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Louis Vuitton Case

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2. Dysfonctionnements dans le management de la Supply Chain et recommandations
Dysfonctionnements dans le management de la Supply Chain :

* Mauvaise circulation de l’information, désaccords stratégiques entre les directeurs de service ; * Fréquence des ruptures de stocks ; * Demande prévue sous-évaluée par rapport à la demande effective, crée la rareté d’une certaine manière mais c’est un manque à gagner énorme. (crainte des invendus) ; * Structure lourde (Gros centre logistique, entrepôt central) permet un contrôle et gage de qualité mais perd en flexibilité ; * Délais dans le traitement des commandes : Points de vente font des commandes seulement 1 fois par mois sachant que les délais d’approvisionnement sont de 6 à 8 semaines ; * Délais et coût du transport : 3 semaines en bateau et/ou €1500/tonne en avion pour satisfaire les ruptures de stock ; * Incohérence entre le mode production artisanal, long et coûteux et le lancement accéléré de nouveaux produits qui demande de la réactivité et de la flexibilité.

Recommandations :

* Accroitre l’indépendance des entrepôts, dans leur prise de décision, commandes à la base ;

* Insister sur la circulation de l’information entre les différents points de vente, traitement direct de l’information entre les points de vente et les sites de production pour une meilleure réactivité ;

* Refonder la structure de la Supply Chain de façon à ce que la Demande soit l’instigateur du renouvellement des commandes, permet une meilleure analyse de la Demande ainsi que plus de réactivité ;

* Implanter des sites de production dans les pays qui comptent de nombreux points de vente (exemple : Chine). 3. Calcul des pertes dues aux invendus et ruptures de stock et calcul des gains nets dans le cas de l’adoption du transport aérien pour tous les produits. | | Commentaires / formules | | | Commentaires / formules | | | Coûts logistiques | | | Hyp 1 (situation actuelle) (situation actuelle) | | Hyp 2 (frêt aérien) | | CA Total | | 3 800 | en M€ | | 3 800 | en M€ | | Prix de revient | | 0,15 | en % | | 0,15 | en % | | | 15%*CA Total | 570 | en M€ | 15%*CA Total | 570 | en M€ | | Coût logistique | | 0,13 | en % | Doublement des coûts | 0,26 | en % | | | 13%*Prix de revient | 74,1 | en M€ | 26%*Prix de revient | 148,2 | en M€ | Structure du CA | | | Hyp 1 (situation actuelle) | | Hyp 2 (frêt aérien) | | Marge opérationnelle | La marge opérationnelle de Louis Vuitton est de 45% | 0,45 | en % | | 0,45 | en % | | CA Maroquinerie | La marge opérationnelle de l'activité Maroquinerie est de 87% de l'entreprise Louis Vuitton | 0,87 | en % du CA Total | | 0,87 | en % du CA Total | | | 87%*3800 | 3 306 | en M€ | 87%*3800 | 3 306 | en M€ | | Part des produits classiques | | 0,8 | en % | | 0,8 | en % | | CA maroquinerie "produits classiques" | 80%*3 306 | 2 644,8 | en M€ | 80%*3 306 | 2 644,8 | en M€ | | CA maroquinerie "produits mode" | CA Maroquinerie-CA "Produits classiques" | 661,2 | en M€ | CA Maroquinerie-CA "Produits classiques" | 661,2 | en M€ | | Autres "produits mode" | Pourcentage restant 13% | 0,13 | en % du CA Total | Pourcentage restant 13% | 0,13 | en % du CA Total | | | 13%*3800 | 494 | en M€ | 13%*3800 | 494 | en M€ | | Total "mode" | Maroquinerie '"Produits mode" + autres "produits mode" | 1 155,2 | en M€ | "Produits mode" et autres "produits mode" | 1155,2 | en M€ | Ventes perdues | | | Hyp 1 (situation actuelle) | | Hyp 2 (frêt aérien) | | Part des clients non servis | 8 sur 100 ne peuvent être servis | 0,08 | en % | | 0,08 | en % | | Part des clients non servis qui achètent autre chose | 10% de la part des clients non servis | 0,008 | en % | | 0,008 | en % | | Part des clients non servis qui reportent leur achat et patientent | 20% de la part des clients non servis | 0,016 | en % | | 0,016 | en % | | Part des clients pour qui la vente est définitivement perdue | Les70% restants de la part des clients non servis | 0,056 | en % | | 0,056 | en % | | Part des clients non servis en "produits classique" | 2 clients sur 100 | 0,02 | en % | 3 sur 4 clients des clients insatisfaits deviennent satisfaits, ainsi 25% resteront insatisfaits. Soit 0,25*0,02 | 0,005 | en % | | CA perdu "produits classiques" | 2644,8*(2%*5,6%) | 2,962 | en M€ | 2644,8*(0,5%*5,6%) | 0,741 | en M€ | | Part des clients non servis en "produits mode" | 1 client sur 5 | 0,2 | en % | 3 sur 4 clients des clients insatisfaits deviennent satisfaits, ainsi 25% resteront insatisfaits. Soit 0,25*0,2 | 0,05 | en % | | CA perdu "produits mode" | CA Total "mode" * (20%*5,6%) | 12,938 | en M€ | Total "mode" * (5%*5,6%) | 3,235 | en M€ | | CA total perdu | CA perdu "produits classiques"+ CA perdu " produits mode" | 15,9 | en M€ | CA perdu "produits classiques"+ CA perdu "produits mode" | 3,975 | en M€ | | Total perdu en marge brute | 45% * CA total perdu «Produits mode" | 7,155 | en M€ | 45% * CA total perdu | 1,789 | en M€ | Surface de vente | Impact de l'augmentation de la surface de vente sur le CA | | | | Augmentation du CA de 3% | 0,03 | % | | Ventes supplémentaires liée à l'augmentation de la surface | | | | 3800*3% | 114 | en M€ | Invendus | | | Hyp 1 (situation actuelle) | | Hyp 2 (frêt aérien) | | 1. Destruction | | | | | | | Total prix de revient mode | 15%* CA Total "mode" | 173,28 | en M€ | | 173,28 | en M€ | | Taux invendus à détruire | | 0,02 | en % | | 0,02 | en % | | Coût de la destruction | Total Prix de revient mode*0,02 | 3,466 | en M€ | Total Prix de revient mode*0,017 | 3,466 | en M€ | | 2. Remises | | | | | | | Part des produits soldés | | 0,07 | en % | | 0,070 | en % | | Valeur de la remise | | 0,7 | en % | | 0,7 | en % | | Coût des remises | 7%*70%*Total "mode" | 56,605 | en M€ | 2%*70%*CA "produits mode" | 56,605 | en M€ | | Total coût induit par les invendus | Coût de destruction+ coût des remises | 60,070 | en M€ | Coût de destruction+ coût des remises | 60,070 | en M€ |
Avec l’hypothèse de la généralisation du frêt aérien pour tous les produits, l’entreprise Louis Vuitton est impactée dans les aspects suivants : * Augmentation du CA de 114 millions: L’aménagement de la surface de vente permettrait d’augmenter les ventes et d’avoir moins de stocks. * Diminution de la marge brute du CA total perdu : Cela revient à un gain de la marge brute de 80%( de 7,155 à 1,789 millions d’euros) du à une diminution du CA total perdu de 11,925 millions d’euros. Ainsi à travers les délais réduits, Louis Vuitton pourra maintenir son image de marque tout en satisfaisant les demandes des clients, dans les délais souhaités. Toutefois les invendus pourraient être réduits par une bonne gestion de la stratégie Marketing. * Augmentation des coûts logistiques de 50% soient 74,1 millions de plus : Il est vrai que les coûts logistiques engendrés par la généralisation du frêt sont élevés mais finalement l’entreprise ressort avec un gain de (114 +11,925-74,1=51,825 millions d’euros).

Il est donc avantageux pour Louis Vuitton d’adopter le transport aérien pour tous les produits.

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