...Nadja Hill HAD assignment 4 9/25/13 Single loop learning is when individuals solve an issue by simply looking at the organization’s policies, values, and rules to come up with a solution. This learning form allows people to follow a process that’s been put in place in order to resolve a problem. Single loop learning is for simple problems that can be fixed by knowing what’s expected from looking at past events and comparing the results. This is considered the simplest learning form. This is a good learning form for an organization because it can lead to adaptive learning. People will begin to adjust to certain processes because of certain changes that take place. When individuals see a certain process repeatedly, they will tend to reflect those behaviors. For example, an organization is trying to limit the amount of slip and falls especially during rainy weather. Problems solvers discover that these accidents are taking place because of the access waters that drips off the umbrellas once the individual is inside the building. So now a way for them to minimize slips and falls is to provide plastic covers to everyone entering in with wet umbrellas. The organization installed appliances with these plastic covers at every entrance with a sign instructing people to take one. Now everyone knows to grab a plastic cover when entering the building when applicable. Double loop learning is when problem solvers or individuals eliminate issues by looking at organizations policies,...
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...PT1420 Research Assignment 8.1 Exploring the Differences between Count-controlled Loops and While Loops August 14, 2014 Count-control loops are performed a specific number of times while While loops are performed based upon whether a condition is true or not. The process of a While loop is based upon a condition which is dependent upon Boolean expressions. For While and Do While loops, if the expression is true the loop is executed. If the condition is false the loop is exited. A While loop is a pretest loop, which means that the condition is tested before performing an iteration. The Do-While loop is a posttest loop meaning that the loop is executed once before the condition is tested. (Gaddis, 2010) Three reasons a count-controlled loop can be better than a condition-controlled loop include: the fact that it keeps count of the number of times you to input data, it only runs the specific number of times you have instructed the program to, and it will stop after to allotted time instructed. Three reasons condition-controlled loops are more advantageous than count-controlled loops include the fact that the variable can be more than one number as long as the condition is true, condition controlled loops will only stop when the condition is false (or true as in the case of the Do-Until loop), and the variable numbers can be any real number which will make the statement true. References: Gaddis, T. (2010). Starting out with programming logic and design. Pearson...
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...Xiao-Qiang GUO, Wei-Yang WU, He-Rong GU Yanshan University Phase locked loop and synchronization methods for gridinterfaced converters: a review Abstract. Phase locked loop and synchronization techniques are one of the most important issues for operating grid-interfaced converters in practical applications, which involve Distributed Power Generation Systems, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission, and so on. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recently developed phase locked loop and synchronization methods, then a comparison and selection guide are provided. Finally, a list of more than 40 technical papers is also appended for a quick reference. Streszczenie. Techniki PLL i synchronizacji są ważnymi elementami przetworników w systemach sieciowych, takich jak: rozproszonych systemach mocy, FACTs czy HVDC. Artykuł przedstawia przegląd tego typu metod a następnie porównanie tych metod. Na końcu ponad 40 podstawowych artykułów z tej tematyki jest przedstawionych.(Metody synchronizacji i PLL w przetwornikach sieciowych – przegląd). Keywords: Grid-interfaced converters, phase locked loop, synchronization Słowa kluczowe: uchłady PLL, synchronizacja. Introduction The basic phase locked loop (PLL) concept was originally published by Appleton in 1923 and Bellescize in 1932, which was mainly used for synchronous reception of radio signals [1-2]. After that, PLL techniques were widely used in various industrial...
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...8.1 Nested Loops So far our loops have been straight forward. We saw examples of individual loops: pre-test, and post-test, pseodocode and C++ code. And we developed some projects that used the techniques illustrated in the examples. Programming in the real world, however, is seldom so simple. There are many situations requiring nested loops, where we find one loop structure embedded inside another. We will also see nested selection structures embedded in an embedded loop, but that comes later. You are now familiar with the three basic structures necessary to write any program: sequential, selection, and repetition. From now on most of our work will examine how to combine these structures into more and more complex structures. This is similar to the way we learn natural languages. We generally start with words, develop simple sentences, then compound and complex sentences. We then learn how to join sentences into paragraphs using key words to add coherence to our text, and so on. We are doing the same when we learn and eventually master a programming language. We now know the necessary structures and must learn to combine them into meaningful code to solve complex problems. We start with nested loops. Using any of the techniques we have just learned, try to write a multiplication table for the numbers 1 through 10. Your program should create a table similar to the following: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 4 8 12 16 20 24...
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...understand iteration To create loops in Python To create programs with conditional and iteration statements Iterative statements The loop mechanism causes repeated execution of a sequence of statements as long as a certain condition is true. Types of loops: While loop initialization condition update Write a program that prints the integer cube root of an integer. If the input is not a perfect cube, it prints a message to that effect. *Guttag, JV. Introduction to Computation Using Python We used “guess and check” or exhaustive enumeration as our algorithmic technique. For loop can be defined by range, strings*, or lists*. *We’ll use these for for loops when we get to these topics. start stop step Write a program that prints the sum of N integers. What would be the output of the following code? Describe the program. if-else + loops Given an integer n, create a program that does a count down (to zero) if the integer is positive and does a count up (to zero) if the integer is negative. Behavior changing keywords exits out of the smallest enclosing loop. terminates the loop and transfers execution to the statement after the loop forces a loop to loop again, skipping the rest of body Create a program that produces a random number and makes the user guess that number. Clues are given (higher or lower) to help the user guess the number. Loop statements may have an clause...
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...Lab 7 Homework PT 1420 4/28/2016 Short Answers 1-5 1. Why should you indent the statements in the body of a loop? When indenting your statements, you can make them stand out from surrounding code. 2. Describe the difference between pretest loops and posttest loops? A pretest loop test the conditions before each iteration while a posttest loop test after each iteration. 3. What is a condition-controlled loop? A way for computer programs to repeat one or more various steps depending on conditions set either by the programmer initially or real time. 4. What is a count-controlled loop? A counter variable used to control or keep track of the number of times a loop iterates. Initialization, test and increment. 5. What three actions do count- controlled loops typically perform using the counter variable? While loop, do-while loop and for loop. Algorithm Questions 1,2,7 and 8 1. declare integer product declare integer number product =0 do while product < 100 display “enter number” input number product = number*10 2. do{ sum =0 print(“enter=a”) read a print(“enter=b”) read b sum = a*b print(“sum=”+sum) print(‘ do you wish to continue”) read Response } while (RESPONSE) 7. Declare integer x =1 Do { while x > 0 display “enter a number” input x } End while 8. Declare string sure Display “are you sure you want to quit?” While sure != "Y" AND sure != "y" End while Programming exercises 1,3, and 4 1. Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim day1...
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...false | NOT false | True | | | | | 3. Relational Operators: A relational operator determines whether a specific relationship exists between two values. >, <, <-, =>, <=, ==, != (not equal to) 4. Repitition structures: A repetition structure causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly. 5. Condition controlled loop: A condition-controlled loop uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it repeats. 6. While loop: While loop has two parts (1) a condition that is tested for a true or false value, and (2)a statement or set of statements that is repeated as long as the condition is true. A pretest loop which means it tests a condition before performing an iteration. 7. Do While loop: A post-test loop. Which means it performs an iteration before testing its condition. 8. Sentinel: A special value that marks the end of a list of values. 9. For Statement: The For statement is specifically designed to initialize, test, and increment a counter variable. 10. Condition controlled repetition: A count controlled loop that uses a...
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...WEEK 3 DQ 2 PRG 211 * What are the similarities and differences between single alternative structures, dual alternative structures, and case structures? Provide an example of one of the three control structures using pseudocode. Try to provide an example that has not already been posted. Selection structures ask a question and, depending on the answer, take one of two courses of action. Then, no matter which path is followed, they continue on the next task. Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed on improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of subroutines, block structures and for and while loops. A single-alternative structure is a single block of statements to be executed or skipped. When a single alternative selection structure returns the value of true, the actions on the true branch of the structure are executed. If the expression returns false, no actions are executed and the program control continues to the next executable statement structure in the program. Dual-alternative structures contain two blocks of statements, one of which is to be executed, while the other one is skipped. A case structure executes one sub diagram depending on the input value passed to the structure. Only one sub diagram is visible at a time, and the structure executes only one case at a time. Case structures easily support multiple simple conditions that have similar actions compared to if/else statements. Single-alternative...
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...step in a while loop is typically to ____. a. compare the loop control variable to a constant value b. initialize the loop control variable c. increment the loop control variable d. execute the body of the loop ____ 7. The last step in a while loop is usually to ____. a. compare the loop control variable to a constant value b. initialize the loop control variable c. increment the loop control variable d. execute the body of the loop ____ 8. A(n) ____ loop executes a predetermined number of times. a. terminal c. indefinite b. definite d. infinite ____ 9. Once your logic enters the body of a structured loop, ____. a. the entire loop must execute ) the entire loop must execute b. the loop can be terminated with a break statement c. the loop will execute indefinitely d. a decision statement will be evaluated ____ 10. Many loop control variable values are altered by ____, or adding to them. a. incrementing c. accumulating b. decrementing d. deprecating ____ 11. A(n) ____ is any numeric variable you use to count the number of times an event has occurred. a. accumulator c. index b. key d. counter ____ 12. A loop within another loop is known as a(n) ____ loop. a. indefinite c. nested b. infinite d. hidden ____ 13. When one loop appears inside another, the loop that contains the other loop is called the ____ loop. a. indefinite c. inner b. definite d. outer ____ 14. Usually, when you create nested loops, each loop has its own ____...
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...Flowers: Magic Loop Step 1 Loop the yarn once (or a couple of times) around your finger Step 5 Pull the short length of yarn and the stitches will start to curl – pull it tight Step 2 Put your hook through the loop, bring through the long yarn length, then pull through yarn again (This does not count as a stitch) Single crochet around the loop Step 6 Slip stitch into the first single crochet to create a firm circle Step 3 Step 7 Cut yarn and pull through stitch Step 4 Single crochet around the loop, until you have five stitches on the loop Step 8 5 4 6 1 2 3 Although you have 5 stitches the casting off splits a stitch in two, so the 5 stitches gives you six finished stitches Tutorial by Brigitte Read Blog: http/www.littlegreen.typepad.com/romansock/ Report a problem: brigitte.read@gmail.com Mollie Flowers: The Flower (1) Step 1 Crochet into the first stitch Step 5 Insert the hook through the first stitch and draw a second loop through (4 loops on hook) Step 9 Insert the hook through the first stitch and draw a forth loop through (8 loops on hook) Step 2 Chain 3 stitches Step 6 Wrap the yarn over (5 loops on hook) The wrapped over yarn creates the extra loop on hook Step 10 Wrap the yarn over (9 loops on hook) The wrapped over yarn creates the extra loop on hook Step 3 Insert the hook into the first stitch, wrap the yarn over hook, draw a loop through (the length of the 3 chain) (2 loops on hook) Step...
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...a computer program. Counter-controlled repetition structure - used when a program needs to repeatedly process one or more instructions until some condition is met, at which time the loop ends. Many programming tasks are repetitive, having little variation from one item to the next. Condition controlled - Most programming languages have constructions for repeating a loop until some condition changes. Note that some variations place the test at the start of the loop, while others have the test at the end of the loop. Pre – test loop - the condition gets evaluated at the beginning of the loop cycle. Therefore, the body of the loop will not get executed if the condition does not hold the very first time. Post – Test loop - the loop condition gets evaluated at the end of the loop cycle. Therefore, the body of the loop will get executed at least once, regardless of the condition. This is a major difference between a pretest loop and a posttest loop. You may choose a posttest loop if the problem description justifies the body of the loop be executed at least once. Repetition Sequence/ Set of statements - A repetition structure causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly. Sequence – set of statements that execute in the order that they appear. Condition controlled loop - uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it repeats. Sentinel value - must be unique enough that it will not be mistaken as a regular value in the list....
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... 3. Repetition and sequence are alternate names for a loop structure. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 4. In a structured program, any structure can be nested within another structure. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 5. A structured program must contain a sequence, selection, and loop structure. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 6. Because you may stack and nest structures while retaining the overall structure, it might be difficult to determine whether a flowchart as a whole is structured. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 7. As a general rule, an eof question should always come immediately after an input statement because the end-of-file condition will be detected at input. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 8. Structured programming is sometimes called goto-less programming. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 9. No matter how complicated it is, any set of steps can always be reduced to combinations of the two basic structures of sequence and loop. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 10. The case structure is a variation of the sequence structure and the do loop is a variation of the while loop. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 11. Programs that use __C___ code logic are unstructured programs that do not follow the rules of structured logic. | a. | case | b. | loop | | c. | spaghetti | d. | nested | | | | ...
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... 3. Repetition and sequence are alternate names for a loop structure. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 4. In a structured program, any structure can be nested within another structure. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 5. A structured program must contain a sequence, selection, and loop structure. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 6. Because you may stack and nest structures while retaining the overall structure, it might be difficult to determine whether a flowchart as a whole is structured. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 7. As a general rule, an eof question should always come immediately after an input statement because the end-of-file condition will be detected at input. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 8. Structured programming is sometimes called goto-less programming. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 9. No matter how complicated it is, any set of steps can always be reduced to combinations of the two basic structures of sequence and loop. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 10. The case structure is a variation of the sequence structure and the do loop is a variation of the while loop. | a. | True | | b. | False | | | | 11. Programs that use _____ code logic are unstructured programs that do not follow the rules of structured logic. | a. | case | b. | loop | | c. | spaghetti | d. | nested | | | | ...
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...Answer Review Questions: Page 213 1.) Why should you indent the statements in the body of a loop? You visually set them apart from the surrounding code. 2.) Describe the difference between pretest loops and posttest loops? A pretest loop is a loop tests the condition before performing the iteration. A posttest loop performs the iteration, then tests the condition. 3.) What is a condition-controlled loop? A condition-controlled loop uses a true/false condition to control the number of times it repeats. 4.) What is a count-controlled loop 5.) What three actions do count-controlled loops typically perform using the counter variable? Initialization: Before the loop begins, the counter variable is initialized to a starting value. Test: The loop tests the counter variable by comparing it to a maximum value. If the counter variable is less than or equal to the maximum, the loop iterates. If the counter is greater than the maximum value, the program exits the loop. Increment: To increment a variable means to increase its value. During each iteration, the loop increments the counter variable by adding a predetermined amount to it. (Increasing by 1, 2 or 5) Algorithm Workbench Review Questions: 1. Design a While loop that lets the user enter a number. The number should be multiplied by 10, and the result stored in a variable named product. The loop should iterate as long as product contains a value less than 100. Main Declare Integer product Constant...
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...C H A P T E R 1.4 Structured Programming CHAPTER OUTLINE DECISION/SELECTION STRUCTURES REPETITION STRUCTURES INTRODUCTION Chapter Objectives At the end of the chapter, the student should be able to: understand how different program structure works; learn how to write algorithms using program structures; and evaluate algorithms which contain program structures. 2 DECISION/SELECTION STRUCTURES If-Then Statements A conditional statement used in directing program flow based on multiple decision criteria. It has an equivalent to the English form: “If such-and-such is true, then do so-and-so.” General forms: A. Single Selection 1. Single line If statement 2. If…Then B. Multiple Selection 3. If…Then…Else 4. Nested If…Then.. Else 5. If…Then…ElseIf DECISION/SELECTION STRUCTURES If-Then Statements 1. Single-Line Syntax: 2. If…Then…Syntax: If [Condition] Then [Statement] If [Condition] Then [Statements] End If 3. If...Then...Else Syntax: If [Condition] Then [Statements] Else [Statements] End If DECISION/SELECTION STRUCTURES If-Then Statements 4. Nested If...Then...Else Syntax Nesting is the process of embedding program statements in other statements Below is the syntax for Nested If-Then Statements: If [condition1] Then [VB statements] Else If [condition2] Then VB statements If [condition3] Then [VB statements] End If Else [VB Statements] End If End If DECISION/SELECTION STRUCTURES If-Then Statements 5. If-Then-ElseIf...
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