...head: LITTLE ROCK NINE The Little Rock Nine: The Crisis That Shaped a Nation Angela Manjarrez Point Loma Nazarene University Abstract The Little Rock Nine were nine African American students from Little Rock, Arkansas who enrolled at Central High School. No African American student was allowed to enroll in an all White school, until the Supreme Court passed a ruling in which schools would be integrated. It was a trying time for these nine students as they suffered through violence, hate, segregation, humiliation, and fear. Little did they know that their actions during the 1957-1958 school year would mark an important event that changed history forever. They endured massive amounts of pain during their ordeal of mainly trying to get an education. But they received help and support along the way. The Little Rock Nine shaped the educational systems and gave hope to a divided nation at the time. They would grow to be successful individuals and remembered as unsung heroes in Civil Rights history. The Little Rock Nine: The Crisis That Shaped a Nation In 1957, nine ordinary teenagers walked out of their homes and stepped up to the front lines in the battle for civil rights. The “Little Rock Nine” or the “Little Rock Crisis” refers to a time in history in which nine African American students were prevented from attending Little Rock Central High School, located in the southern state of Arkansas. This also took place during the Civil Rights Movement. The Little Rock Nine...
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...How did Little Rock Nine change schools forever? It all started in 1954 when the supreme court decided that segregation in schools was “unconstitutional.” After these events had happened, schools around the country followed their lead. On September 25, 1957, nine African American students walked into an all white school. Doing this made other schools around the US started to think about the segregation laws. There’s always two sides to a story. There were two points of view about the LIttle Rock Nine. The first being how the 9 students entering the school that day. We are unable to even imagine what it felt like to walk through all of the military guards and police officers. The fear of being different, the fear of being hurt. But also the...
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...“I got up every morning, polished my saddle shoes, and went off to war.”-Melba Pattillo. Those are words straight from the mouth of Little Rock High School integrating “lab rats.” She was the kind of warrior that took mental bullets, and dodged them. Almost every white person in that school verbally and even physically abused them. All she wanted was to learn and help her people mix in and create equality with everyone else. When you feel like school is similar to going to war, you must stay within your own thoughts and, like Melba did, keep on fighting for what you believe in. In this case, it is integration at one of the largest schools in the nation- Little Rock High. Melba was not the type to shoot a gun, but she had some weapons that literally kept her alive. The saying, “kill them with kindness,” is exactly her game plan. She is very good at hiding her true emotions from all of the...
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...Immaculate Cleaning Services Twenty River Rock Place North Little Rock, AR 72201 Telephone: (555) 555-5555 Facsimile: (555) 555-5555 www.immaculatecleaningservices.xyz John Doe Smith 2323 Maple Drive Little Rock, AR 72212 Cell: (501) 598-6572 johnsmith@immaculatecleaningservices.xyz Copy #1 Disclaimer: This is a sample plan only. The numbers and information contained are fictitious and should not be used as a resource. Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. Cover Page Table of Contents Executive Summary Financing Proposal Loan Amount Required Terms & Utilization Collateral Owner’s Equity Contribution 1 3 3 3 3 3 V. Company Description Company History & Mission Overview of Products & Services Business Location Legal Structure 3 3 3 3 4 VI. Industry Analysis Industry Description Occupational Outlook Barriers to Entry SWOT Analysis 4 4 4 5 5 VII. Products & Services Primary Services Distribution Channels Pricing Structure & Strategy Sources of Competitive Advantage 5 5 5 6 6 VIII. Market Analysis Service Customers Competition Location Marketing Strategy Customer Demand Forecast for Demand 6 6 7 7 9 10 12 12 IX. Management & Organization Management Responsibilities Advisory Team Employee Position Description 12 12 13 13 X. Operational Plan Methods of Service Delivery Credit Policies Personnel Equipment, Technology & Inventory Legal Exit Strategy 13 13 14 14 16 16 17 XI. Financial Plan & Projections ...
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...Shawntavia Bell Marketing TTh 9:30-10:45 January 27, 2013 Acxiom Corporation Acxiom Corporation is a multitrillion dollar database marketing industry located in Conway, AR. It is said to be the world’s largest commercial database on consumers. The corporation was started in Conway, AR in 1969 by Charles D. Ward. Also, the headquarters are in Little Rock, AR, which is around 30 miles from Conway, AR. It process more than 50 trillion data transactions a year from consumers. This industry of databases contains information from 500 million active consumers worldwide, with about 1500 points per person; which majority are adults in the United States. In the year 2012, it was profit of 77.26 million dollars on sales of 1.15 billion dollars. In 2012, they had 6,200 employees working for the corporation. Some of Acxiom customers are big banks such as Wells Fargo & HSBC, other companies such as Toyota, Ford, Macy’s, and many more. Acxiom started out like any other marketing corporation with newspapers, television, and radios. But then new technology came about. Acxiom now market through social networks and media. Social networks such as Twitter and Facebook allowed Acxiom to not only reach out to the consumers but to the public as well. Acxiom regulate and take part in all data assets, on behalf of data from many foundations to guarantee accurateness. Invalid or incomplete information is exchanged, giving the consumer the right information to make the right decisions. Acxiom...
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...During this discussion I will be discussing W.E.B. Du Bois and Little Rock Nine and how each topic he shaped African American History. W.E.B. Du Bois William Burghardt Du Bois; better known as W.E.B. Du Bois, was born on September 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts in a community which was predominately white. There were about 5,000 whites to 50 blacks. Born to Mary and Alfred Du Bois, he was raised to believe that hard work was the key to success. In 1884, he graduated from high school at the top of his class, made up of thirteen people with him being the only African American. Even though Du Bois could not attend Harvard as he always dreamed was excited to be accepted into Fisk University. It was an all-black university located in Nashville, Tennessee. His response to being accepted into Fisk was, “I was going into the South; the South of slavery, rebellion, and black folk; above all, I was going to meet colored people of my own age and education, of my own ambitions.” (Himan, 2005) Attending Fisk was a risk for Du Bois. He was not exposed to this sort of treatment and was shocked at how unrestricted whites were on how they treated African Americans. The more he discovered about the injustices African Americans suffered, the prouder he became of his own heritage. He graduated from Fisk with honors and received a scholarship to attend Harvard. During his years at Harvard he developed the theory racism was caused by ignorance. In 1895, he was the first...
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...Little Rock High School, now Central High School National Historic Site, is a national emblem of the often violent struggle over school desegregation. Parting the Waters author Taylor Branch calls the Little Rock crisis "the most severe test of the Constitution since the Civil War."Three years after the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision, which officially ended public-school segregation, a federal court ordered Little Rock to comply. On September 4, 1957, Governor Orval Faubus defied the court, calling in the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine African American students--"The Little Rock Nine"(Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, Dr. Terrence Roberts, Carlotta Walls Lanier, Minnijean Brown Trickey, Gloria Ray Karlmark, Thelma Mothershed-Wair, Melba Pattillo Beals )from entering the building. Ten days later in a meeting with President Eisenhower, Faubus agreed to use the National Guard to protect the African American teenagers, but on returning to Little Rock, he dismissed the troops, leaving the African American students exposed to an angry white mob. Within hours, the jeering, brick-throwing mob had beaten several reporters and smashed many of the school's windows and doors. By noon, local police were forced to evacuate the nine students. Edward Bouchet (1852-1918) was the son of a former slave who had moved to New Haven, Connecticut. Only three schools there accepted Black students at the time, so Bouchet's educational opportunities were...
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...* The Little Rock Nine were the nine African-American students involved in the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School. Their entrance into the school in 1957 sparked a nationwide crisis when Arkansas governor Orval Faubus, in defiance of a federal court order, called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the Nine from entering. President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the National Guard and sending in units of the U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division to escort the Nine into the school on September 25, 1957. The military presence remained for the duration of the school year. * Before transferring to Central, the Nine attended segregated schools for black students in Little Rock. Carlotta Walls, Jefferson Thomas, and Gloria Ray attended Paul Laurence Dunbar Junior High School, while Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Thelma Mothershed, Terrence Roberts, Minnijean Brown, and Melba Pattillo attended Horace Mann High School. * On May 24, 1955, the Little Rock School Board adopted a plan for gradual integration, known as the Blossom Plan (also known as the Little Rock Phase Program). The plan called for desegregation to begin in the fall of 1957 at Central and filter down to the lower grades over the next six years. Under the plan, students would be permitted to transfer from any school where their race was in the minority, thus ensuring that the black schools would remain racially segregated, because many people believed that few, if any, white...
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...A Community Assessment of 71601 Kiona Okoro Arkansas State University Pine Bluff, Arkansas is the second oldest city in Arkansas. It is also the largest city and county seat of Jefferson County. The city of Pine Bluff was founded by Europeans on a high bank of the Arkansas River heavily forested with tall pine trees. The high ground furnished settlers a safe haven from annual flooding. Joseph Bonne, a fur trader and trapper of French and Quapaw ancestry, settled on this bluff in 1819. In 1829, Thomas Phillips claimed a half section of land where Pine Bluff is located. Jefferson County was established by the Territorial Legislature, November 2, 1829 and began functioning as a county April 19, 1830 (Wikipedia, 2014). The city prospered due to cotton production in 1860 and had one of the largest slave populations in the state. The city was devastated by the Great Flood of 1927 and the severe drought of 1930. The Army built the Pine Bluff arsenal and Grider Field in 1945. Major construction projects during the 1960s and 1970s were Jefferson Hospital (now Jefferson Regional Medical Center), a Federal Building, the Pine Bluff Convention Center complex including The Royal Arkansas Hotel & Suites, Pine Bluff Regional Park, two industrial parks and several large churches. In the late 1980s, The Pines, the first large, enclosed shopping center, was constructed on the east side of the city. The mall attracted increased...
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...A phenomenal young girl named Ruby Bridges were six years old when she became the first African American child to integrate into an all white Elementary School. She was escorted to class by her mother and U.S Marshals due to the violent mobs. When she entered the school, she immediately spent the entire day in the principal’s office and did not have the same opportunities as the other students. This little girl faced many obstacles but she continued to exhibit bravery when being ostracized, threatened by others, and surrounded by racist. The young child were ostracized by many of the teachers, administrators, and students. Barbara Henry, the only teacher who agreed to teach Ruby, was new and greeted her with open arms. The six year old girl was Mrs. Henry’s only student because parents withdrew their children from her class and sent them to other schools. She ate isolated during lunch time and had no friends at home because they were not allowed to play with her because of where she attends school. Moreover, Ruby was ostracized or secluded inside and outside of school. The girl was threatened harshly by the people of public. On her second day of school, a woman threatened to poison her, so she only chose to eat...
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...The Little Rock Nine were the nine African-American students involved in the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School. Their entrance into the school in 1957 sparked a nationwide crisis when Arkansas governor Orval Faubus, in defiance of a federal court order, called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the Nine from entering. President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the National Guard and sending in units of the U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division to escort the Nine into the school on September 25, 1957. The military presence remained for the duration of the school year. Before transferring to Central, the Nine attended segregated schools for black students in Little Rock (Pulaski County). Carlotta Walls, Jefferson Thomas, and Gloria Ray attended Paul Laurence Dunbar Junior High School, while Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Thelma Mothershed, Terrence Roberts, Minnijean Brown, and Melba Pattillo attended Horace Mann High School. On May 24, 1955, the Little Rock School Board adopted a plan for gradual integration, known as the Blossom Plan (also known as the Little Rock Phase Program). The plan called for desegregation to begin in the fall of 1957 at Central and filter down to the lower grades over the next six years. Under the plan, students would be permitted to transfer from any school where their race was in the minority, thus ensuring that the black schools would remain racially segregated, because many people believed that few, if any...
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...In Week 1, we learned of the first of three murders that took place along the river walk in Canyon City. A little over a year later, the Arkansas Valley River Walk Killer would soon be tried for her crimes. On June 7th, 2012, local joggers discovered the first body along the Arkansas Valley River Walk. On June 16th and 24th, 2012, two more murders would take place. All three victims were male, and they all died as a result of gunshot wounds from close range. The police were swamped with calls from frightened residents. In total, over 400 calls were received regarding the case. The Arkansas Valley River Walk is a popular area for running and walking along the Arkansas River. The small community was gripped by fear, and the police were under a lot of pressure to solve the case. Every lead was followed up on, resulting in many dead ends. However, two witnesses stepped forward with information that led police to the eventual capture of the defendant, Amy Smith. A later interview with the defendant's roommate also uncovered more information. Witness #1: The first witness, an ex-boyfriend of the defendant, contacted police in July. His statement included the following. Earlier in the year, he and Amy had gone on a few dates. He decided it was not working between them and broke it off. Amy started to stalk him at that time, but he did not feel her actions rose to the point of police notification. However, he was concerned about her mental state and contacted her roommate...
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...“Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.” The famous innovator, Thomas Edison, could not have summed up perseverance any better (INSERT CITATION). I define perseverance as the ability to continue on one’s path despite the obstacles that are thrown in the person’s way. The perfect example of perseverance would be a hurdler in the sport track and field. The event's objective is to proceed past all of the obstacles that are placed in the hurdler’s way. Whoever can reach to the finish line the fastest is dubbed the title of winner and awarded a medal or ribbon. Most people avoid participating in hurdle events because of their fear of stumbling over the hurdles. Surprisingly, when competing in hurdle events there is no penalty for hitting or knocking over the hurdle, but often times, when a runner stumbles over a hurdle he or she decides not to finish the race. For those runners that decide to continue the race, they demonstrate true perseverance. Pain, humiliation, discouragement, and anger are all emotions that can be associated with messing up during a race, but suppressing all of those emotions in order to continue towards the finish line takes great strength. Without finishing the race, the runner is not able to know if he or she had what it took to push through and win the race. Life’s failures are just as important as successes. Winning is a wonderful accomplishment, but winning is not everything but “Winning is...
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...One of the most common and important heroes in black history is Melba Pattillo. Although you don't hear about her individually, I know you have heard of the Little Rock Nine; Melba, along with Ernest Green, Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, Gloria Ray-Karlmark, Carlotta Walls, Thelma Mothershed, Terrence Roberts, and Jefferson Thomas, all kings and queens in their own right, lives changed drastically when they stepped foot onto Central High School campus. Melba Pattillo is a inspiration to me because not only was she a outcast and target in the school, she along with the other eight students who segregated the school were bullied everyday. Between facing hostility, persecution and being bullied, Melba endured a lot daily. She even got...
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...Alright losers, sit your butt down, Imma ‘bout to tell y’all a story. Elizabeth Eckford, a member of the Little Rock Nine, got ready for her first day at Central high on September 4, 1957. However, she did not realize at the time that she would make the front page of the newspaper and get the world to notice what was happening in Little Rock. The Brown v. Board of Education case required schools to integrate. This was tough for most schools, mainly schools in the south. The first southern school to integrate was Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Elizabeth was one of the Little Rock Nine, a group of nine, African-American students that were the first of their race to enroll into Central. Their story was so intriguing that reporters from across the...
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