LO1 Understand Complimentary therapies that can be used by users of health and social care.
P1
Complimentary therapy means a different or alternative way of treating or preventing illness without the intake of drugs which involves healing practices.
Classification of complimentary therapies.
Physical therapy: This is a type of therapy which involve es exercises and other physical activities done on the body to improve health. This physical therapy includes;
Acupuncture: this a physical therapy that involves the use of fine pins inserted in the skin at specific points along the meridians. This therapy adjusts the body energy flow into healthier patterns.
But if the acupuncturist is not a qualified one then aim of the acupuncture might not be obtained. There are twelve primary acupuncture meridians that flow throughout the body, these acupuncture flow one into another; coupled together like two end of a hose. These paths ensure an even flow throughout the area of the body. Acupuncture points are locations along the meridians where the energy in that meridian merges and can be accused and affected. The effect of a point is done through stimulation with needles inserted into the defined location. Stimulation of the point is done through by the application of mechanical actions; heat or slight electrical micro-current can be applied on the needle.
Before acupuncture is done the acupuncturist examines the patient first and asses the condition of the body. It is also recommended for patients who do not respond to treatment but can be dangerous for patients with bleeding disorder as well.
Advantages
* It regulates blood pressure. * Stabilizes blood flow around all part of the body. * Helps to live a stronger and healthier life * A good solution for weight loss. * Increase roper metabolic activity.
Disadvantages
* It involves piercing of the body. * The therapist should be well trained and expert in the field. * The needles might not be sterilized. * Treatment could be costly. * It cannot cure physical aliment.

Massage: Massage therapy is the manipulation of the soft tissues of the body for the purpose of controlling those tissues and consists of manual techniques that include applying fixed or movable pressure, holding, and/or causing movement of or to the body. I t affects the circulation and the flow of blood and reduces muscular tension and increase the ease of movement.
Apart from the hands the forearm and elbow can also be used for massages as well because it involved applying pressure. The massage therapist receives information via his or her hands about the individual’s body such as locating area of muscular tension. More than one technique is used by the massage therapist to ascertain each discover each persons needs
It also enhances he nourishment of the skin, reduces level of anxiety and promotes ae relaxed state of mind for mental awareness.Sometimes people are concerned that massage may leave them too relaxed or too mentally unfocused.
There is also a message called aqua massage which is a bit different from the normal manual massage it is based on therapeutic use of water pressure, there are also different method of aqua-massage like jet massage in the air and underwater massage.
Advantages
* Improves joint mobility * Reduce muscular tension. * Improve blood circulation * Reduce pain. * Improving lymphatic drainage.
Disadvantages
* It can cause derma bruising. * It can cause internal bleeding to hemophilic patients. * The pressure can cause rapture to blood vessels. * The person can develop allergies to the oils used. * It can cause muscular cramps.
Reflexology: it is a method of relieving pain by stimulating redefined pressure points on the feet and hands; reflexology may be as effective for promoting good health and for preventing illness as it may be for relieving symptoms of stress and illness. Before reflexology is done a reflexologist will ask of some medical history of the person, lifestyle and diet. It cleanses the body from toxic material making the body healthy which improves the functioning of the immune system.

Reflexology promotes healing by stimulating the nerves in the body and encouraging the flow of blood. In the process, reflexology not only subdues the sensation of pain, but relieves the cause of the pain as well which is an advantage. It has side effects as well; when pressure is reapplied to the tender points of the foot during the second session, the sensitivity has been heightened. This increase in sensitivity may cause minor additional discomfort for the patient.
Advantages
* Gives relief in stress. * Help improve digestion functioning. * Relieve depression * Improves skin tone and heals skin disorder. * Reduces anger and irritability.
Disadvantages
* It is very expensive. * Applying pressure at wrong places can cause more It problems. * It does not guarantee the cure of some serious diseases. * It is risky o older people * When the pressure is high is creates pain near the pressure point.

Cognitive therapies: it is a short term of psychotherapy based on the way we think about things and we feel emotionally. Cognitive therapies include the following;
Neuro-linguistic programming:Is a method of influencing brain behaviour through the use of communication methods and languages to enable the person now the way he responds to stimuli, it is used to change the limiting beliefs of patients about their prospects of recovery from a wide variety of medical condition. It helps changing lifestyle like smoking and used treat allergies. It has improved relationships and communication performance. Although in some cases trainers and practitioners have little experience in its use for healing. Neuro-linguistic programming has been used to change the limiting beliefs of patients about their prospects of recovery from a wide variety of medical conditions including AIDS.
Advantages
* It enhances the performance of individuals. * It influences the person to communicate to others. * Helps in self-motivation
Disadvantage
* Lacks of evidence have led to its criticism.

Cognitive behaviour therapy: It is an action-oriented type of psychosocial therapy that assumes faulty thinking patterns causes negative emotions and maladaptive behaviour. It focuses on changing the thoughts of the person in other to change the individuals emotional state and behaviour which is accompanied with distress. It is a recommended treatment option for a number of mental disorders, used as a tool to deal with chronic pain for patients with illnesses such cancer. Although, it is not suitable for some patients especially psychotic patients.
Advantages
* Can be completed within a short period of time compared to other therapies. * Manages problems like anxiety an depression. * Effective in treating some mental health disorders.
Disadvantages
* Does not address wider problems in systems or families that often have a significant impact on an individual’s health and wellbeing. * It may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties.
Hypnotherapy: Hypnotherapy is the treatment of a variety of health condition by hypnotism or by inducing prolonged sleep; it is an alternative treatment for a wide range of health conditions, including weight control. Hypnotherapy is used for non-medical patients as well as those who wish to overcome bad habits. Hypnotherapy has been shown to help those who suffer from performance anxiety, such as in sports, and speaking in public. Hypnotherapy can have negative outcomes like when used as entertainment, people have been hypnotized to say or do things that would normally embarrass them and also many religions do not condone the practice of hypnotherapy.
Expressive therapy: it includes;
Art: it encourages people to convey and appreciate emotions through artistic expression and through the creative process. It involves several benefits like;
Self-discovery which triggers an emotional relief.
Personal fulfilment which builds confidence and foster feelings of self worth
Empowerment by visually expressing fears that cannot be expressed through predictable means.
People with illness like brain damage may have problems with self discovery depending on their level of functioning.
Music: it is designed to help patients overcome physical, emotional and social challenges it also helps to relax, reduce stress, improve mood. However, it has physical effects like brain function physically changes in response to music. The rhythm can guide the body into breathing in slower, deeper patterns that have a calming effect. Heart rate and blood pressure are also responsive to the types of music that are listened to. Mental effect like the type and style of sound, music can either sharpen mental perception.
Medicine bases therapy: it includes;
Homeopathy: it is the use of drugs for predictable medicine to oppose or counteract the symptom being treated. Homeopathy is generally a safe treatment, as it uses medicines in extremely diluted quantities; it is also effective in treating many conditions like colds and flu. The healing crisis, which happens when the patient is undergoing treatment, may also cause the patient to feel worse before feeling better. Some patients can experience emotional disturbances like weeping or depression, if concealed emotional problems led to the illness in the first place..
Flower remedies: Flower remedies are specially prepared flower essences, containing the healing energy of plants. They are prescribed according to a patient's emotional nature it mainly affects energy levels rather than chemical balances. Flower remedies have rare appearance of a slight rash; it is sometimes tricky to pinpoint an individual's emotional disposition.
Herbalism: it is the treatment of ailments using plant remedies; it is more commonly used to treat chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and asthma. Multiple factors such as gender, age, background, education and social class are also shown to have association with occurrence of herbal remedies use. Herbs are available without a prescription; some simple herbs can also be grown, Herbs cost much less than prescription medications. Although, because herbal products are not tightly regulated, consumers also run the risk of buying lesser quality of herbs and many herbs do not come with instructions or package inserts. There's a very real risk of overdose.

P2
Why complimentary therapies have to be regulated?
This is to ensure that practitioners are properly qualified and to ensure that they practice in a safe and principled way because if no one by legal practitioners it might make the situation of the patient worst and aggravate it and to find out whether a treatment is effective
A principle, rule, or law designed to control or govern conduct or 1.a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
It is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring devotion to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could harm others.
They are group of bodies they provide membership services and promote the interests of people working in professions; approved or recommend courses that meet professional standards, provide a route through to the professions or are recognized by employers.
British wheel of Yoga
It is the national governing body of yoga in the UK; it was established in 1965 to support and further professional knowledge and understanding about yoga also to inform and strengthen the evidence base for yoga in an unbiased way.
The British Wheel of Yoga aims to encourage and help all persons to a greater knowledge and understanding of all aspects of yoga and its practice, by provision of study, education and training, and to maintain and improve the standard of teaching of yoga. The BWY co-operates with and supports other organizations having similar aims.

The General Regulatory Council for complimentary Therapies
Regulation and registration of complementary therapists in the UK is voluntary self-regulation. This means that there are no laws in place to protect the public from unqualified therapists. For the past ten years and in accordance with recent government references, the various professional associations in each therapy have been working together to agree standards and requirements for each type of complementary therapy.

Practitioners on the National Register agree to abide by a Code of Professional Conduct & Ethics, are answerable to the GRCCT Complaints and Disciplinary techniques, maintain their training and knowledge with continuing professional development and have in force professional security and public liability insurance.

NICE Guidance

NICE was originally set up in 1999 as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, a special health authority, to reduce variation in the availability and quality of NHS treatments and care. They produce evidence based guidance for those providing commissioning health, public health and social care services. Developing quality standards and performance for those providing and commissioning health, public health and social care services. Providing a range of information services for practitioners across the range of health and social care.

General Medical Council regulations and guidance
This is an independent organization that protects patients and improves medical education across the UK because every patient should receive a high standard of care. Their role is to help achieve that by working closely with doctors, their employers and patients make sure that the trust patients have in their doctors is fully justified. * They decide which doctors are qualified to work here and we oversee UK medical education and training. * They set the standards that doctors need to follow, and make sure that they continue to meet these standards throughout their careers. * They take action when we believe a doctor may be putting the safety of patients, or the public’s confidence in doctors, at risk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Medical_Council Nursing and Midwifery Council
It was set up in 2002, to protect health and well-being of the public. It maintains the register of all nurses and midwives eligible to practice within the UK. It sets and reviews standards for their education, training, conduct and performance.
The role of this council includes; * To protect the health and wellbeing of the public * To set standards of education, training, conduct and performance so that nurses and midwives can deliver high quality healthcare consistently throughout their careers * To ensure that nurses and midwives keep their skills and knowledge up to date and uphold the NMC’s professional standards, and * To have clear and transparent processes to investigate nurses and midwives who fall short of the NMC’s standard.

Health and care Professionals Council
The role of this includes approving education and training programs which health and care professionals must complete before they can register, maintain a register of people who successfully complete such programs and take action if standards are not met. It has the legal power to make recommendations to the health secretary on the regulation of new groups.
Also, they * maintain and publish a public register of properly qualified members of the professions; * approving and upholding high standards of education and training, and continuing good practice; * investigating complaints and taking appropriate action; * working in partnership with the public, and a range of other groups including professional bodies; and * Promote awareness and understanding of the aims of the Council.

P3
LO2 Understand the role of complimentary therapies in relation to conventional treatments.

Claire had arthritis in her feet which made her unable to walk; she has been having this pain for quite a while and this made her so depressed because people around her had to do things for her and she could not even tell how it all started or what caused it. She then went to the G P first and then to the doctors in a specialist hospital; He gave her some medication that could stop her feet from getting swollen. She was really scared of taking the internet because she searched the internet and there were so side effects of these medications which made her so scared to take them, she then went back to the doctor and asked if there is not alternative therapy for her swollen feet then doctor advised her to go for reflexology. She went and was told that she would need to go for six sessions. The reflexologist asked her series of questions and asked why her feet were swollen but could not give a reason why her feet were swollen she was then told that it was going to take time for the swollen feet to get normal.
On the first day, Claire went for the therapy as it was been carried out the reflexologist told her to let her know if she feels any pain when pressure is been added to her feet. Few minutes later she complained of pains around her toes and the therapist worked on her pressure point.
Coming back for the second session, Claire was asked some certain questions of how she felt after the first session of the therapy and her reply was that she felt a little bit of relieve but all though to feet still hurt. The reflexologist told like she said before is going to be a gradual process, so the second sessions was done and according to Claire felt less pain she could lift her legs a little bit and stand and walk without feeling much pain as she use to before. These sessions carried until it got to the fifth sessions by then her feet had already reduced in size she could even walk, the last session which was the sixth Claire was very excited about the outcome of the reflexology therapy and was to be conscious of the fee in case of any effect but there was none and also no reason for her to return.

2. Tanya works in a care where she takes care of the elderly, she goes through lot of stress during work and gets home feeling body pains always. After few weeks of enduring the pain thinking with time she would get over it, she almost passed out at work because the pain are getting too much and makes her very tired and depressing.
Her friend advised here to go for a massage to compliment the medication she might have to take at the doctors. Getting to where the massage is been done she was asked to explain how she feels so they could know what type of massage could be done to ease her pains. After like two sessions of the massage the pain still did not stop. This made her even more frustrated because she thought her pains had no remedies; she was then directed to a doctor for medical treatment since complimentary treatment did not work
She was given drugs to help her pains subside and also asked to take some time off work probably for a week to have enough rest, few days later; Tanya took a week off work. Two days after taking her drugs and having enough rest she felt relieved of the pains and was beginning to regain herself again and came back to work the flowing week pains free and happy.

This shows that complimentary therapy does not work on everybody; it depends on the body of individual just like Tanya it did not work put it did for Claire’s because they are two different people with different conditions.

Conventional treatment is a system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. They include;
Medication: a substance used in treating disease or relieving pain also sin the maintenance of health and prevention diseases. Medication tends to look at the individual part that is not functioning instead of the whole person
Advantages: it has a rapid onset drug action; Medicine does not need to pass though the digestive system and the circulatory system to reach its target and won’t be wasted by the digestive system..
Disadvantages: • There is a risk of accidentally double-dosing and also If you need to adjust the dose of one of the active ingredients, it can be more complicated than if you were taking the individual medicines as separate tablets.

Chemotherapy: The main purpose of chemotherapy is to kill cancer cell and is used the cancer has spread itself all over the body of the person. Chemotherapy kills cells that have broken off from the main tumor and traveled through the blood or lymph systems to other parts of the body, there are different types of chemotherapy such as Alkylating drugs which kill cancer cells affecting the DNA, Antimetabolites it interferes in the production of DNA and steroid hormones which stops the growth of cancer. Chemotherapy can be administered in different ways; through injections, orally (by mouth), catheter and topically. Advantages: It controls the over spread of cancer, at the early stage of cancer after the surgery chemotherapy is followed as well to reduce the risk of reoccurrence. Also it enhances survival and ensures a better quality of life.
Disadvantages: it has unpleasant side effects such as nausea, hair loss and extreme discomfort, some chemotherapy regimen can lead to death in a small group of patients and one needs to understand these grave consequences before starting the treatment.

Surgical intervention: the treatment of injuries or disorders of the body by incision or manipulation, especially with instruments. It is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a extreme condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.

Advantages: Less need for pain medicines with fewer drug side effects
Disadvantages: The healing process is slow compared to taking drugs and this slows down day to day activities

External splints and traction: A splint is a device used for support or immobilization of a limb or the spine. It can be used in multiple situations, including temporary restriction of potentially broken bones or damaged joints and support for joints during activity. A traction splint most commonly refers to a splinting device that uses straps attaching over the pelvis or hip as an anchor, and a mechanical device to apply traction (used in an attempt to reduce pain, realign the limb, and minimize vascular and neurological complication) to the limb. Traction splints are most commonly used for fractures of the femur. For these fractures they may improve pain and decrease the amount of bleeding which occurs into the soft tissues of the leg.
There are two groups of traction splints:

* The Thomas half-ring group, which includes the Thomas splint, the modified Thomas splint. * Non-half-ring group, which includes the Sager splint Advantages: Tractions helps to reduce pain before surgery, treat bone deformities and correct a muscle contracture
Disadvantages: People who are suffering from skin disorder cannot go under skin traction also People with an inflammation of the bone should not undergo skeletal traction

Alternative treatment: Are any of various systems of healing or treating disease (as chiropractic, homeopathy, or faith healing) not included in the traditional medical curricula of the United States and Britain.
Advantages: Alternative medicine can be beneficial to a person’s overall well-being by helping a person to relax and reduce stress band also can be less expensive.
Disadvantages: The different methods are not applicable to all kind of diseases and sometimes it causes damages to the health more than curing it.

Alternative therapies | Short term effects of alternative therapies | Long term effects of alternative therapies (over 6 months) | Physical effects of alternative therapies | Psychological effects of alternative therapies | Palliative effects of alternative therapies | Acupuncture: this a physical therapy that involves the use of fine pins inserted in the skin at specific points along the meridians. This therapy adjusts the body energy flow into healthier patterns. | It helps to relief from pain, nausea and dizziness.It awakens your self-healing capabilities.Feeling extra sensitive or tear-prone in an acupuncture session, or in the days that followFeeling extra sensitive or tear-prone in an acupuncture session, or in the days that follow. | Where acupuncture needles get inserted can feel sore after needles are removed.Sometimes bruising is the result of a hematoma | The need le might snap inside the person’s skin and damage some internal tissues or body cells. | At times after few sessions it helps to treat stress. | Relieve in stress makes the condition of the heart a lot healthier and the blood pressure stable. | Massage: it is the scientific manipulation of the body tissues to make the tissues normal by using manual techniques | It helps in muscle tension, churning gut, racing thoughts, irritability and increased heart rate. Reduce energy reserves leaving one physically and mentally exhausted | Prolonged stress can depress immune function and increase blood pressure.This happens because the mechanism known as flight or fight allows us to draw on energy when we need It helps the digestive system, it also increase joint flexibility, blood circulation. | Waste products in muscles can often cause pain. Massage helps reduce this in many ways including releasing the body’s endorphins. | The body switches to survival modeIncreases tissue permeability and elasticity.Breaks down scar tissues as well and stretch muscle fibers | It quite sympathetic nervous system and helps the body to relax | Reflexology: system of massage used to relieve tension and treat illness, based on the theory that there are reflex points on the feet, hands, and head linked to every part of the body. | Feelings of relaxation, comfort, or wellbeingYawning or sleep – this is often described as surprisingly refreshingTiredness“Tingling” sensationsSlightly reduced body temperature as a result of relaxation | Immune system boost through reduced stressFeeling of increased energy | Causes the pores in tissue membranes to open, enabling fluids and nutrients to pass through. This helps remove waste products such as lactic acid and encourage the muscles to take up oxygen and nutrients which help them recover quicker. | Balances body systemStimulates creativity and productivityAnd improves vitality | It benefits emotional anxiety and depression | Neuro-linguistic programming it enhances the healing process by changing conscious and sub conscious beliefs of patients | It helps to cope with stress/stress management, anger management, anxiety, improving performance, pain management; the list is endless. | It helps changing lifestyle like smoking and used treat allergies. has improved relationships and communication performance | It enhances change in behaviorIt gradually affect the anxiety in Children | Cults and similar groups now use it to arouse emotions or even as post hypnotic triggers to control behavior. | Helps in self-motivationIt is emotional distress on adults | Cognitive behavior therapy: It is an action-oriented type of psychosocial therapy that assumes faulty thinking patterns causes negative emotions and maladaptive behavior | It leads you to feel more anxious for a short time. | It helps treat stress disorder and also sleeping sickness and treat illness that have last longer than expected | Helps to treat health issues that are physical | If you are feeling low, it can be difficult to concentrate and get motivated. | It helps individual out of vicious circle and also helps in improving positive attitude | Art: it encourages people to convey and appreciate emotions through artistic expression and through the creative process, art therapist help to simplify emotions that are compound | Those who cannot verbally express their feelings they use art to express it and art also helps to improve self-esteem. | It helps those with learning disability.It aids to communicate with people without altering a word. | It helps the patients feel like someone can feel or experience what they are going through | Self-esteem is improved | Stress is reduced | Hypnotherapy: is the treatment of a variety of health condition by hypnotism or by inducing prolonged sleep; it is an alternative treatment for a wide range of health conditions, including weight control | It helps to cure skin diseases and lose weight | It helps stop habits, the positive side of it is that hypnosis will not work until you want it to. | It helps in thinking ability and also helps in anxiety issues | It does not work with everyone especially those with personality disorder. | In issues like mental disorder or illness alike cancer the hypnotherapist should be well trained before allowed to work on the person | Homeopathy: it is the use of drugs for predictable medicine to oppose or counteract the symptom being treated | It helps before with hay fever, asthma and allergies to food | It can help treat arthritis and high blood pressure. It can also treat malaria but there is no real prove about that. | There is no evidence to back up homeopathy has a physical or mental effect but it is said that is cures ear infection. | Some patients can experience emotional disturbances like weeping or depression | It helps in stress management | Music: it is designed to help patients overcome physical, emotional and social challenges it also helps to relax, reduce stress, improve mood. However, it has physical effects like brain function physically changes in response to music. | Helps to reduce depression and help people with eating ailments | Communication skills are improved as well as emotional stress. | Individuals feel like someone understand them | Help patients with depression and also helps to improve emotional state. | Stress management | Flower remedies: Flower remedies are specially prepared flower essences, containing the healing energy of plants. | There is no exact short term effect but sometimes it might not work | It helps to get over the feat of falling ill | It has no side effects and also help to avoid other physical effects | It helps get rid of negative feeling | It helps people with feeling of envy and revenge get over such thoughts | Herbalism: it is the treatment of ailments using plant remedies; it is more commonly used to treat chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and asthma. Multiple factors such as gender, age, background, education and social class are also shown to have association with occurrence of herbal remedies use | It includes remedies like minerals and amino acids used to supplement normal diets | it helps to quicken healing process | It helps in respiratory problems like asthma and also in blood circulation | Helps in conditions like anxiety, high blood pressure, nervous system and in some cases fertilities | Herbs help to maintain good health and reduce weakness due to too much work |

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