...con tu forma de ser. Feliz primer aniversario, amor mío”. Siempre soñé con encontrar el amor verdadero y lo encontré en ti amor. Te quiero dar gracias por eso, porque hiciste todos mis sueños realidad, porque me enseñaste lo que es amar de verdad. Quédate a mi lado y celebramos muchos aniversarios más. ¡Feliz aniversario, mi amor! Hoy cumplimos dos meses hermosos juntos y estoy feliz de ver como todo entre los dos mejora con el tiempo, sé que seguiremos juntos y no puedo esperar para ver lo querealidad, porque me enseñaste lo que es amar de verdad. Quédate a mi lado y celebramos muchos aniversarios más. ¡Feliz aniversario, mi amor! Hoy cumplimos dos meses hermosos juntos y estoy feliz de ver como todo entre los dos mejora con el tiempo, sé que seguiremos juntos y no puedo esperar para ver lo que nos develará el futuro❤️ Han pasado tres meses desde que te pedí que fueras mi novia y no lo sabría si no fuera por el calendario, porque a tu lado los momentos hermosos pasan en segundos, te amo mi vida Feliz día de San Valentín, te amo como nunca pensé amar. Me siento muy orgullosa de ser tu novia, y de que te hayas fijado en mí No debes desconfiar de mis sentimientos. En mi pensamiento sólo estás tu. Tu provocas tanta felicidad en mi ser y por eso te amo tanto Tu me has demostrado que me amas como a ningún otro por eso nuestros sentimientos son recíprocos. Lo único que quiero es que siempre seamos una pareja feliz Desde la primera vez que te vi sentí una fuerte...
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...¡Feliz cumpleaños ...papi! Papito de mi corazón, todos los días le pido a DIOS, especialmente hoy, que te BENDIGA, que te de salud y mucha vida, para que siempre estés con nosotros, le pido también que no sufras, que todo se arregle, y que nunca te sientas culpable por nada. Desde hoy, tu y nosotros vamos a prosperar, todo se va a solucionar, ¡ya verás!, te pido paciencia, tranquilidad y mucha FE, porque el SEÑOR siempre estará a nuestro lado y de nuestro lado, para que todo nos vaya bien, se FUERTE. Yo no puedo ayudarte con dinero, pero si con lo más maravilloso que me dio DIOS , mi AMOR, porque te adoro, porque tu eres el mejor PAPÁ. Te quiero decir que no podría imaginarme sin ti, deseo tenerte a mi lado para decirte cuanto te AMO y agradecerte por todas las cosas buenas que has hecho por nosotros, por tu sabiduría, tu ejemplo, tu responsabilidad, por cumplirnos con todos los caprichos y saber ser PADRE y un AMIGO con el que podemos contar, por ser nuestro apoyo constante, tu eres muy valioso en mi ser. Papá que cortita palabra, pero que ¡inmensa a la vez! Me acuerdo que cuando era chica te veía como un héroe, capaz de protegerme hasta del peor monstruo que me quisiera hacer daño, capaz de arreglar cualquier cosa… pero a medida que he crecido he empezado a ver al ser de carne y hueso, el que ha dado todo porque sea feliz, el amigo, que con sólo unas palabras es capaz de hacerme entender muchas cosas, el hombre que también puede caerse de vez en cuando. pero que siempre...
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...In memory of Amos Tversky Contents Introduction Part I. Two Systems 1. The Characters of the Story 2. Attention and Effort 3. The Lazy Controller 4. The Associative Machine 5. Cognitive Ease 6. Norms, Surprises, and Causes 7. A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions 8. How Judgments Happen 9. Answering an Easier Question Part II. Heuristics and Biases 10. The Law of Small Numbers 11. Anchors 12. The Science of Availability 13. Availability, Emotion, and Risk 14. Tom W’s Specialty 15. Linda: Less is More 16. Causes Trump Statistics 17. Regression to the Mean 18. Taming Intuitive Predictions Part III. Overconfidence 19. The Illusion of Understanding 20. The Illusion of Validity 21. Intuitions Vs. Formulas 22. Expert Intuition: When Can We Trust It? 23. The Outside View 24. The Engine of Capitalism Part IV. Choices 25. Bernoulli’s Errors 26. Prospect Theory 27. The Endowment Effect 28. Bad Events 29. The Fourfold Pattern 30. Rare Events 31. Risk Policies 32. Keeping Score 33. Reversals 34. Frames and Reality Part V. Two Selves 35. Two Selves 36. Life as a Story 37. Experienced Well-Being 38. Thinking About Life Conclusions Appendix Uncertainty A: Judgment Under Appendix B: Choices, Values, and Frames Acknowledgments Notes Index Introduction Every author, I suppose, has in mind a setting in which readers of his or her work could benefit from having read it. Mine is the proverbial office watercooler, where opinions are shared and gossip is exchanged. I...
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...HEBREW EXEGESIS BS 016 AN EXEGESIS OF THE BOOK OF AMOS 5:4-6 NAME: TABEA MATAUNICERE LECTURER: REV. PAULINI VUICUVU 13-Aug-15 Hebrew Exegesis BS 016 Introduction Hebrew exegesis is the art of taking out the meaning of the text from that Bible and not adding it on. Many times we have looked at the Bible from our own perspective and not what the real author intended it to be its real meaning. Doing exegesis is just trying to get to the original intention of the author. In this assignment I will be doing an exegesis on the book of Amos 5:4-6 whereby I will try to get closer to the real intention of the author, by looking at different translation, words, background and by following the exegetical processes that was given to us in class. Outline I. Text II. Translation A. Version comparison B. Own translation III. Historical Context and Literary Context A. Immediate background B. Date C. Authorship D. Geographical Setting E. Social Setting IV. Form and Structure A. Genre B. Structural Plan V. Grammatical Data and Lexical Data A. Grammatical issues B. Lexical Data VI. Biblical context and Theology VII. Secondary literature VIII. Application IX. Conclusion I. Text: Amos 5:4-6 I have chosen the text from the book of Amos 5:4-6. Because in the Hebrew bible this is a unit with in itself: NASB: (v4) for thus says the LORD to the house of Israel, "Seek Me that you may live. (v5) "But do not resort to , And do not...
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...The book that I chose for this book review is Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman. He is an Israeli-American psychologist and winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. He is notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, behavioral economics and hedonic psychology. The main thesis of the book is quite simple. When judging the world around us, we use two mental systems: Fast and Slow. The Fast system (System 1) is mostly unconscious and makes snap judgments based on our past experiences and emotions. When we use this system we are as likely to be wrong as we are to be right. The Slow system (System 2) is more rational, conscious and slow. They work together to provide us with a view of the world around us. Together, they shape our impressions of the world around us and help us make choices. System 1 is largely unconscious and it makes snap judgments based upon our memory of similar events and our emotions. System 2 is painfully slow, and is the process by which we consciously check the facts and think carefully and rationally. Problem is, System 2 is easily distracted and hard to engage, and System 1 is wrong as often as it is right. System 1 is easily swayed by our emotions. Some examples he cites include the fact that pro golfers are more accurate when putting for par than they are for birdie, regardless of distance, and people buy more cans of soup when there's a sign on the display that says "Limit 12 per customer." An easier way...
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...(Festinger, Riecken and Schachter 1956). When two simultaneously held cognitions are inconsistent, this will produce a state of cognitive dissonance. Because the experience of dissonance is unpleasant, the person will strive to reduce it by changing their beliefs. Pratt (1964) considers utility functions, risk aversion and also risks considered as a proportion of total assets. Tversky and Kahneman (1973) introduced the availability heuristic: ‘a judgmental heuristic in which a person evaluates the frequency of classes or the probability of events by availability, i.e. by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.’ The reliance on the availability heuristic leads to systematic biases. 1 In 1974, two brilliant psychologists, Amos Tversky and Daniel...
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...THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LVI, NO. 4 • AUGUST 2001 Investor Psychology and Asset Pricing DAVID HIRSHLEIFER* ABSTRACT The basic paradigm of asset pricing is in vibrant f lux. The purely rational approach is being subsumed by a broader approach based upon the psychology of investors. In this approach, security expected returns are determined by both risk and misvaluation. This survey sketches a framework for understanding decision biases, evaluates the a priori arguments and the capital market evidence bearing on the importance of investor psychology for security prices, and reviews recent models. The best plan is . . . to profit by the folly of others. — Pliny the Elder, from John Bartlett, comp. Familiar Quotations, 9th ed. 1901. IN THE MUDDLED DAYS BEFORE THE RISE of modern finance, some otherwisereputable economists, such as Adam Smith, Irving Fisher, John Maynard Keynes, and Harry Markowitz, thought that individual psychology affects prices.1 What if the creators of asset-pricing theory had followed this thread? Picture a school of sociologists at the University of Chicago proposing the Deficient Markets Hypothesis: that prices inaccurately ref lect all available information. A brilliant Stanford psychologist, call him Bill Blunte, invents the Deranged Anticipation and Perception Model ~or DAPM!, in which proxies for market misvaluation are used to predict security returns. Imagine the euphoria when researchers discovered that these mispricing proxies...
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...1.- Problem statement and motivation How do Financial Markets participants make decisions? How do these decisions affect the financial markets? With the financial markets in Asia being the largest in the world, such an interesting environment with participants displaying different levels of capitalism, financial market experience and knowledge, Asia is definitely a fertile ground for the study od behavioral finance. According to conventional financial theory, the world and its participants are, for the most part, rational "wealth maximizers". However, there are many instances where emotion and psychology influence our decisions, causing us to behave in unpredictable or irrational ways. Asians in general suffer from cognitive biases, more so than Westerners, often being viewed as ‘Gamblers. Behavioral finance is a relatively new field that seeks to combine behavioral and cognitive psychological theory with conventional economics and finance to provide explanations for why people make irrational financial decisions .It calls for investigation into higher mental processes, memory, perception, problem solving and thinking .This paper looks at some of the anomalies (i.e., irregularities) that conventional financial theories have failed to explain. In addition, review underlying reasons and biases that cause some people to behave irrationally. 2.- Brief survey of the literature The following areas of research have been covered, from the mid 1980’s to the main focus of the article(special...
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...[pic] Ecole Supérieure Libre des Sciences Commerciales Appliquées Review of Literature Behavioral Finance Presented to Dr. Mohamed EL-Hennawy Group Assignment Prepared By Albert Naguib Noha Samir Wael Shams EL-Din Moshira Gamil Marie Zarif January 2012 | TABLE OF CONTENTS | | | |List of Table………………………………………………………………………….. | |List of Figure ………………………………………………………………………… | |List of Abbreviations/Acronyms ……………………………………………………. | |Introduction……………………………………………………………………….. | |2. Appearance of Behavioral Finance…………………………………………………… | |2.1. Important Contributors…………………………………………………. ………. | |3. Behavioral Biases…………………………………………………………………… ...
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...The relationship between risk-adverse and risk-seeking in the framing effect Nina Lesani Douglas College 300065965 Dr. Hajera Rostam Psychology 1200-003 July 10 th, 2014 Relationship between risk-adverse and risk-seeking in the framing effect The way information is presented can greatly impact one’s judgments and decisions on the received information. For instance, the presentation of a cancer treatment in terms of mortality or survival may significantly influence one’s decision whether or not to accept the treatment. It’s important, therefore, to understand the processes behind people’s susceptibility to information presentation and how this may influence their judgements and decisions. The presentation of ideas in different manners influences the way the audience perceives the idea and this phenomenon is called “framing”, as introduced by Tversky and Kahneman (1981), who specifically studied its effects in the decision making preferences of people. The framing effect, such as the one found in the Asian disease problem, is often explained by using Tversky and Kahnman’s (1979) prospect theory. This theory is based on the idea that people value gains and losses differently, and, as such, will base their decisions on perceived gains rather than perceived avoided losses. Thus, if a person were given two equal choices, one expressed in terms of possible gains and the other in possible avoided losses, people would choose the former; even if both achieve the same end results...
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...Once upon a time there lived a young lad named Herbert. Herbert was the son of Amos the great dragon slayer. Amos was a noble man who was very well respected and well known for his courageous deeds and fierce battles. “Oh I want to kill a fierce dragon one day, just like my father did,” said Herbert, while swaying his sword left to right, practicing for the great day. Herbert’s mother was very proud of the family reputation, so she wanted Herbert to learn the skills and trade of the family business. One day Herbit’s mother walked into Herbit’s room and asked him “Herbit can you please go out into the forest to collect some wood, for winter is arriving soon.” “No mama, I am training for the great day, when I Herbit will kill my first dragon,” said Herbit, but his mother ordered him to go into the forest, so off Herbert went. “I don’t have time for petty choirs like this” said Herbit, “I must practice for the great day, for I shall be like my father the great dragon slayer, then I will be known throughout the land”. So he chose his friend Georgie the Porgy who looked up to Herbit. Georgie Porgy was very well known throughout the village for his wisdom, he had no father and his mother was a drunkard, he was teased a lot and had no friends, so Georgie Porgie was well pleased to serve Herbert. Week after week, Georgie Porgie would gather the wood in the forest to chop. A year later Herbert’s mother asked Herbert to practice his sword...
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...dissonance (Festinger, Riecken and Schachter 1956). When two simultaneously held cognitions are inconsistent, this will produce a state of cognitive dissonance. Because the experience of dissonance is unpleasant, the person will strive to reduce it by changing their beliefs. Pratt (1964) considers utility functions, risk aversion and also risks considered as a proportion of total assets. Tversky and Kahneman (1973) introduced the availability heuristic: ‘a judgmental heuristic in which a person evaluates the frequency of classes or the probability of events by availability, i.e. by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.’ The reliance on the availability heuristic leads to systematic biases. 1 In 1974, two brilliant psychologists, Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, described...
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...I take great pride in my individuality . Audience – clothing , flaws Being an individual is easy to want, but hard to attain. Teens nowadays only want to fit in, not to stand out. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines individuality as 'total character peculiar to and distinguishing an individual from others'. Being an individual is described as 'peculiar'. Not many people want to feel peculiar. They want to feel normal, just like everybody else. Individuality is a wonderful thing, though, that can only be accomplished by loving yourself. 'There's room for everybody on the planet to be creative and conscious if you are your own person. If you're trying to be like somebody else, then there isn't.' That quote was said by Tori Amos, and it is so true. There's no room on this earth for another lackadaisical Joe Schmo. When everybody wears the same clothes, has the same hairstyle, talks about the same things, and has the same beliefs, all the kids in the school hallway just blend together into one blob of boredom. That is why individuality is so important. No one wants to live a totally predictable life. No one who hates themselves will be a true individual. If you dislike yourself, why on earth would you want others to dislike you for being diiferent? Someone who loves themselves and embraces their flaws will achieve being an individual. If you are confident about yourself, you can feel comfortable standing out. You can glow from within, as if saying to the world: Here...
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...Where Are You From Shyness, fear, anger, and even hatred are feelings people have about the unknown. The best way to overcome these feeling is to learn about the thing that causes them. There are too many people in this world that hate based the color of one’s skin or the beliefs of a particular culture. In 1657 John Amos Comenius wrote, “We are all citizens of one world, we are all of one blood. To hate a man because he was born in another country, because he speaks a different language, or because he takes a different view on this subject or that, is a great folly.” (Nutbrown, 2008) Over 350 years ago someone had the foresight to put this in words, yet people of these modern times still struggle to see it the significance of these two sentences. In the first sentence of Comenius’ quote is easy to understand. If it were easy to jump on a spacecraft, leave the earth, and look at it from a distance, most people would see that the earth is just a tiny speck in giant sea of floating rocks. So, why is there hate among brothers and sisters of the same planet? Why is it difficult to get along with others because they come from a different piece of the same rock? If it came down to another life form from another big rock attacking, would people band together to protect what is theirs? Life on this rock had to start somewhere. Whether it was a big bang or an evolution of life, everyone on this rock came from the same source of life. The second sentence of Comenius’ quote...
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...The Life of a Little Woman Louisa May Alcott was a 19th century writer whose work has continued to grace the homes of many over the years. Much of her writing was influenced by the events of her life and her experiences. Her career as a writer started at a young age and continued to grow until the end of her life. Alcott wrote a variety of pieces and for a wide audience. She was a multitalented woman whose writing was one of few steady aspects of her life. Louisa May Alcott was a talented writer who led an interesting life. Louisa May Alcott was born on November 29, 1832 (Durbin). She was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania to Amos Bronson Alcott and Abigail May Alcott (Durbin). Louisa was one of four daughters born to the Alcotts. She had an older sister, named Anna, and two younger sisters, named Lizzie and May (Durbin). The Alcotts moved somewhat frequently throughout Louisa’s life, and many of their moves were due to her father’s job or other familial needs. They first moved to Boston for her father’s career as an educator and then to Concord (Durbin). Louisa May Alcott received the beginnings of her education in Boston and Concord, although she never received any formal education. Most of Alcott’s learning came from her father who was an “idealistic philosopher” and teacher (Louisa May Alcott). “Her father believed strongly in the values of high moral principles, self-reliance, reading, and philosophical discussion”, and he taught many of these things to his daughters...
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