...TRENDS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC LNG INDUSTRY CONTENTS SUMMARY …………………………………………………………………........... 3 1. INTRODUCTION .………………………………………………………………... 4 2. TRENDS IN ASIA PACIFIC LNG TRADE ………………………………………. 4 3.1 LNG Consumption & Demand – Importing Countries …………………... 4 3.2 LNG Reserves, Production & Supply ……………………………………. 5 3.3.1 Type of Contracts ………………………………………………… 5 3.3.2 Exporting Countries ……………………………………………… 6 3. FUTURE OUTLOOK ……………………………………………………….. 7 4.3 Demand & Import Infrastructure ……………………………………….. 7 4.4 Supply & Production Infrastructure ………………………………..…… 9 4. CONCLUSIONS …………………………………………………………… 9 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………… 10 SUMMARY The demand for LNG has grown globally in the recent times and it has grown even more rapidly in the Asia Pacific region where many countries rely solely on imports for all of their gas needs. Gas now accounts for more than a quarter of world’s primary energy consumption. With an increasing emphasis on the environmental issues and the need for cleaner energy, the LNG market is expected to expand at even higher rate in the coming years. This increased demand will put a lot of pressure on the suppliers to explore new fields for development and to enhance their existing production capabilities so as to retain their market share. The purpose of this short essay is to assess the LNG market trends and future outlook...
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...The Exportation of U.S. LNG: An Abundance of Shale and Construction of New Export Terminals Section 1: Introduction The shale boom experienced by the United States since the mid-2000s ushered in unprecedented production and reserves estimates of oil and gas in the lower 48 states. This sustained supply and production has been a result of technological advancement, particularly improved techniques in hydraulic fracturing, has kept prices for natural gas extremely low while crude oil prices have fluctuated and changed over time. One reason for this is the different nature of exportation in the two hydrocarbons. As will be discussed below, the transportation and exporting of natural gas is much different than for crude oil. Natural gas must undergo a liquefaction process in order to travel by specialized cargo ship, the alternative to a pipeline, which adds substantial costs to the activity. There are currently no operational natural gas export terminals in the lower 48 states, but a few are under construction. The large sunk costs will be a large part of our consideration of the exportation of natural gas. The U.S. has traditionally been a net importer of gas, and considering the high upfront costs of building export terminals, the sale of American gas has been isolated almost exclusively to the domestic market. The only exception to this has been to export natural gas only where existing pipelines can carry it, which has limited foreign export to North America....
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... 3 Overview 4 Conclusions 8 References 9 Summary The major difference of the natural gas market, which sets it apart from the truly global oil market, is that the former has historically been developed with respect to the regional supply bases. This was primarily defined by existing technology for natural gas transportation and availability of other energy resource: primary oil and coal. Sharp increase of oil prices and global concern with availability of oil reserves; growing awareness of the fossil powered industry influence on the environment, introduction of LNG and GTL technologies had significant impact on the natural gas market share, demonstrating recently double digit grows in consumption for all regions except Western Europe. This script will address the key differences between the natural gas markets in Asia, Europe and North America. Overview 25% average share of natural gas in the global energy balance is distributed unevenly throughout the regions: 35% of energy consumed by Europe, 27% by North America and only 11% by Asia-Pacific come from natural gas (BP, 2012). For some countries like Russia and Iran natural gas share in the overall energy balance is even high, up to 60%, which demonstrates that natural gas is still marketed based...
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...DeVry University Gorgon “An Emerging Australian Icon” Dia Coleman July 14, 2014 DeVry University Gorgon “An Emerging Australian Icon” Dia Coleman July 14, 2014 Table of Contents * Executive Summary – Page 3 * Company Description – Pages 3-4 * Strategic Focus and Plan – Pages 4-7 a. Vision Statement b. Mission Statement c. Goals * Situation Analysis – Pages 7-15 a. SWOT Analysis b. Industry Analysis c. Competitor Analysis d. Company Analysis e. Customer Analysis * Market-Product Focus – Pages 15-17 a. Marketing and Product Objectives b. Target Markets c. Points of Difference d. Positioning * Marketing Program – Pages 18-21 a. Product Strategy b. Price Strategy c. Promotion Strategy d. Place Strategy * Financial Data and Projection – Page 21 a. Past Sales Revenues b. Five Year Projection * Organizational Structure – Pages 22-24 * Implementation – Page 24 * Evaluation and Control – Pages 24-25 * Bibliography – Page 26 Executive Summary Chevron Corporation’s (CVX) core business provides their customers with fully supportive administrative and financial management dealing with the integrated petroleum, chemicals, and coal mining segment of the Integrated Oil sector. Despite volatility in commodity prices, depressed financial and debt markets, and political...
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... BHP hopes to open up Olympic Dam Approval would mean world's largest open-cast mine AUSTRALIA'S largest underground mine will become the world's biggest open-cast mine if BHP Billiton's plans to expand its Olympic Dam operation in northern South Australia gain regulatory approval. The draft environmental impact statement for the project, now on display for a threemonth consultation period, envisages creating a pit roughly 3 km by 3 km and up to a kilometre in depth. The company says the mine's annual production of copper concentrate and uranium oxide would increase four-fold to 2.4m t ard 19,0001 respectively if the expansion reaches full capacity. Gold production would rise eightfold to 800,000 ounces annually with silver production rising almost fourfold to 2.9m ounces. The plan also requires construction of a desalination plant on the Spencer Gulf to supply the mine with up to ?00m l/d of water via a 320 km pipeline and 8Cm l/d for the public water grid. Other components include either a 270 km electricity transmission line from Port Augusta or a gas pipeline from Moomba and a new gas-fired power station, a 105 km rail line, a new airport capable of handling Boeing 737-800s, additional port facilities in South Australia and the Northern Territory, and a riew accommodation village for workers. Operations at the existing underground mine would continue while the new open pit will take an estimated five years to reach its projected size. An existing smelter would be expanded...
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...Mixed Fluid Cascade Process- Liquefaction process Overview The mixed Fluid Cascade Process is a process which was developed by Linde/statoil LNG technology Alliance. It was implemented in order to reduce the cost and construction time of producing the plant. (Berger,E, Forg, W...2003 pg 12) The process is a single train 4 million tpy LNG plant (Shukre,F and Wheeler,F 2004 pg 3). The main factors of introducing this process to be used in Northern Australia is because it consists of a better procedure and strategy required for the production of LNG, it costs less to assemble the plant with the equipment purchased in order to liquefy the gas and also construction time is reduced (Berger,E, Forg, W...2003 pg 12). Not only can it be economically effective but it is also environmentally friendly. Description /Procedure The below diagram is of how the mixed fluid cascade process operates. The referigerents are made up of methane, ethane, propane and nitrogen (Shukre,F and Wheeler,F 2004 pg 3). Firstly, the natural gas (fed stream) comes in from the top and goes through three mixed refrigerants cycles (red stream). The pre-cooling cycle (green stream) consists of a mixture of Methane and Propane which is compressed in C1 according to the below diagram. It then is liquefied (purple stream) in sea water cooler C1 and sub cooled (blue stream) in E1A (Forg,W, Bach,W, Stockmann,R… 1999 pg5). One part is then throttled to an intermediate pressure and used as refrigerant...
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...Europe and North America, each has a different market structure resulting from the degree of market maturity, the sources of supply, the dependence on imports and other geographical and political factors. (MIT, 2011) These regional markets set natural gas prices in different ways: 1. The U.S. has gas-on-gas competition and open access to pipeline transportation and manages risk through spot and derivatives markets. 2. The European market relies more heavily on long-term contracts with price terms based on a mix of competing fuels, e.g., fuel oil, and access to their pipeline is restricted; and 3. Asia uses crude oil as a benchmark for natural gas prices (News, n.d.) and favors long-term contracts; this structure has kept LNG prices in Europe and Asia high relative to other regions. (MIT, 2011) These market features, along with the availability of domestic natural gas resources and geopolitical interests, establish the boundary conditions for the development of global natural gas markets, at the same time that significant price disparities between regions create greater interest in such a market. (MIT, 2011) The US natural gas market is the most mature of the three, (MIT, 2011) aided by the recent shale explosion, the US now supplies their own demand and has become self-sufficient in natural...
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...3/30/2016 Expertly Written Sample Assignment on Demand and Supply Concept Order Now Login/Signup Search for Question, Subject, Course Name SERVICES » Free Samples » Demand and Supply of Certain Resources in Australia and Factors Other Than Price Which Affect Demand and Supply Demand and Supply of Certain Resources in Australia and Factors Other Than Price Which Affect Demand and Supply Question- How Demand and supply of certain resources in Australia and factors other than price which affect demand and supply? Contents Introduction Mechanism of Demand and Supply Analysis of demand and supply of certain resources of Australian Market: Conclusion Refrences Introduction Demand and supply are two important tools of micro economic analysis. Demand refers to how much quantity of a product is desired and purchased by a buyer at a given pricehttps://myassignmenthelp.com/freesamples/demandandsupplyofcertainresourcesinaustraliaandfactorsotherthanpricewhichaffectdemandand… 1/6 3/30/2016 Expertly Written Sample Assignment on Demand and Supply Concept level, where supply of a product represents how much quantity of a product that a market can offer at a given price-level. Demand and supply of a product depends on different factors. Demand of a product (suppose, X) depends on the price of that product (PX), price of the related commodities, consumers’ income, population or number of consumer, test and preferences of consumers...
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...APLNG Project HSEMP Plan AUSTRALIA PACIFIC LNG HEALTH, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (HSEMP) Electronic documents, once printed, are uncontrolled and may become outdated. Refer to the electronic document management system (EDMS) for the current revision. Bechtel Confidential © Bechtel Oil, Gas and Chemicals, Inc. 2011. All rights reserved. This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary to Bechtel or its affiliates, clients or suppliers, and may not be used, reproduced or disclosed without Bechtel’s prior written permission. 0 5/21/11 A Issue for Use Issued for Review REV DATE RSB CM BS REASON FOR REVISION BY CK’D APPR BECHTEL Client Acceptance JOB NO. 25509 OG&C, INC. Document Number Revision 25509-100-GPP-GHX-00001 0 AUSTRALIA PACIFIC LNG PROJECT Client Doc No.: Page 1 of 82 Bechtel Confidential. © 2011 Bechtel Oil, Gas and Chemicals, Inc. All rights reserved. APLNG Project HSEMP Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 5 2. HSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................................................................ 6 3. PURPOSE ................................................................................................................ 6 4. SCOPE .......................................................
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...#1 Alaska Sees Asia Driving Annual $20 Billion Via Pipeline This article by Edward Klump on Bloomberg.com discusses the market of natural gas that Alaska’s North Slope has in reserves and the need of this valuable commodity in regards to the countries of Asia, especially China. The state government of Alaska and large natural resource and exploration companies including Exxon Mobile Corp, BP Plc., and ConocoPhillips are currently planning construction of the transportation pipeline and the facilities needed to compress the natural gas into liquid and ship it to their potential consumers. The article states that this venture would generate as much as $20 billion in annual LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) sales. The 800-mile pipeline project from northern Alaska to a southern port may cost $20 billion to $26 billion; about three times as much as TransCanada Corp.’s Keystone pipeline proposal to link Canada’s oil to the U.S. Gulf Coast, according to a 2010 estimate of the Alaska project. Industry estimates have also pegged Alaska’s Liquefied Natural Gas total project cost at $40 to $50 billion, factoring in a pipeline and liquefaction plant. (Klump 2012 Paragraph 9-10) Alaska’s marketing of the reserves to the lower 48 states has been slowed by technological advances in the process of fracking to obtain natural gas within the continental US. Fracking is the process of drilling deep into shale strata and fracturing the material to release the natural...
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...Energy Security in India Important facts regarding energy generation capacity and the energy mix for India Source | Percentage | Coal | 57 | Hydro | 18.6 | Renewable | 12.25 | Gas | 8.9 | Nuclear | 2.2 | Oil | 0.56 | Sector | Percentage | State | 40 | Central | 29 | Pvt | 29 | 1. Energy is the prime mover of a country’s economic growth. Availability of energy with required quality of supply is not only key to sustainable development, but the commercial energy also have a parallel impact and influence on the quality of service in the fields of education, health and, in fact, even food security. 2. According to a report by IEA (International Energy Agency), India needs to invest a total of 800 billion dollars in various stages by 2030 to meet its energy demand. India accounts to around 2.4% of the annual world energy production, but on the other hand consumes 3.3% of the annual world energy supply. And this imbalance is estimated to surpass Japan and Russia by 2030 placing India into the third position in terms of annual energy consumption. Therefore, after summing up all the energy issues, energy security has been identified as the only tool to overcome the energy concerns. 3. According to Integrated Energy Policy, for a 9% growth over a sustained period, imports of crude oil in 2031-32 may be between 362-520 million tonnes with import dependence of 91%-94%. For natural gas, it may be 25-135 (Mtoe), which means an import dependence of 20%-57%...
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... John Mark Ammugauan COUNTRY ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA BACKGROUND OF INDONESIA Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising 13,466 islands. It encompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with an estimated population of over 252 million people, making it the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia's republic form of government comprises an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP. The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought the now-dominant Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize...
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...26.59 11.03.00 15.06 0.02 Key Ratios Exxon Mobil Corporation, Key Ratios P/E EV/EBITDA Return on Equity (%) Debt/Equity Operating profit margin (%) Dividend Yield SWOT Analysis Exxon Mobil Corporation, SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Improvement in Financial Performance Extensive Research & Development Activities Geographical Diversification Pending Litigations Note: Above ratios are based on share price as of 01-Aug-2012 Source : GlobalData Share Data Exxon Mobil Corporation, Share Data Price (USD) as on 01-Aug-2012 EPS (USD) Book value per share (USD) Shares Outstanding (in million) Source : GlobalData 86.91 8.42 32.61 4,875 Opportunities Development of New Energy Supplies New Products and Capacity Expansion New LNG Projects Threats Water Contamination Concerns Stricter Regulation for Deep...
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...economic . We all know Australia is very rich in resources and energy. China is Australia’s largest resources and energy market, with exports worth over $88 billion in 2013-14. including iron ore, gold, crude petroleum oils, and liquefied natural gas and bauxite China’s demand for high-quality beef is growing rapidly, driven by a growing middle class. beef will be the fastest-growing import sector in China. Australian beef exports to China totalling worth $ 787 million in 2013. This was up from 93,000 tonnes (worth $ 408 million) the previous year – more than a 73 per cent increase in 12 months. Australia has a high international education. There fore china is already Australia’s largest education services export market, worth $4.1 billion in 2013-14. Australian higher education providers will benefit from improved recognition by prospective Chinese students, enabling them greater access to China’s higher education market. . China has high ratio of working age with cheap labour, China is also known as the world's factory, so it takes advantage of the manufacturing industries. Therefore, China exports mainly clothing, telecommunications equipment and components, computers, toys, prams and sporting equipment.[16] Japan is a very important market and supplier for Australia. Japan is Australia’s largest market for beef, with exports totalling $1.4 billion in 2013-14 and we are their largest supplier . In 2013, Australia's major exports to Japan included LNG (estimated at approximately...
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...ABSTRACT Trans- Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) is now sound familiar to Malaysia, this is because that countries is one out of the twelve countries that involve in that agreement. The goals of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a much-delayed but significant trade agreement between 12 countries in Asia-Pacific and the Americas pushed by the US are increasingly becoming clearer after ongoing talks reveal some of the intentions Washington is pursuing with this pact. The highlighted of the agreement is to increase in import growth is projected to outpace increase in export growth, as the reductions in import tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTM) are larger for Malaysia relative to the other TPPA countries. According to The New York Times, economists are sharply split over the positive and negative effects of TPP, and both "opponents and supporters of the trade accord have quickly seized upon whichever analysis buttressed their own views. ECIPE has said in 2014 that TPP "will be the first ‘competing’ economic integration that is large enough to have a considerable negative impact on Europe. In the long-term, the negative effects will come from dynamic impact, e.g. on investment, productivity and competitiveness". Pascal Lamy called the TPP ‘the last of big old-style trade agreements’. It has said to be a negative impact on the oil and gas sector whose share of GDP is 12 per cent. PETRONAS stands to benefit very little from TPPA as 74 per cent of its exports are to non-TPPA...
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