...SYNOPSIS OF THE LAST SUPPER ACCOUNTS Student’s Name Date In the New Testament, the Last Supper refers to the last meal that Jesus shared with his disciples on the night of his betrayal. This last meal mentioned in different terms in different texts. These terms include the Lord's Supper, Eucharist, communion and mass. The last supper serves as an encouragement and a unifying factor to Christians. It binds them in fellowship of love, trust and mutual acceptance. Sharing of the last supper is one of the orders that Jesus gave to his church. It is ideally Christian’s remembrance of Jesus, acknowledgement of his presence, confident hope in his second coming, fellowship with him and his people, self-examination, thanksgiving and gratitude. 1This paper explores the last supper event as presented by the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and 1st Corinthians. Historical Background of the Last Supper The last supper concept dates back to the early times in the Old Testament where Jews used to celebrate the Passover. The Passover ritual entailed an opening course where the paterfamilias spoke a blessing over the first cup of wine. The preliminary dish comprised green herbs, bitter herbs and a sauce made...
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...RELIGIOUS STUDIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF DIVINITY IN CHAPLAINCY BY SULEIMAN ABBA LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA MARCH 2013 Abstract The Early Church was a minority religious movement which faced significant threats of persecution in their daily practice of faith. As a result there was no detailed structure of worship as seen in the present day Christian worship. However, worship in those days paved way for the current settings of various churches which have greatly evolved over time. Worship was characterized by several aspects such as baptism, organizing prayer meetings and gatherings, rejoicing through songs, listening to the scriptures, collection of charity and using their spiritual gifts among others. Additionally, during those early days of Christianity, Christians often met in church assemblies for the ceremonial get together meal (Lord’s Supper) or for thanksgiving and singing gatherings. This paper critically analyzes the various practices of early church such as the singing of psalms and hymns, gathering in church assemblies, vocal thanksgiving, the Lord’s Supper as well as the practice of baptism. Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………i Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………….ii 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................1 1.1 What is Worship?.......................................
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...THEOLOGY OF WORSHIP ___________________ A Paper Presented to Dr. Timothy J. Ralston Dallas Theological Seminary ___________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course PM302 – Pastoral Theology and Leadership II ___________________ By Kevin Goldsmith May 30, 2011 Box #640 THEOLOGY OF WORHSIP Introduction Worship has been around since the creation to recognize the Creator, and is extremely important to the church. “Worship is the single activity that both unifies and transcends time.”1 However, the method in which the believer has worshipped God has changed and looks different. So one must ask the question, what is the proper way to worship God? Or what are the nonnegotiable parts that must be included to worship? In this paper we will develop a philosophy to determine what worship is, what should be included in worship today, and how important theology is to the leader of the worship experience. Defining Worship There are three terms in the bible that help us to understand worship. The first word is hwjtvh, which literally means to bow down. This word “emphasizes the way an Israelite thought of approaching the to the holy presence of God.”2 The second Old Testament word we must look at is dAbDo meaning to serve. “The highest designation of the Hebrew in his engagement with the worship of God is just this word servant.”3 In the New Testament the word most often used for worship is proskune÷w. This word carries the same meaning as to bow Timothy J...
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...With reference to careful personal observations of the NIV some items became clear. Matthew and Mark says they all partook. All the accounts show the relationship between to the Passover. Paul is the only one that does not mention the betrayer or how the betrayer was identified. Paul only mentioned that on the night he was betrayed. This is likely more a reference to when rather than who. That being said though, he refers to Israel’s leaven and their failures to keep the Passover clean in earlier chapters. Paul does not mention Jesus taking communion with them in heaven. He instead focuses on the proclamation of the Lord’s death and its meaning until he comes. Luke and John mention the body posture at the table. Luke mentions the New...
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...displays many chivalrous acts; however, he has to overcome his fears to remain a chivalrous knight. One example of chivalry in the poem is when Gawain makes an engagement with the Green Knight that he will chop off the Green Knight’s head. Gawain agreed to return in a year to allow the Green Knight to return his blow. Gawain’s chivalry is clear when he returns to receive his end of the contract with the Green Knight. This is clear as Tolkien translates, “‘On my word, sir, I welcome thee with a will to my place, / and thou hast timed thy travels as trusty man should, / and...
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...biblical canon, is overwhelmed with characters that resemble and act out various human complexities. Indeed, one must look no further than the texts encompassed by the Torah and Nevi’im to find personalities riddled with discontent: From Adam and Eve’s pervasive curiosity with greater knowledge, Lot’s wife looking back after fleeing Solom, or Joseph’s brother’s violent jealousy; all characters bring forth some attribute that ultimately leads towards their downfall. Further, although varying in context and motivations, all share one unifying characteristic: The defiance of God, or God’s direct Word, in pursuit of their own self interest. No doubt all former characters understood the implications of their...
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...Lecture 4: The Rise of the Manorial System Western Europe after the Fall of Rome A. By the 4th Century, the crushing tax burdens had forced small farmers to cede their land to local tax-exempt lords and seek their protection, setting up the foundations of feudalism. 1. Review of conditions at end of Roman Empire. a. Taxes were imposed on the peasantry, but landed elite were tax exempt. b. When state revenues declined, the state went out and forcibly collected more taxes from the peasants. c. Peasants responded by fleeing land and seeking protection of tax-exempt lords (early manors). d. As peasants fled land, led to localized labor shortages and reduction in tax base. Population in towns and cities declined due to lack of provisions. 2. Futile Economic Reform Efforts a. Diocletian (284-305) * Established regular contributions to the state rather than uncertain obligations. * fixed wages and prices. b. Constantine (306-337) * Bound peasants to land. * Made offices (occupations) hereditary. c. Theodosian Code (Theodosius I, 379-395) sought to lock men into their places and organize population into hereditary classes. Reforms offered only temporary stability could not stop process of decline. Led to very different economic/social structure than that of classical world: Great estates (latifundia) became self-sufficient, self-contained economies. B. The constant invasions...
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...characters in the narrative are the Lord, David, Gad, Joab, and Araunah. The characters in this chapter of the Bible come from categories ranging from a mixture of round, fully developed, characters, such as David, and the Lord Himself, to flat characters with a basic quality or specific function such as Gad, Joab and Araunah. The Lord's sovereignty is highlighted in the story wherein He is depicted inciting David and judging David for the sin he committed. He gave David a choice in the type of punishment to be imposed, and imposed said punishment. He stayed the Angel's hand before the destruction of Jerusalem, and instructed David, by way of Gad, to build an altar and atone for his sins. David was Israel's king; he was incited by the Lord and he sinned by directing Joab to conduct a census. When given a choice by the Lord, he chose the punishment and went on to repent by building an altar and making sacrifices to the Lord. It is this fullness of character and the storyline dedicated to the Lord, as well as King David, which inevitably renders them as round characters in the narrative. Gad was a prophet who was appointed within David's court to act as his seer. Gad’s role in this narrative was to be the messenger between the Lord and King David. Joab, who was the Commander of King David’s Army was tasked with, and carried out, the census. He then reported back to King David with the results of the...
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...the New Testament by the birth, life, death, resurrection, and the ascension of Lord Jesus. Lord Jesus is the cornerstone, of the church that has been built from our Lord God Spirit. Lord Jesus, appear here on Earth, from the Kingdom of Heaven for forty days teaching and giving instructions to the disciples about the restoration of the new Church of Israel. Jesus than ascended back into heaven from the site of Mount Olivet, (Acts 1.9-12),while the disciples stay put in Jerusalem for the Promise of the Father (Acts 1.6-7) to be accomplish. Now after 50 days on the day of Pentecost, Jesus disciples held a meeting in the upper room (prayer room) for the replacement of Judas. The disciples cast and threw lots and Matthias was picked for the twelve disciples. A sound came from heaven as strong wind’s appears and filled the whole house where they were sitting. The wind filled the house with the coming of the Holy Spirit and all the Apostles were Baptist by the Holy Spirit, speaking tongues of fire for ever nations to understand them. Now all who received the power of the Holy Spirit also understood that this is part of the Great Commission. They went out speaking about the Father, and the Son and the Holy Spirit. On that day Peter was filled...
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...Israel accepts the terms of the Lord’s words, Moses, Aaron, two sons of Aaron (Nadab, Abihu) and 70 other elders of Israel see God in order to more fully testify of him. Moses was then called up into the mount and dwelt with God for forty days and forty nights. There, he received the stone tablets where upon the Lord wrote his law for the Children of Israel. Questions that the Verses Answer: 1. Who did the Lord tell Moses to take with him to worship afar off? (24:1) 2. Who was not allowed to come near unto the Lord? (24:2) 3. What was the Children of Israel’s reply to hearing the Lord’s word? (24:3) 4. What did Moses do with the words of the Lord after he told them to the Children of Israel? (24:4) 5. Who helped Moses perform the burnt offerings and sacrifices? (Ex. 24:5) 6. How did the Children of Israel outwardly express their commitment to the Lord’s word? (Ex. 24:6-7) 7. What book did Moses write the word of the Lord in? (Ex. 24:7) 8. What did Moses do with the blood of the sacrifice? (Ex 24:8) 9. Who saw the God of Israel? (Ex. 24:9) 10. What did the Elders of the Seventy do with God? (Ex. 24:11) 11. What did Moses receive from the Lord on the mount? (Ex. 24:12) 12. What was written on the tablets? (Ex. 24:12) 13. Who went up with Moses to the Mount of God? (Ex. 24:13) 14. What did Moses tell the Elders to do before he went up to the top of the Mount of the Lord? (Ex. 24:14) 15. What day on the Mount did the Lord call...
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...Lucy Edmond HIST 1040-02 Unfree labor systems were widely used for agricultural production in the period 1450 to 1750. Analyze the major similarities and differences between Caribbean Slavery and the Russian Serfdom. History has its random ways of recreating itself in which individuals themselves cannot explain why. Between the era of the 1450’s and the 1750’s, history establishes a devastating way of making the lives of certain individuals easier while making lives of others back breaking, cruel, and unethical. Though slavery may have occurred in some small areas of the world, it became popular after the benefits of owning a slave were established. With the dominating countries of Portugal and Spain, historians began to identify their excellence in economy, wealth, and prosperity throughout this era. With their vast migration of slaves from one part of the world to another, the beginning of a new culture was created. Under their free-will, Africans were widely spread out through the western hemisphere of the world. With the Mongols in power, peasants in Russia were considered as free farmers that had legal positions that were high than serfs in the Medieval era. But, it all changed once the peasants soon gained debt after the fall of the Tatar, thus leaving them no choice but to accept a submissive status under the lords ruling. The beginning of the serfdom class was than created as a way to formally help the peasants with their large debt to the government. An individual...
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... I know that easily, the toughest part of the Christian walk is faith without sight. How easy would living this life be if we could touch or see God? You can touch and see false idols. Ezekiel 8 captured my attention completely. It paints such a vivid picture of how God sees us when we turn away from him. The entire chapter is of this vision given by a figure with flames from the waist down and gold from the waist up. He is taken to three different locations within Jerusalem and shown detestable images in God’s sight. I’ll just speak about the last paragraph in the chapter as you can almost feel God’s anger in the words. “He brought me to the inner court of the Lord’s temple. There, at the entrance of the Lord’s temple, between the porch and the altar, were 25 men facing towards the east with their backs to the Lord’s temple. They were bowing to the sun in the east. (Ezekiel 8:16) (Does this sound familiar? I believe this is the actions of those in the Muslim faith) “They have filled the land with violence, and they continue to provoke my fury……..even though they call out loudly to me in my hearing, I won’t listen to them.” (Ezekiel 8:17-18) Imagine that,...
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...Mormonism and Christianity are practically the same thing, right? Mormonism is just a rectified version. Both religions worship the same God and believe in the Bible. Wrong. Mormonism was founded in the 1820’s by a man named Joseph Smith, in the United States. Smith claimed to have a revelation from God, calling him to become a prophet of God and start a new religion. He also claimed he was visited by an angel called Moroni, who presented him with a set of golden plates which he translated into the Book of Mormon, which acts as a key to the Scriptures. The Church of Latter-day Saints does indeed study the Bible but only in accordance with the other three fundamental works of faith including The Book of Mormon, Pearl of Great Price, and...
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...The Lord Prayer The Bible verse that I have chosen for my Exegesis paper is Matthew 6:9-13. This verse states: (KJV) 9 After this manner therefore pray ye; Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. 10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. 11 Give us our day our daily bread. 12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. 13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and glory, forever. Amen I have include an excerpt from my thematic paper in reference to the author of this verse. I find that it is important and is relating to the structure of the Gospel and the verse. Matthew: Many sources have the Gospel of Matthew being written in Hebrew and its intended audience were the Jews. Many people say “there are no Hebrew manuscripts of this text.” Upon further investigation this is true to an extent. This question first arose in the 16th Century by the Dutch Theologian and patristic scholar Desiderius Erasmus.” He concluded that there was no evidence of an Aramaic or Hebrew original of Matthews Gospel; it is ineffective to argue Matthews Gospel originally appeared in Aramatic and was translated to Greek.” Matthew’s Gospel relies heavily on the quotations and prophecies from the Old Testament, some believe that the author was a Jew who wrote his gospel for other Jews. We later learned that the Gospel was written in Greek and the Old Testament references were taken...
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...[pic] Christian Relationships Unit 1: Worship 1. Preliminary concerns 1.1. Misconceptions about worship The first popular misconception is that ‘worship is singing’. We treat ‘worship’ and ‘singing praises’ as synonymous terms. We speak as if they are the same thing. To reduce worship to singing is to dilute the biblical concept of worship in a way that is grossly irresponsible. It reduces the richness of biblical worship to one of its components. Yet when many Christians today commonly speak about worship, they mean nothing more than ‘singing’. |When you think or speak of worship, do you automatically associate it with ‘singing worship songs’? Is this the common usage| |in your church? If so, how do you think this fault crept into your vocabulary? | | | There are probably many ways this misconception has crept into our language and our thought. One key factor is that we have tended to label Christian music as ‘worship’, and we often call the person who leads the singing in our churches ‘the worship leader’. Unfortunately, this has caused us to equate worship with singing. A second misconception is that ‘worship is something we do on special occasions’. Worship is what we do when we gather with God’s people. The activities that make...
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