...economic backgrounds. Autism happens in early childhood and is usually diagnosed around 18 months of age but can start any time before three years of age. Autism causes delays in development such as learning and interactions with others. “One in an estimated 110 children gets diagnosed with this Autism disease.” This is a disease in which currently there is no cure. Autism used to be blamed on bad parenting skills. The signs, symptoms and effects on autism can vary based on each child. Doctors and experts cannot agree on how to treat autism. Early intervention is key in making a difference with Autism. Like previously stated, this is a disease that causes delays in development such as learning to play and interact with others. There are a few red flags a person might look for before beginning an actual diagnosis. With younger children, a few of these may be avoiding eye contact or wanting to play alone. Delayed speech or language skills, can be another sign, especially not responding to their name by 12 months of age. Signs and symptoms can be mild or severe based on the child. Most symptoms are short attention span, temper tantrums, unusual eating and sleeping habits, and lack of fear. “Around forty percent of people with autism never speak and some have difficulty learning to talk or holding a conversation.” Routines are very important for people with autism, so that there is consistency. Before diagnosing a child or individual for any matter, it...
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...Eating Sugar An essay by Nadia Khattab Humans are often afraid of the unknown, whether it is different cultures, challenges, food, etc. In “Eating Sugar” the fear of the unknown is focused on the encounter with a different culture, the Thai. The setting is a Thai jungle where the couple Alex and Eileen are visiting their daughter, who is a 21 year old English teacher. They have been forced to go there in April, when the humidity and heat is at its worst. The parents are uneasy with the situation, as they are suspicious of the Thai’s intentions. They end up in the middle of the jungle, where a marketplace was supposed to be. The place is empty, and no people are to be seen. When the Thais appear, it’s very interesting to interpret the different reactions that the family members have to the Thais. Both parents are extremely nervous, and expect the worst from the Thais. The daughter on the other hand, who knows the Thai because she lives and works in Thailand, is not at all afraid. She is very glad that she has met other people. One of the Thais speak English, and he tells her that a car is going to come by soon. The mother, who constantly shows her anxiety, is worried a car might come by, and that there is no guarantee. The daughter is throughout the whole story very calm, and keeps insuring her parents that it’s going to be all right. The roles have been switched, and the child is now the responsible one, and the parents are panicky. “Suzanne, their brave twenty-one-year...
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...feature of “autistic aloneness” among his patients, describing their apparent reluctance to engage in social interaction with other people (Autism, Psychology of, 2005). Autism was thought to be the result of unloving mothers. Not until the 1960s and 1970s, a separate understanding of autism emerged. Dr. Bernard Rimland, father of an autistic son and founder of the Autism Research Institute, helped the medical community understand autism as a biological disorder (Autism Speaks, 2010). Early treatment during the 1960s and 1970s has included medications such as Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), electric shock, and behavior change techniques (pain and punishment). Behavior therapy and highly controlled learning environments became the primary treatments during the 1980s and 1990s. During the 1990s a concern arose that the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine contributed to the development of Autism, but a study published in 1998 that theorized there could be a link has been retracted because there is little evidence to support that theory (Mayo Clinic, 2010). Other common myths include autistic children cannot be affectionate; if a child makes eye contact, he or she must not be autistic; and autistic behaviors do not change over time. These and other misconceptions stem from an early misunderstanding of autism. Autism is a persuasive developmental disorder, affecting males five times as often as females with a prevalence of one out of every 600 live births (Autism, 2005). Other...
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...culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions to ask. Zinberg's theory of drug use Effect of drug use is due to three variables and their interaction: 0. DRUG : The pharmacological action of the substance itself SET : The attitude of the person at time of use, including his or her personality structure, and what they expectation the drug to do. ( Individual attitudes are significantly influenced by social values and social...
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...are not like them. This is what it feels like to live in America with Autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD is a complex brain development disorder. ASD has varying degrees of severity and many sub groups, including Asperger's syndrome. Most people with ASD are born with the disorder and can be diagnosed as early 2 years old, although symptoms...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SHIPBOARD TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTEGRATED DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING TECHNOLOGY (DDCTT) VERSION 3.0 by Stephen J. Coughlin March 1998 Thesis Co-Advisors: Bernard J. Ulozas Alice Crawford Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. PTIC QUALITY INSPECTED 6 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20S03. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 6. March 1998 Master's Thesis FUNDING NUMBERS TITLE AND SUBTITLE An Assessment of the Shipboard Training Effectiveness of the Integrated Damage Control Training Technology (IDCTT) Version 3.0 AUTHQR(S) Stephen J. Coughlin 7. 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...
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...Awareness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.2 Stages of Sleep CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.1 Consciousness and Psychology 5.3 Dreams Theories of Dreams Dreams as a Reflection of Unconscious Wishes 5.2 Sleep Biological Rhythms and Stages of Sleep Sleep Theories Effects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep Disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Parasomnias CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity Dream Contents CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.3 Theories of Dreams 5 Learning Objectives States of Consciousness 5.1 5.2 Define consciousness. Describe how consciousness relates to psychology. Describe the changes in brain wave activity that occur during the different stages of sleep. Understand why sleep deprivation is harmful. Understand why deep sleep is important. Understand why REM sleep is important. Describe some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of Multiple Influences on Consciousness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.6 Effects of ...
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... Substance use and abuse are characterized by noted inefficiencies in life functioning, impaired relationships, high-risk behavior, and recurrent legal troubles. Substance dependency emerges from repeated use of the substance despite significant problems related to its use. Substance abuse appears to be etiologically linked to "complex interactions of genetic predisposition, psychological vulnerability, and sociocultural influences" (Archer and Cooper, p. 77). Extensive family history of addiction, poor self-esteem, negative emotional orientation, and few coping skills actively play a role in substance dependency. Skewed perceptions of social norms, peer values and behaviors, and pre-college substance use influence a student's use patterns. Many students who abuse substances are unready to recognize how their life is being adversely affected by their use, and believe substance use to be a part of normal development and experimentation. The negative effects of student substance use are not campus centered, and impact both the campus and wider communities. Substance use is...
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...Can Medication Generate a False PTSD Event? Silverback Psychology/610 October 11, 2014 Dr. Jane Manson Can Medication Generate a False PTSD Event? During the past few decades, many soldiers have returned from war (Dessert Storm, Dessert Shield, Iraq, and Afghanistan) with having Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), traumatic experience and sleep disorders. Traumatic experiences have a different effect on each person. Each person that went to war had a different mission. Each of these soldiers has experienced different variations of the war from their contributions. Some of the soldiers have been medicated during the wars, and some are being treated after the wars. Many have been on medication prior to the war and sent with these medications. This doctrine is going to depict if medications and drugs, whether legal or illicit, have caused a kind of PTSD event within this special group of people. The people that make up the military force and veterans are approximately one percent of the population of the United States. This is a much-diversified group of people. They comprise of the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marines and Coast Guard. These are further broken down to reserves and national guards. They also come from different ethnic backgrounds, race, male and female alike. Many reports have been made in the media about the soldiers that have returned about the various treatments they have experienced and care that has been provided them. The...
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...LIFE ORIENTATION LESSON 1 General information Teacher: B Stemele Topic: Substance abuse Duration: 1 hour School: St Andrews School for Girls Grade: 8 Date: 6 March 2015 2 Specific aim(s) for Life Orientation * Guide learners to achieve their full physical, intellectual, personal, emotional and social potential; * Develop learners’ skills to respond to challenges and play an active and responsible role in the economy and society; * Teach learners to exercise their constitutional rights and responsibilities and to respect the rights of others; * Guide learners to make informed and responsible decisions about their health, environment, subject choices, further studies and careers; and * Provide opportunities for learners to demonstrate an understanding of, and participate in activities that promote movement and physical development. 3 Lesson aims: (Knowledge, skills, values and attitudes) Knowledge | Skills | Values and attitudes | TerminologyWhat is substance abuse, illegal and legal substances? What makes teenagers to start abusing these substances? * General knowledge about drugs * Signs and symptoms of substance abuse * Investigate factors contributing to substance abuse * Health risks for teens (Effects – physical, mental & social) * Effective Treatment Approaches * Where to go for help? | * Research * Analyse * Compare * Summarize * Apply * Decision making | * Responsibility...
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...most of the socioeconomics classes. The consumption of Marijuana is present in all continents, but the higher rates of consumption are found among Africa, Europe, and America. Specifically in the US, the higher rates can be found in the Northeast and Western areas of the country. Depending on the effect that a person wants to get, marijuana can be mixed with food, smoked, or brewed as tea. Every year the number of children who start smoking marijuana increases. In the article “Marijuana Is a Dangerous Drug for Teens”, it states, “Marijuana can stunt a youth's intellectual, emotional, and psychological growth by impairing memory, learning abilities, and motor skills at crucial stages of human development. Furthermore, statistics have proven that marijuana is a gateway drug—people who smoke it are more likely than nonusers to try drugs such as cocaine, LSD, or heroin(1).” Many youngsters start smoking marijuana just in order to experience a new feeling of satisfaction, or due to friends influence. Adolescents may not realize that this “curiosity” may have serious and harmful effects not only mentally but also physically. Moreover, marijuana can lead to the introduction of more powerful drugs with even more critical consequences. Many adolescents and adults who smoke marijuana frequently consider the usage of the drug as harmless. According to , «Regular marijuana use has been shown to be associated with other long-term problems, including poor academic performance,...
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...Mr. Kishore Biyani King of Retail INTRODUCTION ‘ITS A UNIQUE CHALLENGE ONE HAS TO LIVE UP TO AND I FAILED IT IN MY FIRST ATTEMPT.IT TURNED OUT TO BE A HUMBLING EXPERIENCE AND TAUGHT ME LESSONS THAT SHAPED MY LIFE FROM THEREON’ -KISHORE BIYANI ABOUT KISHORE BIYANI 1. He was born on 9 august 1961 in Mumbai.He was the second son of shrilaxmi narayan biyani and Smt Godavari Biyani 2. Graduated in commerce from HR college, Mumbai 3. Introvert and shy natured person 4. Belongs to business family. STORE DESIGN & LAYOUT -Headquartered in MUMBAI -Employees over 30,000 people. -Pantaloon Retail is the flagship company of Future GROUP -Has over 1000 stores across 61 cities in India What made him an Entrepreneur ?? 1. Dying family business 2. No organized Retail Chain 3. Resources 4. Risk taker 5. Initiator 6. Influencer The Evolution of Kishore Biyani- 1987-88-He began manufacturing trousers 1988-92-He got BARE jeans and John Miller in the Indian market 1997 -2000- He launched his stores starting with the private label Pantaloons, department stores and then other formats 2006-Biyani commands over 1.3 million sq ft of retail space Background* Mr. Kishore Biyani, B.Com., PGD is a founder and serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Future Group. Mr. Biyani has been the Managing Director at Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited since April 1, 2005. He has been a Managing Director...
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...Unit 10: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders DSM-5 recognizes Substance Related Disorders as resulting from the excessive use of 10 separate classes of drugs: Substance-use disorder: * Alcohol related disorder * Cannabis related disorder * Hallucinogen related disorder * Inhalant related disorder * Opioid related disorder * Sedative hypnotic - or Anxiolytic related disorder * Stimulant related disorder * Tobacco related disorder DSm-5 explains that activation of the brain’s reward system is central to problems arising from drug use- the rewarding feeling that people experience as a result of taking drugs may be so profound that they neglect other normal activities in favour of taking the drug The pharmacological mechanisms for each class of drug is different The activation of the reward system is similar across substances in producing feelings of pleasure or euphoria – “high” DSM-5 includes Gambling Disorder under the heading “Non-Substance-Related Disorders” * Gambling behavior activates reward system similar to those activated by substance abuse and produce behavioural symptoms that appear comparable to those produced by the Substance Use disorders DSM-5 recognises that people are not all automatically or equally vulnerable to developing Substance-Related Disorders Some people have lower levels of self-control, which may be brain based, which predispose them to developing problems if exposed to drugs ...
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...European Journal of Counselling Psychology ejcop.psychopen.eu | 2195-7614 Social Learning Conceptualization for Substance Abuse: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions a Theodoros Giovazolias* , Olga Themeli a [a] Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece. Abstract Substance misuse and abuse among adolescents and young adults, especially students, remain a significant public health issue, often associated with serious academic, psychological and health problems. Theoretical models of social behaviour emphasize the importance of peer behaviour as a modelling or normative influence. The processes by which social influence factors contribute to substance misuse behaviour have been described in models derived from the social learning paradigm, including both socio-environmental (e.g. social modelling, perceived norms) and coping skills and cognitive variables (e.g. self-efficacy, outcome expectancies). However, this growing body of the literature often reveals contradictory findings regarding the precise mechanisms of processes by which social and cognitive variables may influence substance misuse in youth populations. This review critically examines the literature on different forms of peer influence and accordingly provides suggestions for intervention strategies that take into consideration the relevant research findings on social learning constructs. Keywords: social learning, norms, self-efficacy, youth, substance abuse, counselling interventions The...
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...RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENT DRUG ABUSE NIH GUIDE, Volume 25, Number 37, November 1, 1996 PA NUMBER: PA-97-005 P.T. 34, AA Keywords: Drugs/Drug Abuse National Institute on Drug Abuse PURPOSE The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is firmly committed to support of research in the area of adolescent drug abuse. The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage further investigations in this area, particularly with regard to gaps in current knowledge. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2000," a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas. This PA, Research on Adolescent Drug Abuse, is related to the priority area of alcohol and other drugs. Potential applicants may obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2000" (Full Report: Stock No. 017-001-00474-0 or Summary Report: Stock No. 017-001-00473-1) through the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 (telephone 202-512-1800). ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS Applications...
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