...MOTHERFUCKING STEAM ENGINES BITCH TOP INTRO Brief History of the Steam Engine One of the most significant industrial challenges of the 1700's was the removal of water from mines. Steam power was used to pump the water from the mines. Now, this might seem to have very little to do with modern steam-powered electrical power plants. However, one of the fundamental principles used in the development of steam-based power is the principle that condensation of water vapour can create a vacuum. This brief history discusses how condensation was used to create vacuum for operation of early steam-based pumps, and how James Watt invented the separate condenser. Although the cyclic processes presented in this history are not used in today's continuous flow steam turbines, current systems use separate condensers operating at sub-atmospheric pressure, adapting the principles explained here. Also, the stories of the inventors and their inventions offer insight into the process of technological discovery. One of the most important principles applied in the operation of steam power is the creation of vacuum by condensation. Savery Pump In the early days, one common way of removing the water was to use a series of buckets on a pulley system operated by horses. This was slow and expensive since the animals required feeding, veterinary care, and housing. The use of steam to pump water was patented by Thomas Savery in 1698, and in his words provided an "engine to raise water by fire". Savery's...
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...William George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong (1810–1900) - Hydraulic power pioneer, founder of Armstrong Whitworth ------------------------------------------------- [edit]B * Charles Babbage (1791–1871) - Creator of the Difference Engine * George Herman Babcock (1832–1893) - Co-invented an improved safety water tube steam boiler, co-founder of Babcock & Wilcox * Joseph Cyril Bamford - Founder of the JCB company, manufacturing heavy plant, and especially backhoes * Eugenio Barsanti (1821–1864) - Early developer of internal combustion engine * Henry Bessemer (1813–1898) - Best known as the creator of the Bessemer Process * Karl Benz (1844–1929) - Generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile, founder of Mercedes-Benz * Keith Black - American high performance automobile engineer * John Blenkinsop (1783–1831) - Steam locomotive pioneer, developed rack and pinion railway system * Thomas Bouch (1822–1880) - Railway engineer, helped develop the roll-on/roll-off train ferry * Matthew Boulton (1728–1809) - Steam engineer, associate of James Watt * Joseph Bramah (1748–1814) - Hydraulic power pioneer and inventor of the hydraulic press * Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1805–1859) - Design contributions include the Great Western Railway and the SS Great Eastern * William Brunton (1777–1851) - Early steam power pioneer, inventor of the Brunton's Mechanical Traveller * Oliver Bulleid -...
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...Wagonways and tramways Earliest traces The earliest evidence of a wagonway, a predecessor of the railway, found so far was the 6 to 8.5 km long Diolkos wagonway, which transported boats across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece since around 600 BC.[1][2][3][4][5] Wheeled vehicles pulled by men and animals ran in grooves inlimestone, which provided the track element, preventing the wagons from leaving the intended route. The Diolkos was in use for over 650 years, until at least the 1st century AD.[5] The first horse-drawn wagonways also appeared in ancient Greece, with others to be found on Malta and various parts of the Roman Empire, using cut-stone tracks. Railways began reappearing in Europe after the Dark Ages. The earliest known record of a railway in Europe from this period is a stained-glass window in the Minster of Freiburg im Breisgau dating from around 1350.[6] In 1515, Cardinal Matthäus Lang wrote a description of the Reisszug, a funicular railway at the Hohensalzburg Castle in Austria. The line originally used wooden rails and a hemp haulage rope, and was operated by human or animal power, through a treadwheel. The line still exists, albeit in updated form, and is probably the oldest railway still to operate.[7][8] Early wagonways Minecart shown in De Re Metallica (1556). The guide pin fits in a groove between two wooden planks. Wagonways (or 'tramways') are thought to have developed in Germany in the 1550s to facilitate the transport of ore tubs to and...
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..._______________ * ____ * * In Partial Fulfillment * of the Requirements for the Course * * * ___________________ * * by * * * * James Watt developed a steam-powered engine in the late 1700’s that used the pressure of super-heated water to create steam pressure. This pressure moved a slide piston that pushed a rod on a pivot. The motion turned a rotary wheel for as long as the mechanism was fueled and in good repair. The invention of the steam engine was the catalyst for a series of technological innovations developed during the Industrial Revolution that changed warfare after the Napoleonic Wars through to the American Civil War. Steam engine technology led to the development of factory-based assembly line production of materials, the development of the steamship and locomotive, and to innovations in the production of steel from pig iron. These series of innovations created the means for military power to mass quickly and continuously throughout the Civil War. * As steam engine technology continued to improve1 during the early 1800’s, commercial entrepreneurial ventures morphed into a new industrial system that could generate and project large military forces over greater distances faster than ever before. The steam engine lead to the development of steamships and railroad systems funded by investors and constructed by the Army Engineer Corps to support commerce. Navigable waterways and land rail systems, initially developed for...
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...self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725 - 1804). Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions at the Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. It was used by the French Army to haul artillery at a whopping speed of 2 1/2 mph on only three wheels. The vehicle had to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The steam engine and boiler were separate from the rest of the vehicle and placed in the front (see engraving above). The following year (1770), Cugnot built a steam-powered tricycle that carried four passengers. In 1771, Cugnot drove one of his road vehicles into a stone wall, making Cugnot the first person to get into a motor vehicle accident. This was the beginning of bad luck for the inventor. After one of Cugnot's patrons died and the other was exiled, the money for Cugnot's road vehicle experiments ended. Steam engines powered cars by burning fuel that heated water in a boiler, creating steam that expanded and pushed pistons that turned the crankshaft, which then turned the wheels. During the early history of self-propelled vehicles - both road and railroad vehicles were being developed with steam engines. (Cugnot also designed two steam locomotives with engines that never worked well.) Steam engines added so much weight to a vehicle that they proved a poor...
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...fare system | 1740 | Jacques de Vaucanson demonstrates his clockwork powered carriage | 1783 | First practical steamboat demonstrated by Marquis Claude Francois de Jouffroy d'Abbans - a paddle wheel steamboat | 1783 | The Montgolfier brothers invent the first hot air balloons | 1787 | Steamboat invented | 1769 | First self-propelled road vehicle invented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot | 1790 | Modern bicycles invented | 1801 | Richard Trevithick invented the first steam powered locomotive (designed for roads) | 1807 | Isaac de Rivas makes a hydrogen gas powered vehicle - first with internal combustion power - however, very unsuccessful design | 1807 | First steamboat with regular passenger service - inventor Robert Fulton's Clermont | 1814 | George Stephenson invents the first practical steam powered railroad locomotive | 1862 | Jean Lenoir makes a gasoline engine automobile | 1867 | First motorcycle invented | 1868 | George Westinghouse invents the compressed air locomotive brake - enabled trains to be stopped with fail-safe accuracy | 1871 | First cable car invented | 1885 | Karl Benz builds the world's first practical...
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...An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.[3] The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile - with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, by German inventor Carl Benz. Motorized wagons soon replaced animal-drafted carriages, especially after automobiles became affordable for many people when the Ford Model T was introduced in 1908. The term motorcar has formerly also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems.[4] It was estimated in 2010 that the number of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up from the 500 million of 1986.[5] The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other NICs. ------------------------------------------------- Etymology The word automobile comes, via the French automobile from the Ancient Greek word αὐτός (autós, "self") and the Latin mobilis("movable"); meaning a vehicle that moves itself. The loanword was first adopted in English by The New...
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...also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods Evolution The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile - with the Benz patent, by German inventor Karl Benz. Motorized wagons soon replaced animal-drafted carriages especially after automobiles became affordable for many people when the ford was introduced in 1908. The term motorcar has formerly also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems. History The first working steam-powered vehicle was designed by Ferdinand; It was a 65 cm-long scale-model toy for the Chinese Emperor, that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger It is not known if VeriTest’s model was ever built. The development of external combustion engines is detailed as part of the history of automobile, but often treated separately from the development of true automobiles. A variety of steam-powered road vehicles were used during the first part of the 19th century. In 1807 nicephore and his brother Claude probably created the world’s internal combustion engine. Which they called...
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...What is an unintended consequence? (Karl-Erik Sveiby Pernilla Gripenberg, 2009) 4 1.2 Kinds of unintended consequences (Andrews, 2005) 5 2 Nuclear Energy 7 2.1 Concept Map 7 2.1.1 Nuclear Fission Reaction 7 2.1.2 Nuclear Energy development history 7 2.2 Problem 8 2.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 8 2.4 Technology Innovation 10 2.5 Managing Innovation & Moving to Market 11 2.6 Complexity Management 12 2.7 Quantitative 12 3 Internal Combustion Engine - Automobile industry till early 20th Century 14 3.1 Concept Map 14 3.1.1 History of Internal Combustible Engine 14 3.2 Problem 15 3.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 15 3.4 Technology Innovation & Moving to Market 17 3.5 Managing Innovation 18 3.6 Complexity Management 18 3.7 Quantitative 18 4 Punch Cards 19 4.1 Concept Map 19 4.2 Problem 20 4.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 20 4.4 Technology Innovation & Moving to Market 21 4.5 Managing Innovation 21 5 Steam Engine (Locomotive) 22 5.1...
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...History Of Tata Motors Tata Motors Ltd. is one part of the business conglomerate, Tata Group, and was formerly known as TELCO (Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company). The other ventures of Tata Group include Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Technologies, Tata Tea, Titan Industries, Tata Power, Taj Hotels, and so on. Headquartered in Mumbai, India, Tata Motors is a multinational corporation accounting for 70% cumulative market share in the domestic commercial vehicle segment. Today, the company is the world’s second largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles, world’s fourth largest truck manufacturer and world’s second largest bus manufacturer. It is a dual-listed company, which is traded on both the Bombay Stock exchange as well as the New York Stock Exchange.. Information On Origin & Background Of Tata Motors Tata Motors was first established in 1935 as a locomotive manufacturing unit. The first commercial vehicle was manufactured in 1954, in collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG of Germany. In 1960, the first truck, quite similar to a Daimler truck, rolled out from the Tata factory in Pune. Ever since its launch, the truck became highly successful. However, the success of the commercial vehicles was just the beginning of the flourishing and booming future of Tata Motors. The company went ahead diversifying itself and took up other products as well. Apart from exporting heavy-duty trucks, the company decided to come up with lighter versions for the local...
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...INTRODUCTION Computers and computation have been around for a long time and were developed over many years with immense contributions from inventors, engineers, physicists, philosophers, mathematicians, technicians, scholars, and visionaries. Right from ancient times, when man used his fingers to count and keep record and straight to the era of ancient civilisations, computation had been paramount in almost everyday life. The Babylonians used base 60 to calculate and tell hours of the day a format which is still used up to this day, the ancient Egyptians needed math for practical problems: measuring time, flooding of the Nile, cooking and baking, book keeping and accounting, taxes. They also made the first math textbook, which contained the first trigonometry including sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent (sin = o/h, cos = a/h. tan = o/a, cot = a/o), which has been one of the basis of mathematical calculations till date. The Greeks brought the Pythagorean theory; the Romans brought the Roman Numerals and even the Islam brought the “al jabr” which is known today as “Algebra”. The Chinese brought the remainder theorem and the Indians developed the decimal system, zero and negative numbers, and did early trigonometric work on the sine and cosine. The first computers were calculating machines and over time evolved into the digital computers, as we know them today. It has taken over 180 years for the computer to develop from an idea in Charles Babbage head into an actual computer...
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...6: Along with the usual models of aircraft, ships and vehicles, Airfix also produced other kits for hobbyists. What type of steam engine depicted in the photo? Beam Engine Part of what was known as the, “Museum Series” the beam engine was part of a four model set that also included a four stroke engine, a paddle engine, and a model of Richard Trevithick’s 1904 locomotive. Although initially power by an electric motor and gears, when reissued in 2009, these parts were omitted from the beam engine and Trevithick’s locomotive. The first Beam engines appeared in the early 18th century, designed by Thomas Newcomen. They were initially utilized for pumping water from coalmines, but their design made them inefficient. The engineers, Thomas Watt,...
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...(about US$ 2000). The case explains the design and development process of Tata Nano. The car was the result of a five year research and development project carried out by Tata Nano development team. While developing the car, Tata Motors and its suppliers constantly made efforts to reduce the costs while ensuring quality of each and every component including engine, steering, wheels, tires, windshield washing system, gear shifter etc. | | Analysts opined that Tata Nano had created a new segment in the passenger car market. However, they were concerned about the company's lack of capacity to fulfill high demand. They also argued that considering the low margins the company would get, it would take a long time for the project to break even. The case ends with a discussion on the challenges Tata Nano might face in the future. ------------------------------------------------- Excerpts ------------------------------------------------- Background Note The history of Tata Motors dates back to the mid-1900s. In 1945, Tata Motors was incorporated as Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company Limited (TELCO). The company was engaged in manufacturing locomotives and engineering products. Three years later, it launched a steam road roller in association with the UK-based Marshall Sons...------------------------------------------------- Nano - The CarThe Nano had a 623 cc rear engine and a rear wheel drive. The engine was a two cylinder petrol engine. The fuel economy of the car was expected...
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...single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. However, we can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way. An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. The term motorcar has also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems. There are approximately 600 million passenger cars worldwide (roughly one car per eleven people). Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; the engines of these burn over a billion cubic meters (260 billion US gallons) of petrol/gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India. History of automobiles Starting in the late 1700's, European engineers began tinkering with motor powered vehicles. Steam,...
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...and computers. The products such as Pong and the Atari 2600 assisted defining the electronic entertainment industry from the 1970’s to the mid-1980. In 1984, Atari Inc. was split, and the arcade division was turned into Atari Games Inc. Atari Games receive the rights to the original 1972-1984 arcade hardware properties, as well as the rights to use the logo and brand name with appended text “Games” on arcade games. Atari Consumer Electronic Division properties were in turn sold to Jack Tramiel’s Tramel Technology Ltd., which renames itself to Atari Corporation. On June 27, 1972 Atari, Inc. hired Al Alcorn as their first design engineer. Al Alcorn produces an arcade version of the Magnavox Odyssey’s Tennis game, which became Pong. In Japanese when a prediction comes true or when someone wins the lottery the word “Atari” is used. A project came up to design a successor to the 2600 started as soon as the system shipped. The original development team estimated that the 2600 had a lifespan of about 3 years, so they decided to build the most powerful machine they could, given that time frame. Mid-way through that time-frame, the home computer revolution was taking off, so the new machines were adapted, with the addition of a keyboard and various inputs, to produce the Atari 800, and its smaller version, the 400. Even though a variety of issues made them less attractive than the Apple 2 for some users, the new machines had some success when they became available in quantity in 1980...
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