... NO. 7, JULY 2012 1585 A 53-nW 9.1-ENOB 1-kS/s SAR ADC in 0.13- m CMOS for Medical Implant Devices Dai Zhang, Student Member, IEEE, Ameya Bhide, Student Member, IEEE, and Atila Alvandpour, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper describes an ultra-low power SAR ADC for medical implant devices. To achieve the nano-watt range power consumption, an ultra-low power design strategy has been utilized, imposing maximum simplicity on the ADC architecture, low transistor count and matched capacitive DAC with a switching scheme which results in full-range sampling without switch bootstrapping and extra reset voltage. Furthermore, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR logic to operate at 0.4 V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. The ADC was fabricated in 0.13- m CMOS. In dual-supply mode (1.0 V for analog and 0.4 V for digital), the ADC consumes 53 nW at a sampling rate of 1 kS/s and achieves the ENOB of 9.1 bits. The leakage power constitutes 25% of the 53-nW total power. Index Terms—ADC, analog-to-digital conversion, leakage power consumption, low-power electronics, medical implant devices, successive approximation. I. INTRODUCTION EDICAL implant devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, target increasingly advanced signal acquisition and signal processing systems. Such devices, which are to be implanted in the human body, require extremely low power consumption in order to operate up to...
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...False At the end of a quantitative study, a researcher simply lists the data obtained from the questionnaire and calculates percentage for each type of response. To get more meaningful statistics the next step should be? Select one: a. Echelons to the left by right marker b. Format columns of fours by outlier (wrong) c. Cross-tabulations by classification variable d. Percentages by classification variable AMI [a major New Zealand insurance company] employs a team of "data miners" whose specialist job it is to hunt for new business opportunities within the firm's extensive customer and industry database. This is an example of what research paradigm? Select one: a. Deductive Logic b. Extrapolation Logic c. Experimental Logic d. Instrumental Logic e. Inductive Logic Which of the following is/are [a] good example[s] of using the Case Study method in Management Research? Select one: a. All of these responses are good examples b. Understand what happened in a situation so that new insights can be acquired c. Explore an emerging issue that management may have to deal with in the future d. Understand a complex chain of events that have happened in the business Information is data that is...
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...investigate the sampling of signals, and the filter effects on the reconstruction of the original signal from the sampled input. The sample/Hold operation is also investigated in this experiment. The Modicum -1 board allows an analogue signal to be sampled at a number of different rate(2kHz,4kHZ,8kHZ,16kHz,32kHz).The pulse width is varied in the steps of 0% from 0 to 90 of the sampling interval. Second order and fourth order low pass filter are available with cut-off frequencies set at 3.4 kHz. BACKGROUND: L.J.Electronics MODICOM-1 board is used to investigate the sampling of signals, and the effects of filter on the reconstruction of the original signal from the sampled input. In addition to this Sample/Hold operation is also investigated. [pic] MODICOM-1 board The MODICOM-1 board is considered as five different blocks namely 1.) Power Input 2.) Sampling Control Logic 3.) Sampling Circuit 4.) Second Order Low Pass Filter and 5.) Fourth Order Low Pass Filter Sampling Control logic: It is used to generate the timing and control signals that sample the input waveform, and also creates a sinusoidal 1 kHz signal in order to perform the experiments. [pic] Power Input: These are the input electrical connections necessary to provide the input power for the module. [pic] Sampling Circuit: Sampling circuit is to sample...
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...The Current Status of GSR Examinations Carmetta C Jackson CJA/334 February 12, 2013 Professor Fred Hammett The Current Status of GSR Examinations * * The purpose of research study, problem, and questions * The purpose of this research study is to examine the current status of gunshot residue examinations. Determine if patterns of gunshot residue are present from a person suspected of recently discharging a firearm and research that will led to development and clarification on how authorities detect gunshot residue. The problem is that it is unclear about the meaning of gunshot residue findings. This research will answer the following questions; * 1. Confirmation of gunshot residue and where it can be found. * 2. Establish positive or false results by analyzing particles from a discharged firearm. * 3. Using factors to validate the results of the experiment. * The design of the study * The design of study for the examination of gunshot residue is data information through collection, analysis, and interpretation. These samples will be brought to the laboratory to be analyzed to see if particles were left on articles or either hand during the time of the shooting, the collection of residue, and the locations of where the weapon was fired are important factors that will be used for the outcome of the study. The factors in the laboratory will include the characteristics of the donor, the deposition, the nature, environmental conditions...
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...management journals are included for their impact on the field. They are in alphabetical order: Decision Sciences, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Journal of Operations Management, Management Science, and Production and Operations Management. The qualitative case studies chosen were published between 1992 and 2007. With an increasing trend toward using more qualitative case studies, there have been meaningful and significant contributions to the field of operations management, especially in the area of theory building. However, in many of the qualitative case studies we reviewed, sufficient details in research design, data collection, and data analysis were missing. For instance, there are studies that do not offer sampling logic or a description of the analysis through which research outcomes are drawn. Further, research protocols for doing inductive case studies are much better developed compared to the research protocols for doing deductive case studies. Consequently, there is a lack of consistency in the way the case method has been applied. As qualitative researchers, we offer suggestions on how we can improve on what we have done and elevate the level of rigor and consistency. Published by Elsevier B.V. Article history:...
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...Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BScIT) – Semester 1/ Diploma in Information Technology (DIT) – Semester 1 BT0064 – Digital Logic ------------------------------------------------- Assignment Set – 1 Q1. Convert the following octal numbers to base 10 a. 273 Answer: 187 b. 1021 Answer: 529 Q2. What is a logic gate? Answer: When we deal with logical circuits (as in computers), we not only need to deal with logical functions; we also need some special symbols to denote these functions in a logical diagram. There are three fundamental logical operations, from which all other functions, no matter how complex, can be derived. These functions are named and, or, and not. Each of these has a specific symbol and a clearly-defined behavior, as follows: | | The AND GateThe AND gate implements the AND function. With the gate shown to the left, both inputs must have logic 1 signals applied to them in order for the output to be a logic 1. With either input at logic 0, the output will be held to logic 0.If your browser supports the Javascript functions required for the demonstrations built into this page, you can click the buttons to the left of the AND gate drawing to change their assigned logic values, and the drawing will change to reflect the new input states. Other demonstrations on these pages will work the same way.There is no limit to the number of inputs that may be applied to an AND function, so there is no functional limit to the number...
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...INTRODUCTION LAW FOUNDATION LAW AND … 1. LOGIC 2. SCIENCE 3. THEORY 4. SOCIAL PROBLEMS LAW FOUNDATION Critical = informed and logical Responsible = social equity Creative = independent and considered Interrelations -- with other disciplines and institutions Historical, philosophical, economic, political and social context == acquaintance with historical development of theory Contemporary social issues: · Terrorism · Refugees · Crime and punishment Historical context John Locke? Karl Marx? LOGIC What is wrong with this statement? In the war on terror, you are either with us or against us Which of the following is sound? All men have hair I have hair Therefore I am a man All men have hair I am a man Therefore I have hair Logic definitions Logic = science that evaluates arguments Argument = group of statements, with premises claimed to support conclusions [also inference] Statement = sentence that is either true or false [also proposition] Premise = statement setting forth reasons or evidence Conclusion = statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply Arguments and non-arguments Arguments must have a factual claim and an inferential claim. The following are not arguments: · warnings or advice · belief or opinion · loosely associated statements · factual reports · explanations · illustrations · conditional statements Deduction and induction ...
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...Week 1 Chapter 1: The selection of a research design Three types of design: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. Although it is difficult to separate the first two, often a research study tends to be more quantitative than qualitative or vice versa. Mixed methods is somewhere in the middle, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In detail: Qualitative research is about exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. Quantitative research is a means for testing objective theories, deriving hypotheses from these theories, and examining the relationship among variables. Mixed methods research associates both research design. Often, in qualitative research, the researcher needs to interpret the data (evidence) collected during the research process. The final report may have a flexible structure. With quantitative research, the final report is more or less structured; introduction, literature survey and theory, data description, methods, results and discussion (for future research). These models pretty much cover the available areas to researchers in selecting the type of research design. In each research design, it helps to identify, list and associate the three components of the research design. The first component is the way the research views the problem of interest. This is called under different names, research paradigm, epistemologies (the origin) and ontologies (how you know what you know), etc...
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...As corporate controller for Apollo Shoes, you are tasked to find and explain any irregularities in the Apollo Shoes Case. Resource: Apollo Shoes Casebook Define the process you will use and address the following assessed classroom discussion questions: What procedures will be used to collect accounting evidence? What sampling tools and techniques will be used for the examination? How will you use analytical and inferential tools to evaluate accounting evidence? Submit your assignment to the facilitator. Note. APA formatting is not required for this assignment. Use a title and reference page where appropriate. Consider using a checklist or flowchart to outline your process. There are many irregularities that can arise within the different accounting departments at Apollo Shoes. An audit program will be designed according to the three cycles that will be outlined below. The first cycle that will be discussed is cash, then accounts payable and finally the payroll function. These cycles will be evaluated for substantive procedures for Apollo Shoes and detect irregularities for each section and an appropriate audit program will be designed for each department. Cash At Apollo Shoes irregularities or cash schemes, which could occur in the audit cycle of cash include fraudulent disbursement schemes and cash receipt schemes. Fraudulent disbursement schemes are those in which a distribution of funds is made from some company account in what appears...
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...As corporate controller for Apollo Shoes, you are tasked to find and explain any irregularities in the Apollo Shoes Case. Resource: Apollo Shoes Casebook Define the process you will use and address the following assessed classroom discussion questions: What procedures will be used to collect accounting evidence? What sampling tools and techniques will be used for the examination? How will you use analytical and inferential tools to evaluate accounting evidence? Submit your assignment to the facilitator. Note. APA formatting is not required for this assignment. Use a title and reference page where appropriate. Consider using a checklist or flowchart to outline your process. There are many irregularities that can arise within the different accounting departments at Apollo Shoes. An audit program will be designed according to the three cycles that will be outlined below. The first cycle that will be discussed is cash, then accounts payable and finally the payroll function. These cycles will be evaluated for substantive procedures for Apollo Shoes and detect irregularities for each section and an appropriate audit program will be designed for each department. Cash At Apollo Shoes irregularities or cash schemes, which could occur in the audit cycle of cash include fraudulent disbursement schemes and cash receipt schemes. Fraudulent disbursement schemes are those in which a distribution of funds is made from some company account in what appears...
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...eserach Market Research: Research Methodology Introduction XYZ Inc wants to launch its top-selling product in the Brazilian market and the company needs to conduct a research before entering into the market. Brazil is a South American Country and is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of the geographical area. Among the most populous countries in the world, Brazil acquires fifth position and it is fourth among the most populous democracy in the world. Brazil has a diversified middle-income economy and it is one of the ten largest economies in the world. Its economy has wide variations in the manufacturing, agricultural and mining sectors and in the levels of development. Technology and service sectors also play a significant role in its economy and are growing rapidly (Infoplease, 2005). Objective The objective of the research is to design the research methodology to sell the top-selling product of the XYZ Inc. in Brazil. The different objectives, which the company wants to achieve with the help of the research, are various in numbers. Some of them are: • The company wants to study the market size, market potential and market growth. • The study of market profile and market characteristics is also one of the objectives of the research. • The analysis of market share and market segment. • The measurement and forecasting of the sale for the short run and long run. • The identification of complete business...
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...underlying principle / concept. 3. Scope: Relative to the objectives stated above, here you would explicitly specify the delimiting aspects, if any, that would define the scope of the current study. For example, if the study concerns “employee motivation,” and if it is agreed that only employees from production functions are to be studied, the scope would be restrictive to all the employees of the production function. If there are more plants than one, and if it is agreed that only a specified plant’s production function employees would be covered, then this would be a restriction. All such aspects would define the specific scope of the project. 4. Methodology: This section must explain your detailed plan for conducting project, covering sampling logic, data collection, questionnaire etc., and analysis plan 5. Analysis: The data collected will have to be coded and classified according to the research requirements and then analysed. A qualitative or quantitative analysis can be employed. In quantitative analysis descriptive statistics and...
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... The inverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Instead of doing a single conversion, an ADC often performs the conversions ("samples" the input) periodically. The result is a sequence of digital values that have converted a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal. Fig 1:Electric Symbol Of an ADC Fig 1:Electric Symbol Of an ADC Design (Using Verilog): * The basic module of the adc will have an input, an output and a clock (clk) as part of the port list. * It will also include some user defined parameters (basically different data types). * The main logic for an adc is to convert an analog input signal into a digital one, so we will design logic for quantization and sampling etc. Applications: * The major applications of an adc include Music Recording and Digital Signal Processing. * Analog to Digital converters are used virtually everywhere where an analog signal has to be processed, stored, or transported in digital form. * Fast video ADCs are used, for example, in TV tuner cards. * Slow on-chip 8, 10, 12, or 16 bit ADCs are common in microcontrollers. * Very fast ADCs are needed in Digital storage oscilloscopes. Conclusion: The final project will be able to perform exactly according to the required...
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...by Chris Irwin of Premech Engineering Company. The product is a multipurpose self tipping trailer (MPT). Much more than a trailer, through, it features its own power take-off (PTO) and hydraulic system. A 6.5hp Briggs and Stratton petrol engine provides a PTO drive through a reduction gearbox on the engine. The integrated PTO drives a hydraulic pump for tipping its own trailer body or externals, such as a log splitter fitted on to the MPT. The MPT has its own brakes and a one tone payload. Secondary research was completed to ascertain what competitors existed for our product. It was found that there were two main competitors who produce and sell similar products in the market at present. These companies were Ifor Williams and Logic. Although their self tipping and self breaking trailers are similar to the Premech Engineering trailer, they all depend on the PTO shaft of the vehicle towing...
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...An inductive inference is prbable as it is concerned with the material truth of the conclusion. The truth of the conclusion depends upon the veracity of the premises which act as the basis for the induction. If the conclusion in an induction is a general proposition, it is verified by some sample instances as observation of all instances is not possible. These particular instances should represent the whole class to which they belong. That means the particular instances should be the fair samples of the entire generalized class. Unless the particular evidences are the representative samples, no inductive generalization can have higher degree of probability. So the specific problem of induction is to decide to what extent the evidential samples are fair. Hence our attempt to understand the role of fair samples in induction will be of much help to comprehend the probability of inductive generalization. We have already noticed that the theories or laws established in science are basically generalizations. Further the theories or generalizations in every branch of science mutually support one another and make a coherent system. But in the early state of development of sciences the generalizations were considered as somewhat isolated. Even today there are some areas of science-particularly the social sciences- in which generalizations are somewhat isolated from each other and do not constitute a coherent system. Where the theories or laws are mutually supporting they are highly...
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