...University of Sunderland School of Computing and Technology File Management System in Linux CUI Interface A Project Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the Regulations governing the award of the degree of BA in Computer Studies, University of Sunderland 2006 I. Abstract This dissertation details a project to design and produce a prototype Linux character environment file manipulation assisting application. The application is offering a friendly menu driven interface to handle the jobs that non-programmers keep finding cumbersome to master when it comes to working in a Unix/Linux interface, resulting in serious mistakes and much loss of productive time. The Linux File Management System is a basic program for every user at a Unix/Linux terminal. Advantages here include the fact that the support team does not have to be burdened with solving simple file based queries by the employees. The areas of Designing GUI interfaces in Linux and Windows versus Linux Security were researched and a prototype has been designed, developed and tested. An evaluation of the overall success of the project has been conducted and recommendations for future work are also given. Words II. Table of Contents 1) Introduction.................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Overview.................................
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...Carlos Espiritu 12/10/11 Week 1 homework Page 19 1. What is free software? List three characteristics of free software. Free software includes GNU/Linux, Apache, and some examples of free applications are: KDE, OpenOffice.org. all these application can be used for router/mobile phones..Etc. Linux is free and price plays a roll but not so crucial as other OS. Also source code is available, and software can be used for any purpose, also can be studied and changed. Linux software can be distributed and changed versions as well. 2. What are multiuser sytems? Why are they successful? A multiuser system allows each user at their work terminals to be connected to the computer. The operating system of computer assigns each user a portion of RAM and drives the computer’s time among various users; it is also called time sharing system. In other words, a multiuser system allows many users to simultaneously access the facilities of the host computer. This type of system is capable of having 100’s of users use this computer at once. The commonly used multiuser systems are: 1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK 2. WIDE AREA NETWORK 3. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK. 3. In what language is linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of linux? Linux is written in the C programming language and because it is written in the C language the language can be imbedded in all type of devices from TV’s, to PDA’s, cell phones, cable boxes for the reason of this language being so portable...
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...Linux CIS 155 Victor Gaines Dr. Weidman December 19, 2012 An operating system is, in the most basic of terms, the back bone of any modern day personal computer. They allow for users to start applications, manipulate the system, and, in general, use the computer effectively and efficiently. There are many different operating systems, all of which are used by different people for different reasons. The Apple OS operating system is the sole property of the Apple Company and is used in all of their computers and technology that they create. Then you have Windows, which is quite possibly the most widely recognizable operating system on the market today. Then there is Linux. Linux is seen as the operating system for “people who know computers”. Linux is not as user friendly as the Apple OS or Windows but it is seen as one of the most flexible operating systems around. Linux was born from the brain trust of a small group of friends lead by a Finn computer science student, Linus Torvalds. Linus built the kernel, which is the core of the Linux operating system, though the kernel itself does not fully constitute an operating system. Richard Stallman’s GNU tools were used to fully flesh out the Linux operating system. Torvald matched these two together to make these two parts one whole working body. Linux is still in its infancy but has gathered a tremendous following since its inception in 1991. Linux is greatly favored by amongst developers, being used in everything from computers...
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...NT1430 Linux Networking: Study Guide Wed 21-November-2012 Linux Commands: Know these commands and what they do: • Directory and list commands o ls, ls –l o pwd o cd / o cd and cd~ (hint: both take you to your home directory) o cd .. (takes you up one directory • Know what cp and mv do and how to use them • File viewing commands: o cat o less and more (one page at atime) o vi and view o tail (shows the last 10 lines of a file) o head (shows the top 10 lines) • chmod for changing permissions on files and directories • know the differences in read write and execute for owner group and all • > to redirect output to a file (overwrites if file exists) • >> appends to a file • & puts a process in the background while fg brings it to the foreground. • ps –ef | grep programname locates a running process for you • grep is a program that searches for a string within a directory or command output • The pipe symbol ( | ) sends output from one command to the input of another. • Know what a Linux shell script is. Direcories and file systems • / is the root of the entire file system • /usr stores program files • /home stores user home directories • /etc stores Linux configuration files • /var stores various miscellaneous files • /proc is a virtual directory that stores system performance metrics...
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...1) Describe some reasons why Linux is installed on only a very small fraction of desktop computers. Are there particular categories of products or users who might see Linux as more appealing than conventional operating systems? Do you think Linux's share of the desktop market will increase? Why or why not? Linux is used proportionally due to the fact that we live in a Windows world. All of the name brand software applications like Office, Peachtree and QuickBooks are Windows based. I couldn’t imagine playing Call of Duty on Linux. Not saying it couldn’t happen. Without being said there is a huge demand to make Windows applications. The overall installation process for Linux is different. I won’t say difficult but different. Linux overall doesn’t have the virus issues that Windows tends to obtain. I know there are a ton of LIVE CD’s out there that is used for forensics, firewalls, backup and recovery. I have used a few of them in the past to recover partitions on hard drives unattainable by windows. I see windows becoming more and more of an online service in the future. If Microsoft goes this route, I can see users adapting to Linux just to avoid a big brother conspiracy. One thing that could also increase the usage of Linux might be those entities that are trying to implement technology with a tight budget. 2) What are some of the benefits of cloud computing? What are some of the drawbacks? Find an article about cloud computing online. Summarize and critique the article...
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...Unit 2 Discussion 1: Identifying Layers of Access Control in Linux One of the most vital security tasks is to maintain control over incoming network connections. As system administrator, there are many layers of control over these connections. At the lowest level unplug network cables, but this is rarely necessary unless your computer has been badly cracked beyond all trust. More realistically, you have the following levels of control in software, from general to service-specific: Network interface - The interface can be brought entirely down and up. Firewall - By setting firewall rules in the Linux kernel, you control the handling of incoming (and outgoing and forwarded) packets. This topic is covered in Chapter 2. A superdaemon or Internet services daemon- A superdaemon controls the invocation of specific network services. Suppose the system receives an incoming request for a Telnet connection. The superdaemon could accept or reject it based on the source address, the time of day, the count of other Telnet connections open... or it could simply forbid all Telnet access. Superdaemons typically have a set of configuration files for controlling your many services conveniently in one place. Individual network services - Any network service, such as sshd or ftpd, may have built-in access control facilities of its own. For example, sshd has its AllowUsers configuration keyword, ftpd has /etc/ftpaccess, and various services require user authentication. ...
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...to 10 optional extra credit points each Part that you submit in this project, but you have to begin the first week. You can always drop out later if you don’t have time…it’s optional! The project will help you select and install a Linux OS on an old computer. It will be easy XC points for those who have already done so, and a great learning experience for everyone. Part 1—Find an old computer you can install Linux on, and determine its hardware Note: If you do not do Part 1, you are not eligible to do any of the following parts! A. Old computers which are too slow for Windows often make great *nix boxes. B. Find one in your garage, from a neighbor or family member, or at a garage sale. C. You will need system unit, keyboard, mouse, monitor & [optional—network card] D. If it used to run Windows, it should be fine E. Determine what hardware it has, including a. CPU speed, # of cores, etc. b. Memory c. Hard drive space and interface (SATA, PATA, SCSI) d. Network card—ethernet? 100Mbps? Gbps? F. If you have trouble determining what hardware you have, hit the discussion board. G. Submit brand & specs in the link under the weekly Content folder for credit Part 2—Select a Linux, UNIX, or BSD OS and verify that your hardware will support it A. This is strictly research. Find a *nix flavor with which you are unfamiliar! B. Look up the hardware compatibility specs to verify that your system will support...
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...Chapter 18 Exercises 1.What is the difference between the scp and sftp utilities? copies file to and from a remote system SFTP is the same but is secure 2.How can you use ssh to find out who is logged in on a remote system? Assuming you have the same username on both systems, the following command might prompt you for your password on the remote system; it displays the output of who run on host: $ ssh host who 3.How would you use scp to copy your ~/.bashrc file from the system named plum to the local system? $ scp ~/.bashrc zack@plum: 4.How would you use ssh to run xterm on plum and show the display on the local system? Assuming you have the same username on both systems and an X11 server running locally, the following command runs xterm on plum and presents the display on the local system: $ ssh plum xterm You need to use the –Y option if trusted X11 forwarding is not enabled. 5.What problem can enabling compression present when you are using ssh to run remote X applications on a local display? When using compression latency is increased and the outcome is always undesirable slower speeds, and data interruption. 6.When you try to connect to a remote system using an OpenSSH client and you see a message warning you that the remote host identification has changed, what has happened?What should you do? This message indicates that the fingerprint of the remote system is not the same as the local system remembers it. Check with the remote system’s...
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...After researching some popular commercial windows applications, I have found a few good open-source alternatives for Linux users. The four Windows applications I researched were Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, Internet Explorer, and Norton Anti-Virus. The most user friendly Adobe Acrobat alternative I found was PDFMod. This a very user friendly platform with a nice GUI interface that allows you to reorder, rotate, and remove pages, export images from a document, edit the title, subject, author, and keywords, and combine documents via drag and drop. This program is very simple and easy to use to modify PDF documents. Adobe Photoshop was a little harder to find a good alternative, but I think that GIMP 2.6 answers that call. GIMP is a very simple yet complex application that can be used as a simple paint program, an expert quality photo retouching program, an online batch processing system, a mass production image renderer, an image format converter, etc. You can expand GIMP with the use of plug-ins and extensions to do just about anything. Gimp also has an advanced scripting interface allows everything from the simplest task to the most complex image manipulation procedures to be easily scripted. An obvious choice for me as a replacement for Internet Explorer(due to the fact that I already use it) is Mozilla Firefox. Firefox is, in my opinion, a superior browser with better security, performance, personalization, etc. With Firefox you can sync your desktop browser with your...
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...the creation of the Linux kernel by Linus Torvalds in 1991, many versions of Linux have been created. Due to the open source of the kernel, this gives advanced users the option to alter the kernel to their liking. This, in turn, has yielded a near endless amount of distributions and versions available out there. In my research, I have found the main versions of Linux have derived from Debian Linux, Slackware Linux, or RedHat Linux. However, the first distribution meant for the masses was Yggdrasil Linux (Citation). First, there were versions such as MCC Interim Linux developed by University of Manchester and TAMU developed by Texas A&M, however these were in-house developments not really meant to be widely distributed. Yggdrasil, one of the first widely distributed version of Linux, was described as a Plug and play Linux. Its’ initial release took place in December of 1992, but in the form of an alpha release. The beta version was released in 1993, and the official release the next year in 1994. It was the first Linux operating system distributed via a live CD-ROM. It included an automatic configuration of the software installation, much like we see today, making it very easy for even a novice user to set it up. Yggdrasil was not free, however, the company charged $39.95 per copy (Yggdrasil Computing). After conducting research of the number of distribution of Linux, the exact number could not be pinpointed. There are so many developers tweaking the Linux kernel and submitting...
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...What is free software? List three characteristics of free software. 1- Distribution 2- Development 3- Collaboration. 2. Why is Linux popular? Why is it popular in academia? Because of it portability and it is free as Free Expression easy to manipulate and transport. Because of its portability and easy to manipulate. 3. What are multiuser systems? Why are they successful? Multi-user are the several individual user that can access one system that being physical machine or VM. They are popular because it help to centralize resources and energies and minimize security concerns. 4. What is the Free Software Foundation/GNU? What is Linux? Which parts of the Linux operating system did each provide? Who else has helped build and refine this operating system? The Free Software Foundation (www.fsf.org) is the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Project. GNU developed many of the tools, including the C compiler, that are part of the NU/Linux Operating System. Linux is the name of an operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds and expanded and improved by thousands of people on the Internet. Torvalds’s kernel and GNU’s tools work Together as the GNU/Linux Operating System. 5. In which language is Linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of Linux? Linux was written in C language. C can be used to write machine-independent programs. A programmer who designs a program to be portable can easily move...
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...operating system kernel, Linux version 0.01. Linux evolved into a fully functioning Operating System (OS) with one of its first distributions created by the Manchester Computing Center, MCC Interim Linux, using a combined boot/root disk (Hayward, 2012). Linux luminaries, Slackware, RedHat and Debian began to rise between 1992 and 1994 as well as the Linux kernel growing to version 0.95, becoming the first kernel to run the X Windows System. The Big Three, Slackware, Debian and Red Hat were instrumental in the anticipated launching of Linux version 1.0.0 in 1994 with 176,250 lines of code. Over the next five years the big three released some of the greatest Linux distributions, including the Jurix Linux, which is allegedly the first distribution to include a scriptable installer; the installer allows an administrator install across similar machines. The Juris Linux distribution is mostly noted in Linux history because it was used as a base system for SUSE Linux which is still in operation today (Hayward, 2012). Launched in 1996, Linux 2.0 had 41 releases in the series; inclusion of critical operating system features and rapid releases helped to make the Linux operating system the OS of choice for IT professionals. Another notable moment in Linux history was the release of Version 2.4 which contained support for USB, PC Cards, ISA Plug and Play and Bluetooth, just to name a few; these features demonstrated the versatility and the advancement of the Linux kernel since the early...
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...Linux Features of Red Hat Red hat has many different features, I will cover a few of the main features in this section, and Red Hat contains more than 1,200 components covering a broad range of functionality. Red Hat Enterprise Linux provides CIOs and IT managers with the means to reduce costs while improving operational flexibility throughout their computing infrastructure. The following list provides a brief summary of the more important features: * Virtualization is provided in all Red Hat Enterprise Linux server products and is optionally available for desktop products. * Storage and extended server virtualization are provided with Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Platform. * Red Hat Network supports virtualized guest operating systems * Virtual-manager, other management tools are available for single system or scripted virtualization management. * Integration with Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is available for enterprise virtualization management. Networking & interoperability * Network storage enhancements include Autofs, FS-Cache, and iSCSI support * IPv6 support and conformance enhancements * Improved Microsoft® file/print and Active Directory integration, including support for Windows Security Features * SE Linux enhancements include Multi-Level Security and targeted policies for all services * SE troubleshooter GUI simplifies SE Linux management * Integrated directory and security capabilities * IPSEC enhancements...
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...security enhancement to Linux which allows users and administrators more control over access control. Access can be constrained on such variables as which users and applications can access which resources. These resources may take the form of files. Standard Linux access controls, such as file modes (-rwxr-xr-x) are modifiable by the user and the applications which the user runs. Conversely, SELinux access controls are determined by a policy loaded on the system which may not be changed by careless users or misbehaving applications. The United States National Security Agency, the original primary developer of SELinux, released the first version to the open source development community under the GNU GPL on December 22, 2000. The software merged into the mainline Linux kernel 2.6.0-test3, released on 8 August 2003. Other significant contributors include Network Associates, Secure Computing Corporation, Trusted Computer Solutions, and Tresys Technology. Experimental ports of the FLASK/TE implementation have been made available via the TrustedBSD Project for the FreeBSD and Darwin operating systems. SELinux also adds finer granularity to access controls. Instead of only being able to specify who can read, write or execute a file, for example, SELinux lets you specify who can unlink, append only, move a file and so on. SELinux allows you to specify access to many resources other than files as well, such as network resources and interprocess communication. A Linux kernel integrating...
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...Benson Medley-Childs Outline SERVERS 1. The 1st vendor is IBM which uses power servers that runs both Red Hat and SUSE Linux server operating systems, offering a scalable alternative for your open source application. a. Red Hat has big business support and its easy to find certified technicians, administrators and engineers who know their way around Red Hat. Its also supported on a wide variety of hardware whether your running x86 servers on racks, blade servers, IBM power systems, or mainframes then Red Hat is your best choice b. Ubuntu is a great linux server that offers free upgrades and support. It provides windows integration and a cloud system. Provides an easy to use GUI to many manage many machines at once, group machines that match your needs. Workstations 1. Penguin computing Linux workstations they offer three different workstation models a. Tempest 4201: The Tempest 4201 is based on the latest generation of AMD Opteron processors. The 4201 is the right server for real power users with demanding I/O intensive applications. The Platinum power supply makes this system extremely power efficient and best of all. b. Tempest 4400: With up to 64 processor cores and 512GB of RAM the Tempest 4400 delivers the performance of a small cluster in a desktop form factor with server-grade RAS options. c. Niveus 5200: The Niveus is an expert workstation that features Intel's latest CPU and IO technologies. It is ideal for demanding...
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