...Richard Ching Biology 141 Exam 1 Study Questions 1-15 1. What is the difference between an hypothesis and a scientific Theory? Between an hypothesis and a prediction? What kinds of hypotheses are useful for scientific investigations that try to explain the natural world, and which are not? Give one or more examples of hypotheses that are and are not scientifically useful. A scientific theory is an explanation for a broad class of phenomena or observations, whereas a hypothesis is a testable statement to explain the workings of a particular scientific theory. In other words, a hypothesis aims to find out how a phenomena occurs. What distinguishes a hypothesis from a prediction is that a prediction is simply a part of a hypothesis, and is an observable or measureable result that must hold true if the hypothesis is correct. A hypothesis is useful to a scientific investigation in the case that it can be tested and have results gathered from experimentation or observation, while hypotheses that cannot be tested and concluded upon are not useful. An example of a useful hypothesis is the question of whether or not cramming increases test performance when compared to consistent studying, and an example of a hypothesis that is not scientifically useful would be the question of whether God truly exists. 2. Two of the greatest unifying ideas in biology (i.e., concepts that account for and are consistent with a very large number of observations) are the Cell Theory, and the Theory...
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...Making a good food choices Food is in a human's life constantly but we do not think about if what we are ingesting and putting in our body is the right choice for us. Making the best food choices on a daily basis will have both immediate and long-term effects on your body. Select healthy, nutritious foods and your meals will not only satisfy your hunger, they’ll improve your mood and give you more energy as they will also set you up for long-term wellness. This essay is going to talk about some factors that how to make the choices that we take for dietary needs. There are few points for making our food choice which depends on Biological, Social and Economic. The human body must obtain nutrients from foods. Human require approximately fifty nutrients for growth and cell maintenance and repair. These nutrients are divided into six classes: proteins, lipids or fats, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and water. A diet consisting of a relatively equal combination of terrestrial mammals, birds, shellfish, fish and plant foods would lead to healthier individual than would a diet based solely or primarily on one type of animal food such as terrestrial mammals. Our physiological needs provide the basic determinants of food choice. Humans need energy and nutrients in order to survive and will respond to the feelings of hunger and satiety. Hunger and satiety are the result of complex physiological processes, e.g., blood depletion of nutrients, empty stomach. As food is eaten satiation...
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...addition, they can socialize with their neighbors and bring their pets to go for a walk. Meanwhile swimming requires swimming gear. Swimming is popular not only because of helping people to lose weight but also help fat people to lowering their risk of injury when they are doing sports. However, biking or cycling is also an option because it a low impact exercise. But, the cost of equipment should be consider before buying those gears. As a result of modern era and suitable with all age groups, dancing is one of the most popular sport. Dancing is an aerobic exercise. After doing sports, there are some benefits such as increasing immune system, improving the function of the parts of the body, reduce stress, and make the body better. This essay will discuss about activities and benefits of sports. The first benefit is functioning immune system to ward off germs, bacteria, and diseases that are around the neighborhood. Sports affect the performance of the hormone in the body such as adrenaline and serotonin, which are useful for immune system. When the immune system increases, the body will be more resistant against disease. Minor ailments such as influenza can be easily attacked if the immune system is...
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...2 AQA BIOL5: The synoptic essay AQA A2 Biology: Writing the Synoptic Essay by Dr Robert Mitchell CT Publications Copyright © Dr Robert Mitchell 2010 www.ctpublications.co.uk 0800 040 7901 Dr Robert Mitchell A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-907769-02-3 First published in May 2010 by CT Publications Copyright © Dr Robert Mitchell 2010 The right of Robert Mitchell to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright and Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher at the address below. Published in 2010 by CT Publications* 40 Higher Bridge Street Bolton Greater Manchester BL1 2HA Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 *CT Publications is owned by Chemistry Tutorials located at the same address. Copyright © Dr Robert Mitchell 2010 www.biologytutorials.co.uk 0800 040 7901 3 4 AQA BIOL5: The synoptic essay CONTENTS 1. Be aware of the task you face ............................................................................ 6 What is Synoptic? ........................................................................................... 6 Will I have to learn everything? ..............
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...Biology 119, Spring 2015 Review sheet for Exam 1 The exam is worth 100 points total. It will consist of approximately 47 multiple-choice questions worth 2 point each and 3-4 short essay questions. Bring a scantron and pencil to the exam. The best way to study is to review the posted lecture notes. I suggest printing of a blank copy and filling them in referring to your book and notes as little as possible. Continue this process until you can fill them in without assistance. Exam 1 will cover chapters 1-3 and 6. 1. How long have microbes been on the planet? How has this affected the evolution of more complex species? a. Microorganisms are the foundation for all life on earth b. They have existed on this planet for about 3.5 billion years c. Over time plants, animals, and modern microorganisms evolved from them 2. Describe some of the negative impacts of microbes. d. Disease epidemics- an infectious disease that affects large numbers of people in a given area e. Chronic disease caused by bacteria i. Many disease once thought caused by environmental stressors actually caused by bacteria 1. Example: gastric ulcers a. Causative agent – Helicobacter pylori f. Examples: ii. Black Plague (Yersinia pestis bacterium)- killed 25 million Europeans between 1346-1350 iii. Influenza 1918-1919 killed more than all the wars combined iv. Cholera-vibrio cholerae ...
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...The following is a modified version of the AMCAS MD/PhD essay. Biomedical research has been an interest of mine for as long as I can remember. The concept of tackling and solving biological mysteries has always been greatly appealing to me and I found the fact that work done on something as microscopic as cells and proteins could be used to cure visible ailments of disease to be astounding. Throughout my primary education, I relished each opportunity to conduct experiments in class, and I eagerly anticipated the day when I could finally contribute towards understanding disease and improving human health myself. My first foray into scientific research occurred during the summer of my second year in high school, from June to August, 2012. As part of the NIH’s summer internship program, I joined Dr. Yingzi Yang’s laboratory under the National...
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...describes a metabolic disorder of multiple causes characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrates , fats and protein metabolism which results in abnormal insulin secretion or/ and insulin action. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage dysfunction and failure of various organs (WHO). Types of diabetes: There are two main types of Diabetes: * Type 1diabetes (T1B) which usually develops in childhood and adolescence and the patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. * Type 2 diabetes (T2B) usually occurs in adulthood and it is also related to obesity as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy diets. This is the more common type of diabetes (representing 90% of diabetes cases worldwide) and treatment may involve lifestyle modifications and weight loss alone or oral medicines or even insulin injections. * Other categories of diabetes: There are other categories of diabetes which includes gestational diabetes (a state of hyperglycaemia which develops during pregnancy) and other rarer causes (genetic syndromes, acquired processes such as pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis or exposure to certain drugs, viruses and unknown causes). Burden of diabetes: * The development of diabetes is projected to reach pandemic proportions over the next 10-20 years. * International diabetes federation data showed in 2025 the number of people affected with diabetes will reach 333 million (90 % of the population is expected to...
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...disorder which according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2009) guidelines, affects one per-cent of the UK population. Schizophrenia can be classified as an overall category for the mental illness; however, diagnostic tools such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) reveal the variations of the psychiatric disorder. This essay will explore and focus on one specific subtype of the mental illness. Paranoid Schizophrenia. According to T.Davies and T.Craig (2009, p45), Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common subtypes of the psychotic illness which affects the individuals variation of emotion, thinking and behaviour. Through extensive research, this essay will uncover the definition of paranoid schizophrenia, its manifestations and possible causes. Key issues such as symptoms, epidemiology, prevalence, co-morbidity, prognosis, treatment and interventions will also be critically reviewed and discussed. Lastly, this essay will also analyse guidelines, policies and regulations that influence interventions and the effects of paranoid schizophrenia on the individual, their families, carers and friends. There are various subtypes of schizophrenia such as undifferentiated, residual, simple, other and unspecified schizophrenia with the three most common being Paranoid, Hebephrenic and Catatonic Schizophrenia (C.Gamble and G.Brenan 2006, p100). Prior to the diagnosis...
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...an individual. Unit introduction This unit builds on learner understanding of the principles introduced in Unit 5: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care. Improvements in the diet of individuals are increasingly being recognised as a significant factor in maintaining, or effecting improvements, in overall health. It is therefore important that people working in the health and social care sectors, or those who are responsible for the wellbeing of others, have a good understanding of nutrition and diet. This unit gives learners an understanding of nutrition from a science-based perspective and of the role that food plays in social contexts. The unit may also provide useful underpinning knowledge for the study of food hygiene and practical culinary skills. Learners will explore concepts of nutrition using the language of nutritional science. Different aspects of nutritional health will be defined and routine ways of measuring this explored. Other aspects of nutritional data will involve describing the general principles on which nutritional requirements are determined in the UK and how information on the nutrient content of foods can be retrieved. Learners will also explore how the nutritional value of foods may be affected by food processing. The function and sources of the main nutrients will be investigated in relation to the contribution they make to the healthy...
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...Nick Montesano Buss 200 Administrative Law Essay The College Of New Jersey Dr. Laura Sanders 9/29/30 A National Dispute In the past decade there has been an increased controversial view of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. People have been divided on how to regulate these products in the market, causing much governmental controversy. There have been many groundbreaking and unprecedented court cases that have been shaping the public policy on which these substances stand on. These substances have an immediate and perilous effect on the health of all human beings. Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, alcohol causes impaired judgment and in turn causes people to do things that affect their health physically and emotionally, and marijuana has almost the same effect as alcohol. (New England Law) Health is the ultimate concern when studying these three substances, which would lead to the Family Smoking Prevention Act to survive the Hudson Test. The Granholm case would lead one to believe that states cannot discriminate against outsiders from sales, and the medical exceptions for marijuana are valid on the fact that it has a medical advantage to some citizens. I strongly believe that the federal government has a right to regulate certain aspects of these substances based upon the danger posed to the health of citizens. This paper will discuss certain court cases that shape my opinion for every substance....
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...The aim of this essay is to explore an acute deterioration in the health of an adult I have encountered during a clinical placement, in an acute care setting. The essay will begin with a definition of acute care, followed by the introduction of my patient and predisposing factors. This essay will include an explanation of the significant pathophysiological changes and related clinical manifestations and a critical analysis of the nursing interventions implemented during the acute episode of care, focusing on holistic care, rationale and evidence base. It will then describe the actual deterioration in the patient’s condition, and discuss the nurse’s role in the recognition and assessment of the actual deteriorating condition following the trusts policies. Assessment tools, monitoring, detecting and reporting will be considered. Finally this essay will include a discussion of the importance of multidisciplinary team collaboration in the diagnosis and provision of care during the acute episode, and a discussion on whether the deterioration could have been prevented by identifying any areas of practice which could change in relation to evidence based practice. For the purposes of privacy and confidentiality, in accordance with NMC (2008) code of conduct, the name of the patient will be changed to Peter and the placement area will remain as an acute care setting. According to McFerran (2008) the term “acute” is described as a disease of rapid onset, severe symptoms, and brief duration...
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...Please do not plagiarize. Only use these study questions for study purposes, and to check your own work. Answers are NOT guaranteed to be correct. Biology 141, Spring 2012 Exam 1 Study Questions The questions on the first hour exam will be based on those given below. Questions on the exam will be in multiple choice form, but if you can answer the questions here, you will have no trouble with the exam. [Notes: 1. These questions are meant to provoke thought and study. Do not ask the instructors or the TAs to provide you with the answers. 2. Crossed out study questions will not be use as the basis for exam questions.] 1. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific Theory? Between a hypothesis and a prediction? What kinds of hypotheses are useful for scientific investigations that try to explain the natural world, and which are not? Give one or more examples of hypotheses that are and are not scientifically useful. The difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory is that a hypothesis is a proposed ‘theory’ and a scientific theory is theories that explain and predict any observable occurrence therefor the scientific theory is testing the hypothesis. The difference between a hypothesis and a prediction is that a hypothesis is used as an explanation to theory, and is proposed at the beginning of an experiment, while a prediction is the result of an experiment based on the hypothesis that is being tested. The kind of hypotheses’ that are...
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...National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement LIFE SCIENCES Further Education and Training Phase Grades 10-12 basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CurriCulum and assessment PoliCy statement Grades 10-12 life sCienCes CAPS LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 department of Basic education 222 Struben Street Private Bag X895 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 357 3000 Fax: +27 12 323 0601 120 Plein Street Private Bag X9023 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Tel: +27 21 465 1701 Fax: +27 21 461 8110 Website: http://www.education.gov.za © 2011 department of Basic education isBn: 978-1-4315-0578-4 Design and Layout by: Ndabase Printing Solution Printed by: Government Printing Works CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLICY STATEMENT (CAPS) LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 FOREWORD by thE ministER Our national curriculum is the culmination of our efforts over a period of seventeen years to transform the curriculum bequeathed to us by apartheid. From the start of democracy we have built our curriculum on the values that inspired our Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). the Preamble to the Constitution states that the aims of the Constitution are to: • heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights; improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which...
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...NINTH EDITION Burton’s MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES Paul G. Engelkirk, PhD, MT(ASCP), SM(AAM) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Janet Duben-Engelkirk, EdD, MT(ASCP) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biotechnology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Acquisitions Editor: David B. Troy Product Manager: John Larkin Managing Editor: Laura S. Horowitz, Hearthside Publishing Services Marketing Manager: Allison Powell Designer: Steve Druding Compositor: Maryland Composition/Absolute Service Inc. Ninth Edition Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 1996 Lippincott-Raven, © 1992, 1988, 1983, 1979 JB Lippincott Co. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in the People’s Republic of China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees...
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...Biology guide First assessment 2016 Biology guide First assessment 2016 Diploma Programme Biology guide Published February 2014 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted...
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