...that the pressure is transmitted evenly through a liquid. • Describe how to use Pascal’s Principle in practical application. When you inflate a balloon with air, it expands evenly in all directions, this is an example. • Describe Archimedes Principle. States that the mass of a liquid displaced by a floating body is equal to the mass of that body. • Determine if an object will float in a fluid based on its relative densities. So if you fill a tumbler up with water to the brim, put an object into it, weigh the water that has been pushed out of the tumbler, and compare that with the weight of the object, you'll know whether it floats or not. • Use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation to explain common effects of ideal fluid flow. The pressure in a fluid moving steadily without friction or outside energy input decreases when the fluid velocity increases Assignment Requirements 3. Mass is the same, so if the whale is taking up less volume, the density must have increased. The whale has displaced a greater mass of water at the depth, so the buoyant force is greater. 20. Ice cubes float in water, and sink in alcohol. Anything with less density than the liquid that it's in will float. 22. It will increase 35. It would be harder on the top of a mountain because the pressure of the atmosphere is lower the higher you go. The atmospheric pressure pushes on the surface of the liquid when you suck which helps the liquid move up the straw. At sea level, the pressure is...
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...Determination of Densities Group 3 - ECE 12 Paul Anthony S. Dela Cruz Gwenn G. Dela Victoria Christian Dane A. Esteva Nicolo Martin M. Eugenio Neil Aaron M. Gayetta De La Salle University-Dasmariñas Dasmariñas, Cavite Philippines ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify the density, the degree of compression which resides in a substance through the relationship between the mass the substance and its volume, of solid and liquid samples. The materials used for the liquid samples include: water, isopropyl alcohol, coconut oil and an unknown liquid. In order to determine the mass, volume and density the group measured the different samples as accurate as possible. The experimental density values were measured at 1.01 g/ml, 0.800 g/ml, 0.940 g/ml, and 0.800 g/ml respectively at room temperature. As the group calculated for the percent error, using the given formula, the result was below 3.00% for all the samples. The unknown liquid, kerosene, was identified by comparing the measured density with its theoretical value. As for the solid samples a wooden cube, rectangular plywood, a marble, and a pebble was used in the said activity. The experimental density values of the solid samples were measured at 0.500 g/cm3, 1.99 g/cm3, and 2.61 g/cm3 respectively. Finally, after accomplishing the study, the accuracy of measuring, the needed quantities and the mentioned results proved that such a great success was achieved. INTRODUCTION Density is the...
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... The Densities of Liquids and Solids compound. Abstract: In this experiment we will determine the density of liquid and a solid by two quantities of mass and the volume of a given quantity of matter.To properly measure density,we need container whose volume is known to a high degree of accuracy. This container is known as a flask and stopper. Introduction: Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance or object to its volume. At any given temperature, the ratio of mass to volume is characteristic for a given substance.Common liquids and solids of various densities are layered in a beaker. The liquids form different layers and the solids float at the interfaces between them. This demonstrates that a solid's ability to float or sink depends on its density relative to the liquid it is in.The physical properties of a pure substance are those that can be measured without changing the composition of the substance. The density of a substance is an intensive property of the substance. The property is independent of the mass of the substance ( intensive ). The density of a substance is a measure of the mass of the substance per volume occupied by the substance. The density of solids and liquids are generally given in units of grams per milliliter, while for gases the units are grams per liter. We will be determining the density of water, the density of an unknown liquid, the density of a regular solid and the density of an irregular solid.The Density of solid...
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...Uses of Fluid Mechanics with Relevant References. Fluid mechanics is the application of the laws of fore and motion to fluids. Within fluid mechanics there are two studies of fluid mechanics: Fluid statics, the study if fluids at rest within a system, or Fluid Dynamics which is the study of fluids that are in motion within a system. A fluid is a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. The substance continually deforms or flows under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the states of matter and include three of the four states of matter [1]. An example of tangential shear stress can be something as simple as a piece of wood floating on a small body of water. If the force, F, is applied at the end of one side, then the board transmits a tangential shear stress, denoted as, t, to the surface of the water. Shear stress is defined as the tangential to the area over which it acts, and is expressed in the same units as Direct Stress [2]. “If a shear stress is applied to the surface of a solid, the solid will deform a little, and then remain at rest (in its distorted shape). One can say that the solid (at rest) is able to resist the shear stress.” [2] Both the board and the water will move as long as the force exerted and the tangential sheer stress are not equal to zero. Think about this, a fluid can only experience a normal stress when there is no force being acted upon the system obtained by the fluid. Therefore, since the fluid is at...
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...Lab #3 Measurements & Density Experiment 3A I Purpose: To determine the area of a sheet of typing paper and express the answer in mm2, cm2, and in2. II Equipment/Reagents: A sheet of regular typing paper and ruled provided in lab kit. III Procedure: Measure the length and width of the sheet of typing paper and express this measurement in millimeters rounded to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Calculate the area of the sheet using the formula: Area= (length)(width) Round your answers to the correct number of significant digits and write the answers in the correct units. Convert your answer to cm2 and in2. IV Data or Observations: Length | Width | Area | 279 mm | 215 mm | 6.00x104 mm2 | 27.9 cm | 21.5 cm | 6.00x102 cm2 | 11.0 in | 8.46 in | 93.1 in2 | V Calculations: (279 mm)(215 mm)= 6.00x104 mm2 (27.9 cm)(21.5 cm)= 6.00x102 cm2 (11.0 in)(8.46 in)= 93.1 in2 VI Results/Summary: The area of the typing paper was found to be 6.00x10^4 mm^2, 6.00x 10^2 cm^2, and 93.1 in^2. Sierra Sisco Lab #3 Measurements & Density Experiment 3B I Purpose: To determine the volume of a rectangular solid and express the answer in mm3, cm3, and in3. II Equipment/Reagents: Rectangular block in lab kit and vernier caliper. III Procedure: Measure the length width and height of of the rectangular solid and express measurements in millimeters rounded to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Record your answers and calculate the volume...
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...Liquids and Gases http://edugen.wiley.com/edugen/courses/crs2436/crowe9771/crowe9771... 1.1 Liquids and Gases This section describes liquids and gases, emphasizing behavior of the molecules. This knowledge is useful for understanding the observable characteristics of fluids. Liquids and gases differ because of forces between the molecules. As shown in the first row of Table 1.1, a liquid will take the shape of a container whereas a gas will expand to fill a closed container. The behavior of the liquid is produced by strong attractive force between the molecules. This strong attractive force also explains why the density of a liquid is much higher than the density of gas (see the fourth row). The attributes in Table 1.1 can be generalized by defining a gas and liquid based on the differences in the attractive forces between molecules. A gas is a phase of material in which molecules are widely spaced, molecules move about freely, and forces between molecules are minuscule, except during collisions. Alternatively, a liquid is a phase of material in which molecules are closely spaced, molecules move about freely, and there are strong attractive forces between molecules. Table 1.1 Attribute Typical Visualization Solid COMPARISO OF SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, A D GASES Liquid Gas Macroscopic Description Mobility of Molecules Solids hold their shape; no need for a container Molecules have low mobility because they are bound in a structure by strong intermolecular forces Often high;...
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...numbers, and length. Qualitative is what is observed during the experiment using all 4 senses (see, hear, smell, feel). Conclusion is the second last part to write in a lab, it is telling us if the prediction was correct, and what your group noticed. And finally the application, the application is just a comparison or real life example that can relates to the experiment. And then in the end just need to draw a diagram that looks exactly likes the experiment. Now these are just key words that should be used in an experiment most often. Flow rate is just a rate in which the liquid can flow. It is measured in volume (mL)/Time (sec). Viscosity, viscosity is a liquids thickness or resistance to flow. Somewhat similar is viscous. Viscous is known as when a liquid is thicker than another liquid it is said to be viscous. Next is the particle theory, this theory is used most often when studying about gravity, density and buoyancy. The particle theory is when the more energy a substance particle has the more space...
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...“Determination of Densities” EXPERIMENT #1: DETERMINATION OF DENSITIES **ABSTRACT** The experiment conducted was to characterized different substances using its density. It is the amount of matter occupying a unit of volume. Different types of solids and liquids were measured to get its density including a unknown sample (liquid). We started first on liquid samples which are distilled water, isocrophyl alcohol, coconut oil and an unknown liquid sample. The percentage error ranged below 5.00% for all sample except for coconut oil. We are also able to identify the unknown liquid sample to be kerosene as we compared it with its actual density value. For solid samples, a wood block, pebbles and a marble was examined. The density results were found to be 0.69 g/cm3, 0.53 g/cm3, and 14.21 g/cm3 respectively. Everything that let the overall results to be accurate and precision were the accuracy of the measurements of the samples. INTRODUCTION Density is an intrinsic property which means it doesn’t depends on the amount of a substance. It is defined as the amount of matter (usually as mass) occupying a unit volume. Density is commonly expressed in g/ml for liquids, g/cm3 for solids, and g/L for gases. It can describe the characteristic property of a certain substance. The formula for density is defined as D = M/V wherein M is mass of the material and V is the volume the material occupies. The mass of a liquid or a solid may be taken directly from a balance...
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... | Data Table 3: Mass measurements. | Object | Estimated Mass (g) | Actual Mass (g) | Actual Mass (kg) | Pen or pencil | 5g | 5g | 0.005kg | 3 Pennies | 2.5g | 7.5g | 0.0075kg | 1 Quarter | 2.5g | 5.7g | 0.0057kg | 2 Quarters, 3 Dimes | 17.5g | 18.1g | 0.0181kg | 4 Dimes, 5 Pennies | 16g | 21.6g | 0.0216kg | 3 Quarters, 1 Dime, 5 Pennies | 27.5g | 31.7g | 0.0317kg | Key | 5.5g | 8.3g | 0.0083kg | Key, 1 Quarter, 4 Pennies | 21g | 24g | 0.0024kg | Data Table 4: Liquid measurements. | | | Mass A | Mass B | Mass B - A | | | Liquid | Volume (mL) | Graduated Cylinder (g) | Graduated Cylinder with liquid (g) | Liquid (g) |...
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...Chem 1A Brown 3 July 2014 Density Lab Report Objective: The purpose of this lab was to experimentally determine the density in three different investigations. Prelab procedure outline: What is the Density of an Egg? 1. Obtain the egg and note any observations. 2. Obtain a 400-ml beaker. 3. Add 200-ml of water into the beaker. Record the volume. 4. Place the raw egg into the water and record the volume and any observations. 5. Add NaCl into the water and stir until dissolved. 6. Stop adding NaCl once the top of the egg reaches the meniscus of the water. 7. Determine the density of the egg and the salt solution. Calculations: Beaker = 137g Beaker + Liquid = 337g Mass liquid = 337g – 137g = 200g Density of NaCl solution = 200g / 137mL = 1.46 g/mL Prelab Analysis Outline 1. Subtract mass of empty beaker from mass of filled beaker to calculate mass of liquid. Mliquid=mbeaker+liquid-mbeaker 2. Divide NaCl liquid mass by NaCl liquid volume to find density. D=mliquid/137mL Procedure, Data and Results Obtain egg. Obtained and cleaned 400mL beaker. Weighed the 400mL beaker. 400mL beaker = 137.4635g Filled beaker with 200mL of water. Weighed on analytical balance. Beaker + water = 337g Placed egg in water and noted observations including water displacement. Added NaCl into the solution until the egg floated. Beaker + NaCl solution = 200g Calculated density of NaCl solution. Density of NaCl solution = 200g / 137mL...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Introduction The students work experience scheme (SIWES) is the accepted skill training programme, which formed part of approved minimum academy standards in the various degree programme for all the Nigerian Universities, the programme was for six (6) months and formally at the end of first semester of 300 level and 400 level student. This programme started from July to December it is aimed at exposing students to machines, devices and equipments, professional method, ways of safe guarding, Health and environmental consciousness. 1.2 History of the Establishment/Company O.K. Isokariari and Sons Co. Ltd. (O.K.I.) located at 83 Rivoc Road Trans Amadi Industries Layout Port Harcourt, was established in the year 1970 as a non Limited liability firm which was formally known as O.K construction (Nig.) Ltd (O.K.C.), founding by Chief (Sir) O.K. Isokariara. Following its growth and success, the business I was incorporated as a Limited liability of Company in 1972. O.K Isokariari and Sons (Nig.) Ltd is basically on building and Civil Engineering contractors. Our reputation is based on our professionalizing the capacity to plan, design, construct and building projects to the satisfaction of our clients. Our services includes feasibility studies, design and surveying, construction programming, Reinforced construction programming, Reinforced concrete products (Electric poles, culverts, pipes etc.), construction of road a and bridges, Engineering Services, project Management...
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...are used when scientists need to accurately and precisely deliver small volumes of a liquid. Molecular biologists use very small volumes of liquid at times they are as small as 0.1 µL, in order to do these measurements the use micropipettes. The function of the micropipettes is to act as a plunger when the depressed by the thumb and by its release liquid is drawn into a disposable plastic tip. The liquid is released when the plunger is pressed again (The University of QueensLand). The tip is an important part of the micropipette, each tip is disposable and come in different sizes depending of the micropipette being used. There is three standard micropipettes, the P20 which measures 0.5-20μL, P200 that measures 20-200 μL, and P1000 that measures 100 μL to 1 mL. An important part of this laboratory was learning how to read the meniscus curve. A meniscus is a curve that is formed at the surface of a molecular substance, such as water, when it touches another material (USGS). Meniscus is caused by adhesion, a result of water’s high surface tension. The glass beaker attracts water molecules, and water molecules stay together, as a result many molecules gather to touch the glass. They will accumulate along the sides as far as the water’s cohesive forces allow them and until gravity prevents them to move further. In order to read the true volume of the liquid it is essential the center of the liquid in the lube. The main purpose of this laboratory experiment was to acquire the skills...
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...unit area in a fluid is called what? Pressure 3. True or False: - Static fluids are not subjected to shear force at any time. T 4. True or False: - Normal forces can occur in a fluid whether it is static or Moving T 5. What is the relation between absolute pressure and gage pressure? Absolute pressure can be found from the gage pressure by adding the value of the atmospheric pressure. 6. What formula is used to calculate density of gases? Identify the parameters in the formula p/RT 7. Define specific weight. What is relation to density? Weight per unit volume. Multiply by gravity 8. Because of viscosity, what happens when a fluid tries to flow? It resists and does not flow quick 9. What is kinematic viscosity? The ratio of absolute viscosity to density 10. State the Newton’s law of viscosity and express it mathematically. Change in velocity over distance which velocity changes. Du/dy 11. What is the purpose of lubricating metal hinges? 12. Why does viscosity of liquids decrease with temperature? Molecules are spread further apart 13. Why does viscosity of gases increase with temperature? Molecular activity increases 14. What is an ideal fluid? A fluid that lacks viscosity 15. What is the characteristic of a Newtonian fluid? Fluids which the shearing stress is linearly related to the rate of shearing strain 16. What is the no-slip condition for fluids? Fluid sticks to solid boundaries 17. True...
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...After recording the mass and volume of four types of liquids and an unknown liquid, one must find the density of the samples by graphing the data found. One must also identify the unknown concentration of a saltwater solution by using their graph. Finally, the percent error of the unknown concentration will be calculated where one will evaluate the precision and accuracy of the experiment. Materials: balance, 10.0 mL graduated cylinder, liquid samples: A, B, C, D, and unknown, plastic pipit, safety goggles, computer to record data, paper towels, and water to rinse. Procedure: Put safety goggles on and gather materials listed above. Find the mass of the graduated cylinder alone Choose a sample to start with: A, B, C, D, or unknown, (recommend...
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...Water Density Experiment: Why Does an Egg Float in Saltwater? Abstract The purpose of my experiment is to find out if an object, which would normally sink in tap water, would float when the water density is increased. The object I chose for my experiment is a raw egg. In the experiment, I changed the density of the tap water until I could make an egg float. The simplest way to change the density of water is by dissolving salt in it. I concluded that dissolving 4 teaspoons of salt in 250 milliliters of water is sufficient to float a raw egg. Introduction The goal of my experiment was to test the hypothesis whether adding salt to regular tap water could increase water density enough to make an object to float. The water density concept states that in order for an object to float in the liquid, the density of an object must be less than that of the liquid. According to Charles Ophardt, Elmhurst College (2003), density is defined as a ratio of a material’s mass divided by its volume. The density of tap water is known to be one gram per milliliter. In my experiment, I will demonstrate changing the density of water by dissolving various amounts of salt crystals into 250 ml of tap water until the egg floats. Materials Needed In my experiment, I used the following materials: * 5 clear 400 milliliter containers * 300 milliliters measuring cup * Tap water 250 milliliters per container * 5 raw eggs * Morton iodized salt * 1 tea spoon ...
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