...Transformer 3 2.1 A.C or D.C 3 2.2 Need of Transformer 3 2.3 Invention of Transformer 3 2.4 First Commercial Use 3 2.5 Transformer Development Timeline [13] 3 1830s 3 1836 3 1876 3 1878 -1883 3 1881 3 1880-1882 3 1882 - 3 1884 3 1884 3 1885 3 1885 3 1886 3 Later 1880s 3 1889 3 1891 3 1891 3 1880s - Today 3 3 Working of Transformer 3 3.1 Construction 3 3.1.1 Core Construction 3 3.1.2 Winding Arrangements 3 3.2 Working 3 4 Types of Transformer 3 4.1 On the Basis of Construction 3 4.1.1 Core Type Transformer 3 4.1.2 Shell Type Transformer 4 4.2 On the Basis Their Purpose 5 4.2.1 Step up Transformer 5 4.2.2 Step down Transformer 6 On the Basis of Type of Supply 7 References: 8 1 Introduction A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit using inductively coupled conductors. In other words by putting two coils of wire close together while not touching, the magnetic field from the first coil called the primary winding effects the other coil (called the secondary coil). This effect is called "inductance". [12] 1.1 Working Principle Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction of two coils. When current in the primary coil is changed the flux linked to the secondary coil also changes. Consequently an EMF is induced in the secondary coil. [2] 1.1.1 Mutual Inductance The phenomenon in which a changing current in one coils induces current...
Words: 4710 - Pages: 19
...Computer Science and Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science on 2007 by the following students and has been accepted as satisfactory. 1. Mayeen Naomee (ID:-01201076) 2. Md. Ahsanul Alam (ID:-02101084) ___________________ Dr. Sayeed Salam Head of the Department of Computer Science & Engineering BRAC University Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Sayeed Salam, our thesis supervisor for giving us the chance to work with Garments Yarn Inventory System and for proper guidelines and necessary supports. We wish to acknowledge BRAC University for its support in providing the various facilities required for preparing and presenting of this project. We would like to thank our friends for their advices and encouragements. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter: 1 Project Proposal 1.1 Background of the Project 1.2 Aims of the Project 1.3 Benefits 1.4 Special Requirements...
Words: 2948 - Pages: 12
...CONTENTS List of Figures iv List of Symbols 1 Introduction 1 2 Review of Literature 2.1 Linear Induction Motor 2 2.2 Double layer Winding 2.3 Electro-magnetic Bearings 6 3 Work Progress 9 4 Results References 1.0 INTRODUCTION The main idea behind this project is to understand the designing and operation of a Linear Levitating Machine and be able to create a successful prototype using the knowledge that we have acquired. Through this project we want to design and develop a machine which is capable of moving with the help of electromagnetic forces produced by the poles made by the stator windings and is lifted up due to the force generated by electromagnetic bearings. A single sided LIM (linear induction motor), with a short primary on the moving structure and a secondary of aluminium with back iron is being used in our project. An Electromagnetic Bearing is a bearing which is used to support a load without any physical contact. Since they are non-contact bearings, the friction losses are eliminated. Furthermore it avoids wear and tear which is normally associated with ball bearings. The operating speed is also improved. Since it is an active system, the bearings can control the levitation of the machine dynamically while it is in operation. 2.0 LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 Linear Induction Motor – Linear Induction Motor is similar to a rotary poly phase induction motor where the air gap magnetic field in a poly...
Words: 2466 - Pages: 10
...COMPANY LAW CHAPTER I Introduction 1.1. Background of Company Law The 'Company Law' in Bangladesh is provided and governed by The Companies Act 1994. Before independence of Pakistan, the Indian Companies Act 1913 was the main instrument in this sub continent regarding company business, which passed through major amendments, once in 1936 and then in 1938. Since independence of Pakistan in 1947 changes have been introduced into the Act from time to time not major in nature. After independence, Bangladesh took the Companies Act 1913 as the governing document of company business. Later on in 1994 the Government of Bangladesh enacted a new Act i.e., The Companies Act 1994 and this Act produced extensive changes in the Structure of Company Law, which was existed in that time. At present in Bangladesh, The Companies Act 1994 is the parent instrument of Company Law. 1.2. Objects and Purposes of Company Legislation The Company is a form of business institution in which the funds of a large number of investors are managed by a few persons for the purpose of earning profits, which are shared by all the investors. Following are the main objects and purposes of statutes relating to companies. 1) Encourage investments in companies by providing certain facilities, i.e., limitation of liability, transferability of shares etc. 2) Ensure due and proper administration of the funds and assets of companies in the interest of the investing persons. 3)...
Words: 20124 - Pages: 81
...Companies Ordinance, 1984 1 i THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1984 (XLVII OF 1984) ********* CONTENTS ………… PART I - PRELIMINARY Sections Pages 6. Preamble Short title, extent and commencement Definitions Meaning of "subsidiary" and "holding company" Ordinance not to apply to certain corporations Application of Ordinance to non-trading companies with purely provincial objects Ordinance to override memorandum, articles, etc. 7. 8. 9. 10. PART II-JURISDICTION OF COURTS Jurisdiction of the Courts Constitution of Company Benches Procedure of the Court Appeals against Court orders 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 1 1 2 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 PART III-SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN Deleted Powers and functions of the Commission 13 Reference by the Federal Government or Commission to the Court 13 PART IV-INCORPORATION OF COMPANIES AND MATTERS INCIDENTAL THERETO Obligation to register certain associations, partnerships, etc. as companies. MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION Mode of forming a company Memorandum of company limited by shares Memorandum of company limited by guarantee Memorandum of unlimited company Printing, signature, etc., of memorandum Restriction on alteration of memorandum Alteration of memorandum 18 Powers of Commission when confirming alteration 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 Companies Ordinance, 1984 ii 23. 24. 25...
Words: 161453 - Pages: 646
...com/locate/jmatprotec Electromagnetic forming—A review V. Psyk a,∗ , D. Risch a , B.L. Kinsey b , A.E. Tekkaya a , M. Kleiner a a b Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Construction, Technische Universität Dortmund, Baroper-Strasse 301, 44227 Dortmund, Germany University of New Hampshire, Kingsbury Hall, 33 Academic Way, Durham, NH, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Electromagnetic forming is an impulse or high-speed forming technology using pulsed magnetic field to apply Lorentz’ forces to workpieces preferably made of a highly electrically conductive material without mechanical contact and without a working medium. Thus hollow profiles can be compressed or expanded and flat or three-dimensionally preformed sheet metal can be shaped and joined as well as cutting operations can be performed. Due to extremely high velocities and strain rates in comparison to conventional quasistatic processes, forming limits can be extended for several materials. In this article, the state of the art of electromagnetic forming is reviewed considering: Article history: Received 10 September 2010 Received in revised form 7 December 2010 Accepted 15 December 2010 Available online 23 December 2010 Keywords: Electromagnetic forming Impulse forming High-speed forming • basic research work regarding the process principle, significant parameters on the acting loads, the • application-oriented research work and applications in the field of forming, joining, cutting, and...
Words: 20412 - Pages: 82
...Basic Principles and Functions of Electrical Machines O.I. Okoro, Ph.D.1*, M.U. Agu, Ph.D.1, and E. Chinkuni, Ph.D.2 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria * E-mail: oiokoro@hotmail.com 2 Polytechnic University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia E-mail: chikuni@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Recent advances in power electronics and highspeed microprocessors have led to considerable attention in electrical machines with regard to their applications in industrial drives. This paper brings to the fore, various types of electrical machines, their operations, and applications, as well as the method of determining their parameters. Various ways of protecting electric machines against overloads and mechanical faults are also highlighted. It is anticipated that the work presented in this paper will be of immense benefit to practicing engineers especially in areas of machine design, maintenance, and protection. (Keywords: electrical machines, operation design, maintenance, protection, stator) the stator and alternating currents are induced in the rotor by transformer action. In the synchronous machine, direct current is supplied to the rotor and Alternating Current (A.C.) flows in the stator. On the other hand, a D.C. machine is a machine that is excited from D.C. sources only or that itself acts as a source of D.C. [5]. It is a common practice in industry to employ A.C. motors whenever they are inherently suitable or can be given appropriate characteristics...
Words: 3348 - Pages: 14
...Origin of contract Contract act 1872 Extends to all Pakistan DEFINITION (1)Between two or more than two parties\persons (2)To do or not to do any particular thing (3)Enforceable by law (4)Creates obligation between the parties \persons COMMUNICATION\REVOCATION\ACCEPTANCE COMMUNICATION (1)Offer or proposal (notice to other party) (2)Acceptance REVOCATION (1)Cancellation (2)Mode of Revocation of proposal (a)By written notice or by conduct (b)By failure to fulfill any condition relating to contract (c)Death of either party (d)Lapse of time (e)Operation of law (f)Refusal by offeree ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT (1)Agreement (2)Legal Relationship (3)Competent to contract (4)Free consent (5)Consideration (6)Not expressly declared void (7)Legal objects PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT (1)Contracts which must be performed (2)By whom contracts must be performed (3)Time and place for performance (4)Performance for Reciprocal promises (5)Contracts which need not to be performed DISCHARGE\BREACH OF CONTRACT (1)Whoever...
Words: 7925 - Pages: 32
...Harvard Business School 9-899-097 Rev. November 19, 1998 Walnut Venture Associates (D): RBS Deal Terms It was Friday, June 5, 1998, and Bob O’Connor was headed home for the weekend. He knew it would be a busy one, for he had many decisions to make. He had been trying to raise capital for his Company – the RBS Group, a software firm – for almost a year. He felt like he was finally nearing the end of this process, but now more issues had arisen. First, his prospective investors wanted to increase the amount of their investment. While he would be happy to have the extra money, he felt that the valuation on RBS was already lower than he had hoped, and he was reluctant to take more money at this price. Second, he had received a draft term sheet the day before. He’d only had a few minutes to scan it, but it seemed a long way from the simple deal they’d discussed weeks before. O’Connor knew he would be spending a lot of time with this document over the coming weekend. Background Wagner and other “angels” from the Walnut group had successfully gotten over several of the issues that had arisen during their due diligence process. (See Walnut Ventures Associates (A), (B) and (C) Nos.899-062, 063 and 064) Wagner described those issues and the due diligence process: The customer feedback was all quite good. O’Connor was a great salesman. The issue was: Is he a one man band? And we decided – yes, he was a one man band, but more by necessity than by choice. After watching him in...
Words: 5092 - Pages: 21
...Articulation Review Sheet 1. Define an articulation. 2. Describe the three (3) classes of joints based on structure. a. b. c. 3. Describe the three (3) classes of joints based on function. a. b. c. 5. A cartilaginous joint is a(n) (immovable / slightly movable) joint. Give two examples. a. b. 6. What structural features of synovial joints make them more freely movable than other types of joints? Match the parts of a synovial joint with the descriptions below. A. Articular cartilage SF. Synovial fluid F. Fibrous capsule SM. Synovial membrane L. Ligaments _____a. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of articulating bones. _____b. Lubricates joint and nourishes articular cartilage; consistency of uncooked egg white. _____c. Inner layer of the synovial capsule; secretes synovial fluid _____d. Fibers that bind bones together _____e. Together these form the articular capsule (2 answers) 11. Perform the action described. Then write in the name of the type of movement. a. Describe a cone with your arm as if you are winding up to pitch a ball. The movement is called _____________________. b. Stand in anatomical position (palms forward). Turn your palms backward. This action is called _________________. c. Move your fingers from "fingers together" to fingers apart" position. This action is _________________ of the fingers. d. Raise your shoulders, as if to shrug them. This movement is called _____________________ of the shoulders. e. Stand on your toes...
Words: 369 - Pages: 2
...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY In the modern world of tough competition and rivalry among the companies it has become necessary that one should be able to understand each and every aspect of the functioning of the organization than only concentrating on his work alone. So in order to make students aware of the overall working of the organization the university as well as the institution has made it mandatory to conduct a detailed study into the working of an organization and also to submit a report at the end of the study. Since the industrial revolution in the early 18th century, the world has witnessed a significant growth in the field of infrastructure, industry and allied activities. In India after the globalization in 1993, the foreign counterparts started coming to India and the need for doing project was realized and now it has become an important component of economic development. Projects are defined as an economic activity with well defined objectives and having a specific beginning and end. The engineering industry is one of the second largest components of India‟s manufacturing sector over the year. This particular sector has registered an average growth of 16% during the last two decades. It includes production of the electronic gadgets and machines and drives to run those machines. Need for the study To learn about the origin and development of the company. The role of each department in an organization dealing in industrial...
Words: 6531 - Pages: 27
...|CHAPTER | | | |Introduction | | | |Organization | |Company Profile | |Organization Chart | |Cotton Purchase & Sales | | | |2.Various Department | | | |Manufacturing Process | | | |3.Personnel...
Words: 1985 - Pages: 8
...Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.685 Electric Machines Class Notes 1: Electromagnetic Forces c 2003 James L. Kirtley Jr. September 5, 2005 1 Introduction Bearings Stator Stator Conductors Rotor Air Gap Rotor Conductors Shaft End Windings Figure 1: Form of Electric Machine This section of notes discusses some of the fundamental processes involved in electric machinery. In the section on energy conversion processes we examine the two major ways of estimating electromagnetic forces: those involving thermodynamic arguments (conservation of energy) and field methods (Maxwell’s Stress Tensor). But first it is appropriate to introduce the topic by describing a notional rotating electric machine. Electric machinery comes in many different types and a strikingly broad range of sizes, from those little machines that cause cell ’phones and pagers to vibrate (yes, those are rotating electric machines) to turbine generators with ratings upwards of a Gigawatt. Most of the machines with which we are familiar are rotating, but linear electric motors are widely used, from shuttle drives in weaving machines to equipment handling and amusement park rides. Currently under development are large linear induction machines to be used to launch aircraft. It is our purpose in this subject to develop an analytical basis for understanding how all of these different machines work. We start, however, with a picture of perhaps...
Words: 5431 - Pages: 22
...Brazil Brazil how do I describe it, I’ll start with the weather the hot blazing sun spreads across the light blue sky, where the clouds light and fluffy as cotton candy. The golden sun reflects gently on my skin, as the light flowing breeze flows through my hair, tickles my skin like a feather. The beach, the first thing I come across was the white sandy beach as white as snow with a trickle of golden sun light reflecting from the radiant sun. The tide swiftly lapped the shore, the water a bright blue, the first thing I noticed the water was clean, clear Celeste blue beautiful bright colour I see my reflection it was crystal clear it stared right back at me, splash, splash I crashed into the water it was warm soft feeling, I screamed in delight, the water rushed all of my skin with a warm fresh feeling, as I came out, the water stung my eyes like a bee stuck my finger, the feeling of warmness jumped off my body like a grasshopper jumping through grass, all of a sudden there was a rush of coldness hit my skin , bang goose bumps hit my skin, I shivered, and shivered but when sun light hit my skin the coldness dance off my skin. My stomach rumbled and growled as loud as a loin’s growl as the aroma of flame-grilled meat drifts towards me. I could hear the sizzling on the open fire and the steak fat dribbling and hissing as it spills onto the grill, the smell of sizzling sausages on an open fire, the mouth-watering smell freshly cooked chicken. Sun set every night spread slowly...
Words: 687 - Pages: 3
...Private unlimited company 6 Memorandum of Association 7 Article of Association 9 Memorandum and Articles of Association: 10 Memorandum and Articles of Association Form 10: 10 Memorandum and Articles of Association Form 12: 10 Memorandum and Articles of Association Advantages: 11 Memorandum and Articles of Association Disadvantages: 11 Dissolving ANNHANNY 11 What is a dead business. 12 Striking off a company 13 Winding up a company 14 Reference 16 Introduction The selling and supplying children books fall under the category of distributor and wholesaler. There are few prominent companies in Malaysia who are specializing in selling and supplying children books such as Grolier (M) Sdn. Bhd and the Children World Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd. In the case of Anne and Hanny, they have initiate a plan to set up a business selling and supplying children books. This will followed by another expansion toward setting up a publishing firm in the future. They type of organization that will be suitable for them will me more like the Children World Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd. Their type of business is somewhat similar to what Anny and Hanny had in mind initially. The only difference is, Anne and Hanny wanted to do it in two separate steps. First step is to open up a business selling and supplying children books then as the business grows they will embark into setting up a publishing firm in the future. So therefore for the sake of argument and the assignment...
Words: 4518 - Pages: 19