmitted it into secondary data such as reports, records and statistics for analyzing the tourism sector. The elements of the marketing process are described as “a set of controllable tools that the firm blends to produce the responses it wants in target market, so it consist of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its products” (Kotler and Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, 2004). Therefore, Tobago House of Assembly and the Tobago Hospitality Training Institute can use PESTEL Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces and many other strategic tools to conduct and analyze the tourism sector. It is also important to consider demographics, market environment (macro environment and micro environment), market segmentation and not only focus on hotels and guest-houses. As noted by Henry in the case study 2 “you have to reinvent yourself regularly on a continuous basis”. This is a very important fact in the development of the Product Life Cycle as the products go through different phases from introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. The marketing mix is...
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...an account of events started by an earlier work by Wolcott "Adequate Schools and Inadequate Education; The Life History of a Sneaky Kid." Originally designed to examine the distinctions between schooling and education, using both McMillan’s (2012) criteria and Wolcott’s (1994). The qualitative method used to analyze the participant in the Wolcott work were direct data collection, rich narrative descriptions, process orientation, data analysis, participant perspectives, and social constructive meaning. Wolcott (1994) was able to show trustworthiness through his research by conducting a two years study showing prolonged engagement....
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...Agenda Introduction • Historical background of the company • Mobile communications market players Vision & Mission Organizational Culture • Main characteristics • Main factors affecting corporate culture • Culture levels • Culture levels Leadership Style & Management Profile Organizational Structure Change Management • Main forces • Categories and change intensity • Methodogy Agenda Organizational Image SOWT Analysis •Social Environment PEST Analysis •Task Environment Porter’s Five Forces Analysis •Internal Environment Value Chain Analysis Products & Services •Voice •Data •Smart Net Customer Profiles & Expectations •Consumer •Business Recommendations Prepared By Ahmed Farouk Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Aty Saadeya Nour Adham Adel Osama Abdel Razek Amr Ibrahim Historical background of the company Etisalat is a leading international telecom company operating in 18 countries around the world. Egypt is one of the countries where operation was launched in May 2007 as the first 3.5G operator. Etisalat’s entry to the Egyptian market ushered in a new era for the telecom industry. Etisalat Misr introduced for the first time to the market a host of 3.5G services, such as video calling, mobile TV, mobile broadband internet and data services. In a bolder step, 3.75G was introduced and assumed absolute market leadership in providing the fastest broadband internet in the market through USB modems and 3G mobile handsets. Etisalat’s entry brought to...
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...MARKETING PLANNING – CHAPTER 2 Developing a marketing plan is a key responsibility. The marketing plan can be divided into two general parts: the situation analysis, which analyzes the background of the market for the product, and the objectives, strategy and programs based on the background analysis that direct the product manager’s actions. MARKETING PLAN A marketing plan is a written document containing the guidelines for the business center’s marketing programs and allocations over the planning period. Give life to a marketing plan = business plan (CEO) Marketing plan= Chief Marketing Officer. One-year time framework (mostly). Short states and implements. At the end, check and asses. Kotler (NOT MORE than 15 pages). Straight to the topic, NOT wide. What you need and how to get there. * Written document: not something stored in a product manager’s head. It provides a vehicle for communications between functional areas of the firm. It pinpoints responsibility for achieving results by a specified date. * Business center level: the precise level at which plans are written varies from organization to organization. For example, in a company using a band management organizational structure, a marketing plan is written for each brand that is a profit center. Alternatively, some companies write plans for groups of brands or products, particularly when fixed costs are difficult to allocate by individual product. While marketing planning is common, it occurs at different...
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