...UGANDA LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ASSOCIATION (ULGA) THE NATIONAL BUDGET 2010/2011: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS A Presentation by the Ag. Secretary General ULGA, to the State of Nation Platform 2 July 2010 1. INTRODUCTION: The National Budget was presented to the nation by the Minister of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Hon. Syda Bbumba on Thursday 10th June 2010. ULGA as the representative body for the local governments is carrying out a detailed analysis of the budget. Below are some of the critical issues to note: 2. OVERALL BUDGET PRIORITIES: In line with the National Development Plan (NDP)2010-2015, whose theme is “Growth, Employment and Socio Economic Transformation for Prosperity”. The Budget this year focuses on the following priorities: • Infrastructure development in roads and energy. • Promotion of science, technology and innovation to facilitate value addition and employment. • Enhancing agricultural production and productivity. • Private sector development and • Improving public service delivery. Suffice to note that Decentralization remains the key policy of the NRM Government in implementing the NDP. The spending in local governments is largely aligned to government priorities of Education, Health, Agriculture, Transport, Water and Good Governance. As such, financing the local governments...
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...A Strong Central Government Throughout the history of American politics, there has been a power struggle between states' rights versus federal rights. Some citizens feel as if the state and local government should have more power while others feel that the federal government should dictate most issues. I believe that state, local, and federal governments each have a role. I believe that Washington should have greater power to dictate national policy, but I do not think that will happen. Throughout history there has been a battle of the states' rights versus federal rights. Our federal system is designed to allow states to experiment with different policies. This means that new social or economic policies can be tested for those states who may want the new policy. According to the 10th Amendment of the Constitution, "Powers are not delegated to the federal government...and are reserved to the states, respectively, or to the people (Harrison, 2010). The Constitution has set a balance between state rights and federal powers; however, the states are limited because no state law is superior to federal law (The Question Of). For example, California allows the use of medicinal marijuana, but it is against federal law. In order to obtain ratification of the Constitution, Federalist agreed to the Bill of rights. The Bill of Rights limited federal government powers and any other powers were given to the state. The composition of the Supreme...
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...The Facts Behind King Corn The documentary King Corn does an excellent job introducing us to the perils and problems with our industrial food system that are centered on cheap corn. However, it also tends to sidestep the main beneficiaries who drive and thrive off our current farm programs: corporate agribusiness. Why are farmers dependent on subsidies? New Deal Forced Agribusiness to Pay Farmers Fairly. As King Corn outlined, the government during the New Deal attempted to bring supply into line with demand, an approach known as “supply management.” This was accomplished thru the use of conservation set-asides, a price floor guaranteeing a fair price for corn (similar to a minimum wage), and a grain reserve to deal with overproduction. Farmers did not need to rely on the government for a fair income. They received it from the marketplace. Prior to the New Deal, the “free market” approach to agriculture caused economic booms and busts as farmers suffered continued depressed prices for their crops. This led to the rise of the Populist Party and other agrarian movements whose ideas were finally implemented with the New Deal. Agribusiness Had Lobbied for Decades to Allow the “Free Market” to Determine Prices. Beginning in 1973, policy changes promoted by Nixon Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz deregulated the corn market. He dismantled supply management policies, selling off government storage bins used as food security reserves and implemented “fencerow to fencerow” planting....
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...INTRODUCTION TO LOCAL GOVERMENT IN MALAYSIA Local government is the grass-root in the government hierarchy of Malaysia. There are three branches of government in Malaysia, namely Federal, State and Local. The position of local government in Malaysia is stated in Federal Constitution. By virtue of items 4 and 5 of Ninth Schedule of Federal Constitution, local government outside the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya (latest) is a subject under the State List. All local authorities outside the Federal Territories directly under the exclusive jurisdiction of States Government. This mean local State Government have wide powers to control the local authorities and to ensure their effectiveness and efficient. 1.1 Definitions Local government can be defined as follows: Local Government is subsystem operating within or among a number of other subsystems. Higher government gave its one body handled on local issues that represent the power whether from federal government or state government, which has limited autonomy in terms of financial and administration, have power to sue and sued by others and have legal property1 Ministry of Housing and Local Government Local Government is infra. Sovereign, Geographic Sub-Division of a Sovereign nation or Quasi Sovereign Nation, exercising the power of jurisdiction in a particular area.2 Dilly M Hill 1 Government of Malaysia, 1970. Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry to Investigate into the Working of Local Authorities...
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...The United States is very proud of the fact that we have lots of options and our grocery stores are able to stock their shelves with lots of options so that we are able to purchase what we want; that means food items too. We like to plan our meals in advance and then go to the grocery and buy the items we need for those meals. We can also just pick out items that are readily available and then plan our meals around those items. What we usually don’t do, is think about where those items come from. Some of the items may come from here in the United States and some may come from other counties. There could be good things and not so good things come from items produced inside and outside of the United States. One of the good things is that the items that are produced and used in the U.S. help our struggling economy. An example of this would be milk that is produced from cows and collected at a farm and brought to a pasteurization plant where it is processed. Since milk spoils so quickly it’s usually sent to a plant that is fairly close to the farm. They test the milk for antibiotics and then it’s pumped into holding tanks and processed in 24 to 72 hours of the time it gets to the plant. It is kept under 45 degrees from the time it gets into the transportation truck until the time it’s processed. After it’s processed it is put in cartons and taken to the store still being kept below 45 degrees. Milk is never shipped to other countries because of the fact it needs to be...
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...The System of Public Administration in Poland In a general sense, the ‘administrative system’ may be defined as the totality of the principles of organization and operation of public administration. In a narrow sense, the administrative system is usually taken to mean an organizational system or structure based on law, within the framework of which public administration functions, and also the operational mechanism of the entire structure and its parts. In addition, it includes functional connections, rules and methods of proceeding designed to guarantee flawless operation of the entire system and its segments. A. Central Administration Central administration constitutes an important segment of the administrative apparatus situated on the highest level of its organizational structure. It includes a fairly complex organizational and functional mechanism composed of various organs, offices, agencies and institutions {e.g., governmental agencies or special funds) set up to fulfill the respective tasks of public administration throughout the entire country. The shape of this mechanism is outlined in general terms by the Constitution and specified in more detail by ordinary legislation and executive orders issued on a statutory basis. Central administration is internally diversified. It is divided into two basic segments, the political-governmental and the administrative-executive. To distinguish these two principal components of the central apparatus, they are traditionally...
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...LOCAL AGENDA 21: MALAYSIA INTRODUCTION Local Agenda 21 (LA21) is a programme to forge partnership between Local Authority, private sector sector and the local communities that serve to work together, to plan and care for their surroundings towards sustainable development. The programme is based on Agenda 21 which is global action plan towards development for 21st Century resulting from Earth Summit at Rio De Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992. THE OBJECTIVES OF LOCAL AGENDA 21 PROGRAMME 1. To expose the local community and private sectors to the sustainable development issues. 2. To clarify the roles of sustainable development are our responsibility. 3. To conclude that the strategies and LA21 action plans are based on local sustainabledevelopment issues. 4. To implement the LA21 action plan in the form of sustainable development projects. LOCA L AGENDA 21 IN MALAYSIA The pilot programme aims at promoting sustainable development at the local level by creatingand strengthening participation between local authorities, local communities and the privatesector. Four councils were selected from both the urban and rural sector: Urban Sector Petaling Jaya Muncipal Council,Miri Municipal CouncilKuantan Municipal Council. Rural Sector Kerian District Council ANALYSING MALAYSIA L A 21 There are 5 elements in Malaysia LA21 project: 1.Formation of Partnership 2.Community based Issues Analysis 3.Action Plan 4.Implementation...
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...general history of local government, three distinct periods present themselves for consideration which are during pre- British, British and post- Merdeka period. During the pre-British period, there is no local government. The political units were divided into three which are ‘Negeri’ or State, ‘Jajahan’ or Daerah and ‘Kampong’ or Village. In State, the Head of State was the Ruler that responsible for foreign relationship, welfare and act as a leadership in external wars with the help of his kinsmen in the Royal lineage and by executive assistants . The second tier of political unit is known as ‘Jajahan’ or ‘Daerah’ that have the Chief acting as a leader for district that responsible for the local government administration such as revenue collection, defence and justice. ‘Kampong’ or ‘Village’ was the last tier of political unit. However, for ‘Kampong’ it was actually more of social and economic unit rather than political unit. The head of ‘Kampong’ was known as “Penghulu” that act as the messenger for the villagers to the district. Local government election was first initiated during the British occupation. Malaysia inherited a British legacy in terms of local government objectives and style and has been influenced deeply by the British precedent . During its formative stage, the laws governing the local authorities in Malaysia mostly were based on English laws. Local government authorities in Malaysia have developed through time. The first states to form local government were...
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...Delivering Health Outcomes in Partnership Sharon Raine Head of Organisational Planning Darlington Borough Council Research Problem Responsibility for Public Health has returned to the Local Authority after almost 40 years, what has changed? New duties give soft governance but no hard powers DoH estimates that long term conditions account for 69% of health and social care spend, but what impacts most on the health status of the population and how successful are local strategies? Darlington has an ageing population with service demand rising Local government is facing unprecedented budget cuts, is the Public Health Budget an easy target Does Darlington have effective leadership and influence to ensure partnership delivery? Aims and Objectives Aim: To establish how Darlington Borough Council can work as part of a partnership in order to effectively achieve health outcomes within the current economic climate Objectives: To evaluate the changing role of local authorities with regards to public health over the last 40 years To analyse the effectiveness of local authority partnerships and strategies in achieving health outcomes within local communities To critically review the impacts of the current economic climate upon local authorities achieving health outcomes within local communities To establish future partnership strategies for the successful achievement of health outcomes within Darlington Academic Sources Full Academic Reference Coster, C., Mays, N...
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...purpose is to generate a profit for the owner while providing services to the public. 2. Sources of Revenues-A for-profit business’s source of revenue is its net income (total revenues (sales)-total expenses). A government’s source of revenue is mainly from taxes. 3. Potential for Longevity-State and local governments rarely go out of business, because they are given the ability to tax. For this reason, governments view accounting operations on a long-term basis instead of short-term. Governments focus on maintaining services and how to meet future demands. 4. Relationship with Stakeholders-Since a Governments main source of revenue is taxes, which are paid by citizens; they are required to account for these public funds. Whereas a business can use its resources as it chooses. 5. Role of Budget-Business’s prepare a budget for planning and control purposes and are normally not provided to creditors or investors. Governments on the other hand, prepare a budget which is expressed as a public policy, which prevents spending outside their budgetary authority. 1-3. Identify and briefly describe the three organizations that set standards for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. 1. FASAB-(Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board) Provides accounting and...
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...community members, and other organizations to do minor repairs and clean-ups on their schools in preparation for the start of the school year. This week-long event began in 2003 as part of the Oplan Balik Eskwela Program and National Maintenance Week of the Department of Education(DepEd). It encourages volunteers give out their time, effort, and even donate materials such as paint, cement, lumber and other materials, which could be used for minor repairs and building. Donations from local corporations and businesses are given in kind. Minor repairs are usually done before the opening of classes. Maintenance work such as the repainting of the roof and exterior walls, repair of leaking water pipes, ceiling boards, broken furniture and windows, cleaning of toilets, and gardening are done by volunteers with the help of donations in kind from non-government organizations and corporations. As early as February, school heads recruit volunteers who would participate in the brigade, by March, they would approach local businesses for donations, then organize work groups by April. It is usually held two weeks prior to every year's opening of classes. 1.2.1 EFFECTS OF BRIGADA ESKWELA As a positive effect of Brigada Eskwela, teachers can start their classsroom instruction on the first day of classes, for they will no longer require their students to clean their rooms, or hire somebody just to prepare the classroom and other facilities. Thus, an increase in the number of students...
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...University of Phoenix Material Government Comparisons Matrix Based on the readings from State and Local Government, review and summarize how each issue is managed at the state and local levels. Write 50 to 70 words for each response. |State |Local |Federal |How these entities | | | | |cooperate | |General |When it comes to general |Obviously, the local form|The federal government |These entities cooperate in| |Responsibilities |responsibilities, there |of government has an |has control over both the|that they set plans and | | |is not much difference |utmost responsibility to |state and local |itineraries for how they | | |between these forms of |the citizens. All money |governments when it comes|will attack the general | | |government, except the |that is spent is used for|to general |responsibilities within | | |size of the area that is |the best interest of all |responsibilities. When |each state and in the | | |covered. The state |citizens. Being local, |state or local government|United States as a whole. | | |government is responsible|it is the smallest form |are committing an act |They work...
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...Government Roles and Finances in Education [ 1 ] Running Header: GOVERNMENT ROLES AND FINANCES IN EDUCATION Government Roles and Finances in Education Alisha Ware – Roberson Grand Canyon University Education Foundation and Framework 11-25-2010 | Roles in Public Elementary and Secondary Education | Local | * Uses property tax revenues as a significant funding source * Provided governing body for the operation of a school district is the school board. * Set up and uses Parent-Teacher Organizations to amplify family participation * Responsible for involving students with disabilities in education by providing transportation, occupational or speech therapy, and counseling * Are responsible for the hiring of teachers, administers and other staff members * Sets salaries for district employees * Provides in-service training for employees * Adopt policies and regulations for the operation of schools. * Allocates budgets to different schools/programs * Oversees building construction/maintenance | State | * Have been required to develop and expand existing student assessment systems * Provide technical assistance to schools in need of improvement * Responsible for making rules regarding students with disabilities * Establish guidelines for curriculum * Administers Federal Education Policy * Charter/license schools * Set number of school days * Create school health/safety laws * License/certify teachers * Grant subsidy...
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...Unilever claims that corporate social responsibility, including environmentalism, is at the heart of its business. However, the transition to a responsible and sustainable company is an ongoing process. Unilever has attracted some criticism from activists on not achieving the high aims and goals the company has communicated publically and internally. Despite the criticisms, Unilever has been at the forefront of its industry to initiate processes and create transparency in in its operations, especially regarding the environment. Even in its infancy, Unilever had difficulty balancing ideals with business goals. Unilever's founding companies produced products made of oils and fats, principally soap and margarine. At the beginning of the 20th century their expansion nearly outstripped the supply of raw materials. In an effort to reduce increasing costs due to World War I and growing limitations on supplies, former business rivals join forces, at first in the form of trade associations. These companies set up negotiations intending to prevent others from producing the same types of products but instead they merge to create Unilever. After struggling through the Great Depression and World War II, one of the main products companies were trying to develop was detergent. Soaps are made of materials found in nature and are break down naturally in the environment. A big drawback from using soap is that the minerals in water react with those in the soap, leaving an insoluble film...
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...MINI-CASES The DSL service is the digital subscriber line. It provides a high speed data transferring through traditional point to point telephone line. There are different kinds of DSL available; two of them are very common to see today. The first one is called the ADSL, it is also the same one that our mini case told us- “a cost of $60 per month for 1.5 Mbps down and 384 Kbps up”. For the local loop, the ADSL also has a maximum distance up to 18000 feet long. Another type of DSL is called the VDSL. It has a short distance but with a high speed rate up to 51.8 Mbps. The Cable modem service is the service that runs through the TV cable with the shared multipoint circuit. The users actually will share the available capacity that the actual service giving, at the same time all data within the circuit will go to all users` computer. The DOCSIS is a dominant standard; there is no standard data rate yet. However, according to the book: “Typical downstream speeds range between 1 Mbps and 10 Mbps, and typical upstream speeds range between 256 Kbps and 1 Mbps.” (Dennis & Fitzgerald; chapter 4, 2009). And as we knew already, the capacity is shared amount those users who are using it at the same time. The last option is the Wireless DSL service. Two most common types of fixed wireless system are “Wireless DSL” & “WiMAX”. Both of them are going to need a single line-of-sight circuit between transmitters. And the wireless DSL could be point to point or multipoint. The multipoint...
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