...WORKING PAPER NO. 85 ANTI DUMPING LAW AND PRACTICE: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE ARADHNA AGGARWAL APRIL, 2002 INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS Core-6A, 4th Floor, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110 003 Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................ i I II Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Antidumping Law and Practice : Economic Perspectives .........................................4 II.1 II.2 II.3 II.4 Consumer welfare argument.....................................................................................6 Strategic Trade Policy Argument ...........................................................................21 Optimal Tariff Argument........................................................................................24 Political Economy Argument : Preliminary Evidence............................................29 III Anti Dumping Law and Practice : Legal Perspectives............................................33 III.1 III.2. III.3 Methodological Aspects .........................................................................................33 Other Procedural Issues ..........................................................................................56 Institutional aspects ...................................
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...A Study of Anti-Dumping Duty under Fair Trade Rule：An Application on the Case of China Towels in Taiwan Shu-Yuan Lee, Yung-Ho Weng, Peng-Yin Lin, and Sheng-Ti Hung1 Ⅰ、Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO), its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible, such as agricultural agreement which is to promote fairness on agricultural trade and service. Other rules such as safeguard agreement, tariff estimation agreement and country of origin agreement are to help fair competition and to achieve efficient trading effects. Only in a few circumstances WTO allows limited competition to maintain the goal of fair trade, for examples, anti-dumping policy and balance taxation policy. From the aspect of conventional economic theory, not only Ncoclassical approach nor Strategic approach considered anti-dumping policy as a protection cover to the development of domestic target industries. From the statistic data of WTO, there were about 20 to 30 cases per year for anti-dumping cases; however, this number increased rapidly up to 200 cases per year since 1995 which indicates that protecting domestic target industries has been an important policy notion for each country. Up to 2007, there were 3,220 cases under investigation for anti-dumping. Unfortunately, loose applying anti-dumping measure causes certain damage to export enterprises, including replying complicate investigation process, losing orders and huge amount of money on lawsuit...
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...political background. International investors need to know what elements in a foreign culture have the greatest influence over consumption patterns in general and particularly the consumption behaviour to their specific product. By reflecting on the language, religion, demography, climate, values and beliefs, education, labour, roles of women, family, ethnic groups and other similar elements, the international business person will be able to, not only participate in the international economy with a better perception of the situation, but also be able to cater for the needs of the international buyers. Culture and International Business In everyday usage, the term culture refers to the finer things in life, such as the fine arts, literature, philosophy, and classical music. Under this very narrow definition of the term, the “cultured person” is one who prefers Handel to hard rock, can distinguish between the artistic styles of...
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...country competitiveness: the economic school, which rejects Porter’s notion of country competitiveness, and the management school, which supports the notion of competitiveness at a country level. This article reviews and contrasts the theories pertaining to these two schools of thought with specific reference to trade theories and the ‘theory’ of the competitive advantage of nations originally advanced by Porter (1990a, 1997a, 1998b, 1998c, 2000). Although Porter’s Diamond Framework has been extensively discussed in the management literature, its actual contribution to the body of knowledge in the economic and management literature has never been clarified. The purpose of this article is to explain why Porter’s Diamond Framework is not a new theory that explains the competitiveness of countries but rather a framework that enhances our understanding of the international competitiveness of firms. Key words: Porter, Diamond Framework, international competition, competitiveness of countries, international business, national competitive advantage, country sources of competitive advantage Prof. A.J. Smit is an Associate Professor of International Business, Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa. E-mail: ajsmit@sbleds.ac.za Southern African Business Review Volume 14 Number 1 2010 105 A.J. Smit Introduction “Today [South Africa] is part of a truly global economy....
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...Commerce, Business and Management (IJCBM), ISSN: 2319–2828 Vol. 2, No.4, August 2013 FACTORS AFFECTING THE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES – A REVIEW OF LITERATURE Yoganandan.G & Jaganathan A.T Assistant Professor(s) in Management Studies K.S.R College of Arts and Science Tiruchengode, India Saravanan. R Director and Head, Department of Management Studies Sri Krishna College of Technology Coimbatore, India. SenthilKumar .V M.Phil Scholar in Management Studies K.S.R College of Arts and Science Tiruchengode, India. Abstract The present study aims at reviewing researches conducted in the area of determinants of and factors affecting the export performance of textile industry. The tools used by the various researchers and their findings are studied in order to establish the academic contributions made by these studies to the existing body of knowledge, new models developed and also to highlight method adopted or suggested by researchers for conducting researches in the area of export performance of manufacturing industries with special focus on textile sector in developing countries. The article analyzed researches carried out in China, India, Sri Lank, Bangladesh and Pakistan. These economies are the dominant textile exporters in the international trade. The review highlights that most of the studies have been carried out on establishing the relationship between GDP, exchange rate, labor, capital (FDI) and technology with export performance...
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...Introduction 3 1.1 Research Background 3 1.2 Corporate Social Responsibility in China 5 1.3 Problem Statement 7 1.4 Objectives of Research 8 1.5 Scope of the Research 9 1.6 Research Questions 9 1.7 Structure of Research 9 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.0 Introduction 11 2.1 Corporate Social Responsibility 11 2.1.1 Definition of CSR 11 2.1.2 The Triple Bottom Line 12 2.1.3 The Importance of CSR in Commerce 14 2.2 Social & Environmental Accounting 16 2.2.1 Definition of Social & Environmental Accounting 16 2.2.2 Social & Environmental Accounting 18 CHAPTER THREE: THE STATUS OF SEA IN Chinese COMPANIES 23 CHAPTER FOUR: THE STATUS OF SEA IN FOREIGN COMPANIES 32 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION 38 5.1 Conclusion 38 5.2 Recommendation 39 5.3 Limitation of Study 41 5.4 Suggestion of Future Research 41 REFERENCES 43 ABSTRACT It goes without say that with the increase in globalization and standardization of commercial standards of practices, the manner in with commerce views social and environmental issues vis-à-vis financial reporting has increased. Whereas various contemporary literature seem to suggest or opine differently on the impact that Social and Environmental accounting seems to offer on the greater financial reporting of companies, developed nations are now taking a joint strategy towards ensuring that such is part and parcel of their financial...
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...manufacturing goods. And for the garment industry, China is the largest export country in the world. When we go shopping, we can see a lot of tags about ―made in China‖. Referring to China’s exporting capability in the garment industry, we want to find out why most of international clothing companies choose China as their manufacture market for their production basement. And whether the ―made in China‖ tagged in clothes is influencing consumer behavior or not. Moreover, the authors would like to provide some feasible suggestions on the management for the Chinese garment manufacturers, especially in the labor force problem. Methodology - This paper mainly takes the methodologies of literature review, both qualitative and quantitative analysis in case study, and questionnaire survey. The literatures reviewed here include company articles, academic papers, books, and website information. And in consumer behavior part, we use questionnaire as our research tools. Findings - According to our research, it is clear that many firms choose China as their manufacture manufacturing basement because of Chinese low labor cost. Country-of-Origin (Made in China) affects little in final consumer behavior compared with many other elements influencing consumer behavior in clothes purchasing. The human...
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...Revised version forthcoming in the Journal of International Economic Law WTO Dispute Settlement and the Missing Developing Country Cases: Engaging the Private Sector Chad P. Bown† Brandeis University & The Brookings Institution May 2005 Abstract The poorest WTO member countries almost universally fail to engage as either complainants or interested third parties in formal dispute settlement activity related to their market access interests. This paper focuses on costs of the WTO’s extended litigation process as an explanation for the potential but “missing” developing country engagement. We provide a positive examination of the current system, and we catalogue and analyze a set of proposals encouraging the private sector to provide DSU-specific legal assistance to poor countries. We investigate the role of legal service centres, non-governmental organizations, development organizations, international trade litigators, economists, consumer organizations, and even law schools to provide poor countries with the missing services needed at critical stages of the WTO’s extended litigation process. In the absence of systemic rules reform, the publicprivate partnership model imposes a substantial cooperation burden on such groups as they organize export interests, estimate the size of improved market access payoffs, prioritize across potential cases, engage domestic governments, prepare legal briefs, assist in evidentiary discovery, and pursue the public relations effort required...
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...Volume 3 Number 1 2004 Accounts Manipulation: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework by Hervé Stolowy, HEC School of Management (Groupe HEC), Department of Accounting and Management Control, 1, rue de la Libération, 78351 - Jouy en Josas Cedex, France and Gaétan Breton, Université du Québec à Montreal, Department of Accounting Sciences, P.O.B. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec), H3C 3P8 - Canada Abstract Accounts manipulation has been the subject of research, discussion and even controversy in several countries including the USA, Canada, the U.K., Australia, Finland and France. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature and propose a conceptual framework for accounts manipulation. This framework is based on the possibility of wealth transfer between the different stakeholders, and in practice, the target of the manipulation appears generally to be the earnings per share and the debt/equity ratio. The paper also describes the different actors involved and their potential gains and losses. We review the literature on the various techniques of accounts manipulation: earnings management, income smoothing, big bath accounting, creative accounting, and window-dressing. The various definitions of all these, the main motivations behind their application and the research methodologies used are all examined. This study reveals that all the above techniques have common elements, but there are also important differences...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT ON TWEGAITE EFFORTS FOR BUSOGA DEVELOPMENT By Dr. Bakama BakamaNume, Chair, Busoga Twegaite, Houston, Texas, Dr. Fred W. Alibatya, Chair, Twegaite Inc. – New Jerseyand Mr. John Kizito-Kalema, Chair, Twegaite, Minneapolis, MN. History and Accomplishments Purpose By the time of this report Twegaite has three announced chapters: (1) Twegaite Inc. – New Jersey, (ii) Busoga Twegaite – Houston, TX and (iii) Twegaite – Minneapolis, MN. Twegaite has had two international conventions: Houston, May 22nd – 26th and Minneapolis, May 22nd – 25th. The three chapters are unanimous in purpose and resolve to develop Busoga. Just note that both Houston and Minneapolis made Twegaite truly international. (i) New Jersey Chapter At the May 21st – 25th , 2009 Twegaite second International Convention in Minneapolis, MN, the banquet speaker Betsy Waibi Zikusoka spoke of the history and purpose of Twegaite as a concept and an organization. She also highlighted some of the achievements the organization had scored in specific projects back in Busoga. “I shall try my best to give you the history of Twegaite” she said. “Twegaite came about as a result of a meeting that was held in Princeton Junction, one Sunday afternoon, in October 1998. We figured that as a group the idea of trying to give back to our community in Busoga and Uganda at large was not a bad one. It is a non-political group and the name Twegaite means, "Let's unite." Membership is open to anybody in the world who subscribes...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING RESEARCH &SALES PROMOTION WITH REFERENCE TO CIPLA LTD [pic] A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE Osmania University Hyderabad in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted BY M.RAMBABU (Roll No: 04808140) DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES St.Mary’s P.G COLLEGE Deshmukhi, Nalgonda Dist Andhra pradesh (2008-2010) A PROJECT REPORT STUDY ON MARKETING RESEARCH & SALES PROMOTION Submitted BY M.RAMBABU [Roll. No: 04808140] St.Mary’s P.G COLLEGE Deshmukhi, Nalgonda Dist Andhra Pradesh. In partial fulfillment for the award Of Master of Business Administration DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES St.Mary’s P.G COLLEGE Deshmukhi, Nalgonda Dist Andhra pradesh (2008-2010) DECLARATION I here by declare that the project titled “marketing research &sales promotion WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CIPLA LTD”, HYDERABAD, submitted to ST.MARY’S P.G COLLEGE, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of “Master Of Business Administration” DATE: PLACE: (M.RAMBABU) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The satisfaction and euphoria that I feel after the successful completion of my project would be incomplete...
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...Measuring the Cost of Cybercrime Ross Anderson 1 Chris Barton 2 Rainer B¨hme 3 o Richard Clayton 4 Michel J.G. van Eeten 5 Michael Levi 6 Tyler Moore 7 Stefan Savage 8 Abstract In this paper we present what we believe to be the first systematic study of the costs of cybercrime. It was prepared in response to a request from the UK Ministry of Defence following scepticism that previous studies had hyped the problem. For each of the main categories of cybercrime we set out what is and is not known of the direct costs, indirect costs and defence costs – both to the UK and to the world as a whole. We distinguish carefully between traditional crimes that are now ‘cyber’ because they are conducted online (such as tax and welfare fraud); transitional crimes whose modus operandi has changed substantially as a result of the move online (such as credit card fraud); new crimes that owe their existence to the Internet; and what we might call platform crimes such as the provision of botnets which facilitate other crimes rather than being used to extract money from victims directly. As far as direct costs are concerned, we find that traditional offences such as tax and welfare fraud cost the typical citizen in the low hundreds of pounds/Euros/dollars a year; transitional frauds cost a few pounds/Euros/dollars; while the new computer crimes cost in the tens of pence/cents. However, the indirect costs and defence costs are much higher for transitional and new crimes. For the former they may be...
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...Annual Report 2008-09 Productivity Commission Annual Report Series © COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA 2009 ISSN ISBN 978-1-74037-286-2 1035-5243 This work is subject to copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from the Attorney-General’s Department. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney-General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Canberra ACT 2600. This publication is available in hard copy or PDF format from the Productivity Commission website at www.pc.gov.au. If you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact Media and Publications (see below). Publications Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Tel: Fax: Email: (03) 9653 2244 (03) 9653 2303 maps@pc.gov.au General Inquiries: Tel: (03) 9653 2100 or (02) 6240 3200 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 2009, Annual Report 2008-09, Annual Report Series, Productivity Commission, Canberra JEL code: D The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission, is the Australian Government’s independent research and advisory body on a range...
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...Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 5 MAJOR IMPACTS OF FDI 8 EXPORTS 8 TREND IN EXPORT IN INDIA 9 MAJOR FACTORS THAT AFFECT EXPORTS 10 EXPORT TRENDS AND THE WAY AHEAD 12 IMPACT OF FDI ON EXPORT 12 HOW FDI DRIVES EXPORT 12 IMPACT ON SERVICE INDUSTRY 13 METHEDOLOGY 14 PERIOD OF STUDY 14 SOURCES OF DATA 14 HYPOTHESIS 14 RESULT 15 ANALYSIS 16 IMPLICATION 16 CONCLUSION 16 REFERENCES 18 EXHIBITS 20 FIGURES 23 INTRODUCTION Foreign direct investment is an important part of the economy of every country.It helps expedite the globalisation process. Firms across the world interact with other firms situated in different countries. This results in mutual growth of firms and states. Over the years FDI as a percentage of GDP of world has increased significantly. In 1980 the total stock of FDI equalled only 6.6 per cent of world gross domestic product, while in 2003 the share had increased to close to 23 per cent. This implies that the world economy is getting increasingly interconnected resulting into the flow of goods and capital into developing nations. India has seen tremendous growth in the FDI inflow over the past two decades. By 1997 India became the ninth largest recipient of such investment among the developing economies. Flow of capital and goods has impacted various macroeconomic variables of the economy. Export is one of the variables that gets affected due to the increase in FDI.It has seen...
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...UNIT – I INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS – AN OVERVIEW Content Outline Introduction Definition and meaning of international business Scope of international business Special difficulties in international business Benefits of international business Understanding of international business environment Framework for analyzing the international business environment Summary Review Questions INTRODUCTION One of the most dramatic and significant world trends in the past two decades has been the rapid, sustained growth of international business. Markets have become truly global for most goods, many services, and especially for financial instruments of all types. World product trade has expanded by more than 6 percent a year since 1950, which is more than 50 percent faster than growth of output the most dramatic increase in globalization, has occurred in financial markets. In the global forex markets, billions of dollars are transacted each day, of which more than 90 percent represent financial transactions unrelated to trade or investment. Much of this activity takes place in the so-called Euromarkets, markets outside the country whose currency is used. This pervasive growth in market interpenetration makes it increasingly difficult for any country to avoid substantial external impacts on its economy. In particular massive capital flows can push exchange rates away from levels that accurately reflect competitive relationships among nations...
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