...SME Financing in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects SME Financing in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects Prepared for Arafat Rahman Assistant Professor Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University Prepared by Tanjila Sharmin 201301029 Md. Mourshed Uddin 201303006 Naim Ahmad 201403020 Sayeed Ishtiaque Ahmed 201403027 Md. Sazzad Hossain 201403034 Course Participant BUS 501: Managerial Communication (Section-02) WMBA Program Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University December 20, 2014 Letter of authorization November 23, 2014 Course Participant BUS 501: Managerial Communication The purpose of this report is to familiarize you with the basic techniques and principles associated with writing a formal business report so that you can build and enhance this specific written communication skill. This formal report will be coordinated with a formal presentation session on the topic of the report. At a minimum, your report should include information related to the following issues: Introduction to the Industry/Sector/Area – What is the industry/sector/Area? What is the background of the industry/sector/Area in Bangladesh? Who are the major participants? You may show how the industry/sector/area is contributing to the economic development of the country. In this case, you must use industry-related data for the past three years (at least). In case of export-oriented industries...
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...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role world over in the economic development of various countries. Over a period of time, it has been proved that SMEs are dynamic, innovative and most importantly, the employer of first resort to millions of people in the country. The sector is a breeding ground for entrepreneurship. The importance of SME sector is well-recognized world over owing to its significant contribution in achieving various socio-economic objectives, such as employment generation, contribution to national output and exports, fostering new entrepreneurship and to provide depth to the industrial base of the economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of all economies and are a key source of economic growth, dynamism and flexibility in advanced industrialized countries, as well as in emerging and developing economies. SMEs constitute the dominant form of business organization, accounting for over 95% and up to 99% of enterprises depending on the country. They are responsible for between 60-70% net job creations in Developing countries. Small businesses are particularly important for bringing innovative products or techniques to the market. Microsoft may be a software giant today, but it started off in typical SME fashion, as a dream developed by a young student with the help of family and friends. Only when Bill Gates and his...
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...Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh [pic] [pic] TERM PAPER ON Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh Submitted By: ID- Program- BBA Premier University, Chittagong Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Business Administration. Submitted To: Ms. Nilufar Sultana Lecturer, Dept. of Finance & Banking, Faculty of Business Studies, Premier University, Chittagong. DATE OF SUBMISSION: /09/2012 Letter of Transmittal Date: To Ms. Nilufar Sultana Faculty of Business Studies Premier University, Chittagong Sub: Letter of Transmitter on Term Paper Dear Madam, This is my pleasure to submit my term paper report on “Institutional financing of SME in Bangladesh” which I was assigned. It was a great opportunity for me to acquire knowledge and experience in respect of the functions, procedures and operational activity, other than my topic of study. I have concentrated my best efforts to achieve the objectives of the assignment study and hope my endeavor will serve the purpose. However, I will always be ready to provide any further clarification that you may require. Sincerely Yours, ID# Program: BBA Batch Number: 16 8th Semester Section: Major:...
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...GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs EXPORT IMPACT FOR GOOD © International Trade Centre 2009 The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Street address: ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland +41-22 730 0111 +41-22 733 4439 itcreg@intracen.org http://www.intracen.org Postal address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management, SMEs, Manuals. English...
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...scarce capital, intensive technology, foreign exchange constraints, poor management, corruption and inadequate attention to economic viability and market prospects which has resulted in poor performance of the industries in terms of output and employment (Steel & Webster, 1992). Following an economic recession in the 1980’s which resulted in the retrenchment of workers from the civil service, the rationalization of production in the private sector under the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) was launched in 1983, and the high population growth rate of 2.6% per annum, coupled with the inability of the medium and large scale enterprises to grow and expand over time to absorb the idle labour, the SMEs has become an important option and alternative source of employment. SMEs have been...
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...SME defined by SBP as an entity having less than 250 employees and Rs. 300 million revenues. SMEs account for a substantial part of the economy; there are about 3.2 million enterprises in Pakistan, of which about 3 million (93%) are SMEs. SMEs spread across the economy with varying density: see exhibit 1-A for the sector wise division of SME sector. According to a survey conducted by SMEDA, this sector contributes more than 30% to GDP and 25% to the country’s total export earnings, and employs close to 70% of the labor force in the manufacturing industry, services, and trade. Their share in manufacturing value addition is estimated to be around 35%. Small & medium businesses play a very critical role when economies are transiting from low to middle income levels yet Pakistan has paid less attention to the growth and development of this crucial pillar of economy. Our report mainly focuses on the financial constraint to growth of this sector. Capital requirements: According to SMEDA there’re 800,000 SMEs in Pakistan that are eligible for bank loans. Another 2.4 million potential businesses that can’t qualify for bank loans mainly rely on other sources of finance for their business needs. Approximately 89% of working capital and 75% of fixed investments are financed from retained earnings. (See exhibit 1-B) Remaining financing needs are fulfilled from external sources which include family and friends, bank loans and other small sources as depicted in exhibit 2-A. Despite the...
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...SME financing peaked to nearly Rs. 400 billion in 2008 to Rs. 319 billion in June 2010. The number of SME borrowers has come down significantly to 197,808 constituting only about 5.2% of the total number of the borrowers of the banking industry. Credit gap of Rs. 25 billion is causing various SME closures. Cumbersome procedure and delays: Even after providing collateral the loan approval takes well over 6 months. According to a survey conducted by SMEDA most of the SMEs are denied credit by rejecting their movable/immovable properties other than land as collateral. As small business owners in Pakistan are not well educated, they’re unable to meet the stringent standards of banks. Either SMEs don’t apply for bank loans at all, or if they do (10.7%) they’re more likely to be rejected (75%) as compared to large businesses due to absence of established structures. The cost of credit financing: For SMEs access to risk-sharing credit is also difficult because of high costs. The interest rate spread of banks increased from 3% during 1990’s to 8% by the turn of the new millennium. According to a study conducted by ADB, lease financing represents up to 25% of total fixed investment. The cost of funds for leasing companies averaged approximately 18% per annum which is much higher than for banking sector. The report issued by ADB also identifies the difficulties in obtaining export finance as banks require export letters of credit. SMEs being mostly indirect exporters can’t...
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...Project Task-List CMGT/410 8 August 2013 Myrna Bravo Introduction We would like to thank the staff of PC World in taking the time to learn the new Point of Sales system. The system is much more modern than our last system that the company had and therefore all the users will need the proper training on its current functions. Within the Microsoft Project file you will find each step of the training session to include the preparation. The purpose of this memo is to explain each step along the way. Preparation The initial planning of the meeting will take some extra preparation. The next couple of days will entail gathering information that is necessary on the training staff that will be needed for the two days of training. The Human Resources department will be responsible for providing the list. Along with the preparation we also need to look at the facilities that will be available for the company to use. The list should be reviewed within a timely manner to narrow down the possibilities and setting one location for the accommodations and training room. There are some venues that has helped the company out before so it would be best to reach out to them again and see if they possibly would have any openings. The IT department will be responsible for creating a list of all necessary hardware which will be needed for the training session, during this period. Training Staff Once the list of trainers that will be available for the training session is complete...
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...have had is re-organizing my agenda to be able to assign time for class work. I am forfeiting a little bit of time in those two departments to make time for school. Deciding priorities is done so in a manner of importance. I make a mental list of things I need to complete ranging from top priority to not so important. For instance I rate grocery shopping higher on the list than getting my nails done, or paying rent supersedes paying for college books. Some decisions are more difficult than others but if I can identify its importance I can place it in my mental list. Prioritizing school is as simple as making a plan, rating it in my mental list, and then doing the task. If I implement what I just mentioned school will be a breeze with limited sacrifice and stress. This will result in a higher GPA and will have a "snowball" effect and motivate me to continue to improve as a student. This topic was one that I needed to revisit. I have gone on with my life in a hectic manner and needed to be reminded of the fundamentals of priorities and how that translates into success. My main take away from this topic is obvious but still vital. I will rate events in my head then find an accurate place to put them on my mental list. I think if I can do...
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...Sales and Distribution (SD) Release 4.6C MYSAP.ROLES_S_SD Sales and Distribution (SD) SAP AG Copyright © Copyright 2001 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. Microsoft , WINDOWS , NT , EXCEL , Word , PowerPoint and SQL Server are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM , DB2 , OS/2 , DB2/6000 , Parallel Sysplex , MVS/ESA , RS/6000 , AIX , S/390 , ® ® ® AS/400 , OS/390 , and OS/400 are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. ORACLE is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation. INFORMIX -OnLine for SAP and Informix Dynamic Server Informix Software Incorporated. ® ® ® ® ® ® TM ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® are registered trademarks of UNIX , X/Open , OSF/1 , and Motif are registered trademarks of the Open Group. HTML, DHTML, XML, XHTML are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C , World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. JAVA is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. JAVASCRIPT is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape. SAP, SAP Logo, R/2, RIVA, R/3, ABAP, SAP ArchiveLink, SAP Business Workflow, WebFlow...
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...A gift registry site where people who have a special day or needs can make up a list of product that they would like to receive as gifts or open a cash fund to collect money to buy a product. There are some options for user in order to have a product by using our web site: 1) User can make up a gift list for a special situation. These situations such as birthday gifts, new home gifts, new child gifts, wedding gifts etc. will be varied under a title. User will add these gifts from shopping web sites like Amazon.com. Friends of user can reach to the list and purchase one of the gifts by letting the user know or not as a surprise. Gift will be sent to the shipping address of user. 2) User can open a cash gift fund that includes information about gift with his Paypal account. Fund will be limited by an amount. Moreover, most active gift requests, lists and cash gift funds will be shared on main page, thus interactivity between users and some mainstream situations will leverage the reputation of web site such as getting together of people to collect money for a guy that needs money to marry with his childhood love etc. on social media as well. Gift requests may be shared on social media pages and other personal pages that buyers can reach to lists. Web site will have a sorting speciality of gifts according to prices and importance level that user decide...
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...How to Write a Thesis http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~martins/sen_sem/thesis_org.html How to Write Your Thesis compiled by Kim Kastens, Stephanie Pfirman, Martin Stute, Bill Hahn, Dallas Abbott, and Chris Scholz I. Thesis structure Title Page Abstract Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusions Recommendations Acknowledgments References Appendices II. Crosscutting Issues What We Are Looking For Planning Ahead for Your Thesis Writing for an Audience Skimming vs. Reading Order of Writing Figures and Tables Tying the Text to the Data Giving Credit Final Thesis Resources III. Editing Your Thesis Copy Editing Content Editing Avoiding Ambiguity Thesis Length Writing for an International Audience I. Thesis structure Title Page Title (including subtitle), author, institution, department, date of delivery, research mentor(s) and advisor, their instututions and email adresses Abstract A good abstract explains in one line why the paper is important. It then goes on to give a summary of your major results, preferably couched in numbers with error limits. The final sentences explain the major implications of your work. A good abstract is concise, readable, and quantitative. Length should be ~ 1-2 paragraphs, approx. 400 words. Absrtracts generally do not have citations. Information in title should not be repeated. Be explicit. Use numbers where appropriate. Answers to these questions should be found in the abstract: ...
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...Prakriti Khanal Mr. Andrew Young ENG 111 1/24/2014 “Memories play a confusing role. They make me laugh when I remember the time I cried together! But make me cry when I remember the time I laughed together. They too can make me mad but, for sure, no matter what emotion they carry, they all share a place deep in my heart.” Every moment, when I recall them in my mind, they appear to be fresh. I cannot make myself believe that I already passed those times and will never be in the same time again. A chill runs down my spine awaking all my senses till date when I remember them. I especially remember the time when I was able to make my whole family proud of me. That was the time when I saw my own future as I had wished that to be. Every time I think of it, it takes me on a voyage of happy moments. In my whole life; it is uncountable how many happy moments that I’ve gone through since I was small. Happy moments are something that made us very happy and it is unforgettable. It will never be erased out of our mind and we will always remind of it for the rest of our life. It might happen daily, weekly, monthly and even annually but it really happened. It makes us smile to the ears and sometimes it tears us down. I just can’t imagine how it feels if we don’t experienced all those happy moments. I was staring at the stars shining in the sky. The city was dark due to the scheduled power outage. People in city were in their mid-sleep but I was standing...
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...University of Phoenix Material Writing Resources Part I Complete the following table with at least three writing resources found in the Center for Writing Excellence. Note what the resource is in the first column, where it is found in the second, and how you will use it in the third column. |#Writing resource |Location |How will you use it? | |Plagiarism Checker |Under the Library tab and on |I will use this resource to check all of my papers and any | | |the Center for Writing |written assignments for plagiarism before I turn them in. | | |Excellence tab. | | |Writing Help on Phoenix Connect |Under the Library tab and on |I will use this resource to get help from fellow students as | | |the Center for Writing |well as use the support tools found here. | | |Excellence tab. | | |Tutorials and Guides |Under the Library tab and on |I will use this resource to give me samples of written papers| | |the Center...
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...asdfhosafdioasjfasfdasfdafYou may use the list of brands/categories available at the interbrand website to populate a list for the map. Use the information from c) above to identify average level of knowledge for product ethnicity and extent of BoKYou may use the list of brands/categories available at the interbrand website to populate a list for the map. Use the information from c) above to identify average level of knowledge for product ethnicity and extent of BoKYou may use the list of brands/categories available at the interbrand website to populate a list for the map. Use the information from c) above to identify average level of knowledge for product ethnicity and extent of BoKYou may use the list of brands/categories available at the interbrand website to populate a list for the map. Use the information from c) above to identify average level of knowledge for product ethnicity and extent of BoKYou may use the list of brands/categories available at the interbrand website to populate a list for the map. Use the information from c) above to identify average level of knowledge for product ethnicity and extent of BoKYou may use the list of brands/categories available at the interbrand website to populate a list for the map. Use the information from c) above to identify average level of knowledge for product ethnicity and extent of BoKYou may use the list of brands/categories available at the interbrand website to populate a list for the map. Use the information from c) above...
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