...Dealing With Traffic Jams in London Michael M. Reynolds Grantham University Abstract Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many metropolitan areas. Congestion increases travel time, air pollution, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel because cannot run efficiently. London’s traffic at the turn of the millennium may have been far worse than that of the average metropolis. When driving in London’s downtown area, drivers spend around half their time waiting in traffic, incurring 2.3 minutes of delay every kilometer they traveled. Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many metropolitan areas. People waste a lot of time in traffic jams every day. Big cities are never good, and London’s downtown area’s traffic is to say unbelievable. Congestion increases travel time, air pollution, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel because cannot run efficiently. London’s traffic at the turn of the millennium may have been far worse than that of the average metropolis. When driving in London’s downtown area, drivers spend around half their time waiting in traffic, incurring 2.3 minutes of delay every kilometer they traveled. In the case we are studying the government decided to use the information technology to help the city control the traffic jam situation. The government decided to use 699 cameras at 203 sites in the 8 square miles in the city. To do this would be a challenging project because the project has a very limited time and there is no other successful case...
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...nowadays, an increasing number of people can afford to purchase a private car. Consequently, a challenge of excess cars on roads ensues. In virtually all cities, traffic congestion occurs every single day at the peak time. However, it is generally believed that this problem can be managed through governmental policies as well as individual behavior. The following essay will firstly outline three viable solutions, namely developments from taxes and road infrastructure, improvements in public transport services, and a decrease in the use of private automobiles, to solve the impact of traffic jams in most cities. It, furthermore, will discuss the pros and cons of each countermeasure. Finally, the evaluation of every method will be demonstrated. To begin with governmental policies, one possible method of reducing traffic congestion is to raise road pricing and to expand road infrastructure. Castle (1967) notes that charging fees on the main road at the rush hours can cut down a number of automobiles effectively because people do not want to spend extra money. Additionally, according to ideas of road pricing (Castle 1967) and park restrictions (Knoflacher 2006), it is believed that as long as governments impose road or parking fees, the usage of roads at the peak time can be reduced in metropolis, such as Singapore as well as London, and further authorities are able to spend the taxes from road pricing and parking fees on broadening highways, building roads and adding high occupancy vehicle...
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...charge is the most effective way to make alleviate the situation. As I shall argue, reasons why congestion charge can reduce traffic jam will be explained in this essay. According to London transport data (2012), before 2003 more cars went to the central London than buses in the weekday morning peak. After applied congestion charge policy in 2003, the number of people using bus and motorcycle have increased dramatically while the number of people commuting by car have experienced the opposite trend. It is clear that congestion charge has had a positive impact on congestion situation of London. The charge force people to find other environment-friendly vehicles to use such as buses and motorcycles, rather than using cars to go to work (Livingstone, 2008). There are those who maintain that in spite of traffic jam reduction, the congestion charge has brought many disadvantages to the society and economy (Morris, 2008). Firstly, many retailers in the charging zone have faced problem that people tend to go shopping outside city center for their larger purchase. With regard to a report produced by the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, a quarter of business leaders were thinking of moving their businesses outside the zone. As a result, there will be a big transformation of streets and shops in London and these streets will no longer attract visitors to London. Secondly, the congestion charge scheme also cost more than £130 million including administration and depreciation fees...
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...Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many metropolitan areas. Congestion increases travel time, air pollution, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel because cannot run efficiently. London’s traffic at the turn of the millennium may have been far worse than that of the average metropolis. When driving in London’s downtown area, drivers spend around half their time waiting in traffic, incurring 2.3 minutes of delay every kilometer they traveled. Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many metropolitan areas. People waste a lot of time in traffic jams every day. Big cities are never good, and London’s downtown area’s traffic is to say unbelievable. Congestion increases travel time, air pollution, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel because cannot run efficiently. London’s traffic at the turn of the millennium may have been far worse than that of the average metropolis. When driving in London’s downtown area, drivers spend around half their time waiting in traffic, incurring 2.3 minutes of delay every kilometer they traveled. In the case we are studying the government decided to use the information technology to help the city control the traffic jam situation. The government decided to use 699 cameras at 203 sites in the 8 square miles in the city. To do this would be a challenging project because the project has a very limited time and there is no other successful case to follow. A political risk is really high and a new transit authority working under a new...
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...Oliveira Due date: 12 March, 2015 Contents Traffic Congestion - Problems Faced by Brazil's Largest City 3 Causes and Consequences 4 Likely Solutions 8 Bibliography References 12 Traffic Congestion - Problems Faced by Brazil's Largest City São Paulo is a Brazilian state which has 645 municipalities and more than 40 million habitants. São Paulo city is the capital of São Paulo state and the largest city in South America. According to IBGE, Brazil’s main government research institute, in its last census the population in the city of São Paulo is about 11 million inhabitants, with more than 20 million people living in the greater metropolitan area. This urban concentration shows why it’s more expensive to rent an office in São Paulo city than it is in New York City. As mentioned by Time magazine, the city of São Paulo has the world's worst recurrent traffic jam. According to reports from a Brazilian's traffic management agency, located in São Paulo, the average traffic jams on Friday evenings is 180km (112 miles) and the city’s historical congestion record was set on May 23rd, 2014, with 214 miles (344 km) of congestion around the city during the evening rush hour on that Friday. The previous highest occurrence was on November 14th, 2013, with 192 miles (309 km) of congestion. Aside from facing violence, commuting is definitively one of the biggest challenges of living in São Paulo. Causes and Consequences Traffic congestion is an undesirable condition on road...
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...London and Dubai London and Dubai are somehow different, specifically speaking about the culture in both cities. As a result of London’s ancienity and Dubai’s modernity, architecture differs completely in both of them. Yet both cities are globally known for their tourism and multicultural societies, and must visit touristic destinations. Starting with London’s way of living, it is extraordinary when it comes to entertainment, crowds, events, and festivals. Yet London is not a great destination for those who seek for quiet places, and of course it is definitely not environmentally friendly. London’s air is polluted with toxins, and it has never been a great place to breathe a clean air. Speaking of living in this incredible city is something I find uncomfortable for several reasons. Rather than that, London is expensive when it comes to daily life needs. Tax is included in everything, from transportation, food, to clothing. When it comes to Dubai’s way of living, it is not really different. Dubai is a city that is well known for its developed infrastructure, and modernity, which makes it a twenty-first century modern city, although it is similar to London, yet it has its own environment, especially talking about the hot weather, and how it affects everybody’s daily life routine. Anyway London and Dubai are similar in the way of living, although Dubai is a tax free city while London is not. However London is more of a convenient city comparing it to Dubai, particularly speaking...
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...our day-to-day life. And as such, the bad effect of traffic jam can better be understood than described. So movements on the roads and streets must strictly be regulated by certain rules, which we call traffic rules. Vehicles must keep to the left, obey speed limits and should avoid overtaking and follow the traffic signals. If these rules are followed strictly, the vehicles can go on smoothly without causing any traffic jam. But most often than not, there is glaring carelessness about these rules. As a result, the common people pay very dearly for it. People lose their time on their way for nothing. Sometimes we feel inclined to think that our government and the people at the helm of these affairs are very indifferent to such vital problems. Something positive must be done to relieve the people from such problems. Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. The most common example is the physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, congestion is incurred. As demand approaches the capacity of a road (or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a traffic jam. Consequences of Traffic jam: At rush hour, a distance of three to four kilometres...
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...Term Paper on Traffic Jam in Bangladesh TERM PAPER ON Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Prepared For Mohd. H.R. Joarder United International University Prepared By MD. Aminul Islam Ariful islam MD. Mesbahuddin Shahanaz Parvin Mou Jeenniifeerr Islam Date of submission Name of Group Members Letter of Transmittal May 5, 2012 Mohd. H.R. Joarder Faculty School of Business Administration United International University Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure for us to submit our Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. It is a great opportunity for us to implement the knowledge that we have learned in our academic career to work a Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. We try our level best to make this Term papers to the required standard. We hope that this report will fulfill your expectation. We therefore, hope that you would be kind enough to go through this report for evaluation Sincerely yours ------------------------- --------------------- -------------------- MD. Aminul Islam Ariful Islam Shahanaz Parvin Mou ----------------- ------------------- Jennifer Islam MD. Mesbah...
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...What is Traffic jam? A traffic jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic, or because the road is blocked by something. The major factor behind traffic Jam in Bangladesh: There are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major factors are as follows: ➢ Undisciplined traffic signal in the road. ➢ Indiscipline among the road user. ➢ Might is right, everybody are free to park their vehicle on Road. ➢ No knowledge of traffic rules which encourage violating the rules. ➢ Enforcement of rules by dishonest persons who are busy in collection of illegal money from traffic rules violators. ➢ Heavy numbers of vehicle on roads. ] When the government as well as traffic department of Bangladesh Police are continuously trying to resolve the ever increasing traffic congestions in the capital city in Bangladesh, owners of Multi Storied Buildings [MSB] are continuing to further worsen the situation as most of them do not either have under-ground vehicle parking facilities in their buildings, or have already used the under-ground parking spaces for various commercial and industrial purposes. Just because of such illegal practices by the owners of such multi storied commercial and residential buildings, vehicles are parked on road sides, causing extra burden to the existing traffic congestions. On physical verification, Weekly Blitz has already located a number of multi storied buildings...
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...UK Automobile Industry 1. Wikipedia : Primary categories : Sports and luxury end cars – Aston Martin, Bentley, Daimler, Jaguar, Rolls-Royce etc Volume Car Makers – Nissan, Honda, Toyota etc Commercial Manufacturers – Ford, Leyland, London Taxis International etc Back in 1950 , UK was the second largest car manufacturer and exporter after USA. Subsequently over some decades slowed down and was then ranked on the 12th spot with immense competition from nations like France, Germany and Japan\. Late 80’s many of the British marques were bought over by foreign companies 2. http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/cars/article-2524573/Can-motor-industry-continue-fifth-gear-race-ahead-2014.html The latest UK car manufacturing figures showed that 1,286,287 motors were produced in the first 11 months of the year, a rise of 5.4 per cent compared to last year with sales also up by an impressive 9.9 per cent. Of the five major European car markets – Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain – only Britain has seen growth in the new car market this year. The rate of growth depends principally on when the car manufacturers pull back on the cheap credit that is currently pump-priming the market. If this cheap credit remains available throughout next year then there is an increasing risk of oversupply of new cars which could raise anxiety regarding a potential shock fall in used car residual values.’ Political Economic Payment Protection insurance payouts Cheap financing ...
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...Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 83 – No 9, December 2013 Real Time Traffic Density Count using Image Processing Naeem Abbas Muhammad Tayyab M.Tahir Qadri Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan ABSTRACT Due to the increase in the number of vehicles day by day, traffic congestions and traffic jams are very common. One method to overcome the traffic problem is to develop an intelligent traffic control system which is based on the measurement of traffic density on the road using real time video and image processing techniques. The theme is to control the traffic by determining the traffic density on each side of the road and control the traffic signal intelligently by using the density information. This paper presents the algorithm to determine the number of vehicles on the road. The density counting algorithm works by comparing the real time frame of live video by the reference image and by searching vehicles only in the region of interest (i.e., road area). The computed vehicle density can be compared with other direction of the traffic in order to control the traffic signal smartly. Keywords Traffic density count, image processing, intelligent controlling of traffic. 1. INTRODUCTION The number of vehicles on the road increases...
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...Sustainable Urban Living - BedZED, London The beddington Zero Energy Development, near croydon in greater London is the largest carbon-neutral eco community in the UK. It was built on reclaimed land and focuses on social and environmental sustainability, while promoting energy conservation. There are around 100 houses and apartments, as well as offices/workplaces there since the opening in 2002, meaning that i's been successfully operating for 14 years. BedZED's homes use 81% less energy for heating, 45% less electricity, and 58% less water than an average british home. They also recycle 60% of their waste which is much larger than the UK average of about 20%. Overall carbon emissions have been reduced by 56% since the opening in 2002. · Using building materials that store heat in warm weather and release it at cooler times · using natural, recycled or reclaimed building materials · The houses have also been built south facing to maximise the solar gain · The buildings are also covered in 300 mm of insulation jackets to reduce heating · Using heat from cooking and everyday activities for space heating · Using low-energy lighting and appliances throughout · Using energy tracking meters in the kitches to always be aware · The homes are provided with roof gardens, rainwater harvesting and wastewater recycling · There is a green transport plan - the community layout promotes walking,cycling and public transport with bus, rail and tram links · The ZEDcars sharing club...
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...any facility as such should be to ensure it serves its designed capacity with the most of convenience and safety for the users and vehicles plying it. This would help improve the level of service of facility and overall see to it that the socio-economic importance of it is realised. Traffic engineering analysis has to be employed to study the characteristic traffic flow conditions of the highway. The speed, density and flow are the basic traffic stream variables that need to be studied together with their relationship with one another in the traffic stream. These variables are very much linked and their relationship would provide an indication of the level of usage and efficiency of a roadway system and provide transportation planners the basic data in the evaluation of the effectiveness of capacity improvement measures. Information on highway traffic conditions is usually collected by organising and conducting traffic surveys and studies. Traffic studies may be grouped into three main categories as inventories, administrative studies, and dynamic studies. Of these three the dynamic traffic studies involve the collection of data under operational conditions and include studies of speed, traffic volume, travel time and delay, parking and accidents. This study is made to evaluate current conditions and develop solutions on highways. In this research this type of study is made into the speed-density relationship of an arterial road in the Kumasi metropolis – the case study of...
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...chooses to go to London. He wants to go sightseeing. Read this page from Ted’s guidebook. 1. Can you write a best title for this page? Why? _________________________________________________________________ 2. What kind of transport in Hong Kong is like London’s Tube? _________________________________________________________________ 3. What does “rush hour” mean? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Read line 5: The cheapest way to travel on the Tubes is to buy a travel card. What is a travel card? _________________________________________________________________ 5. Read line 7-8: …. You can see many popular landmarks from the bus window. What are the landmarks? _________________________________________________________________ ----------------------- With London’s underground railway (or “Tube”), you can go to most places in the city. Although it is fast, in rush hour the Tube is often crowded. So it is important to avoid the Tube between 0800 and 0930, and between 1600 and 1830. The cheapest way to travel on the Tube is to buy a travel card. You can also use this on London’s famous red buses. Although traveling by bus is slow, you can see many popular landmarks from the bus window. Travelling by taxi is, of course, the most convenient way to go. Although taxis ae comfortable, they are expensive. Pray that there are no traffic jams when you are in...
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...oversight. Immigrants filled to the cheap housing because it was near the work in the center of cities or around factories. The switch was complete: the rich lived in the suburbs and the poor lived in the cities, and the rich didn’t care because they couldn’t see (or smell) the poor from their mansions. Cities grew faster than the governments could fix them up. Poorer areas were without clean water, garbage collection, and sewage systems, so conditions in cities just got worse as the crowds and chaos poured in. London in particular suffered badly from dirt and pollution; so much so that candles were sometimes required at midday in busy shops owing to the smoggy conditions outside. Networks of narrow allies and streets hadn’t changed since medieval times and had no room for all the horses and buggies trying to do trade. In 1749, for example, hundreds of people were stuck in a traffic jam on London Bridge that took nearly three hours to clear! Many travelers noted the ‘smell’ of London as they approached from far away, and letters received from the capital city were often said to have a ‘sooty’ odor. ...
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