...Case Study April 6, 2010 Primary Diagnosis Lung CA with acute mental status change secondary to underlying pneumonic process. Abstract On April 3, 2010 a 61-year-old white female, suffering from a pancoast tumor, presented to the emergency room with altered levels of consciousness and confusion. The patient had gone through her fifth cycle of chemotherapy when she became very confused today. She was then brought to the emergency room where she was evaluated and had testing done. A CT scan of the patients head showed no signs of acute abnormalities. The chest x –ray re-demonstrated the pan coast tumor with possible underlying infection. Sinuitis also was noted on the CAT scan. The patient was admitted to the floor because of her shortness of breath and level of confusion. Antibiotics were administrated for the pneumonic process and Neupogen was given. The patient was put on oxygen therapy and aerosol treatments and later was transferred to the ICU because of respiratory failure. The patient was placed on a mechanical ventilator when sent to ICU with the new status of DNRCC-A and was extubated on 3/6/10 and died. Past Medical History The patient has a history of depression and acute mental status change. The patient has a surgical history of an A-port insertion. History of Present Illness The patient came into the emergency room complaining of confusion and weakness after her fifth cycle of chemotherapy was done earlier that day. Physical Exam on Admission Vital...
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...Lung Cancer In general, cancer kills on average 7.9 million people worldwide every year, which is 13% of all deaths. Cancer is not just one disease but rather a group of diseases, all of which causes cells in the human body to change and grow out of control. Cancers are classified either according to the kind of fluid or tissue from which it originates. One of these types of cancer is Lung Cancer, more people die from lung cancer than any other cancer. With the advances of medicine and technology, options are available to people with lung cancer to help them live a longer life, thus giving suffers more time to spend with their loved ones. Lung Cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Most cases are directly linked to tobacco use. Around 220,000 people are diagnosed with lung cancer every year (Lung Cancer, 2012). It starts in the lungs but can quickly spread to surrounding areas. Lung cancer occurs when the cells in the lung grow at an uncontrollable rate. It will form in the tissue of the lung, most often in the cells that line the air passages and damage the tissue that surrounds it and then interferes with normal functioning of the lung. It can then quickly spread to the lymph system. Lymph nodes are small organs that link lymph vessels and contain lymph which is a clear fluid that helps fight infection and travels through the body in vessels that are like veins. The cells can also quickly spread to other parts of the body through the blood. Even though the...
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...CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER Lung cancer is a disease in which a primary cancer (the original site where the cancer occurred) develops in the tissue of the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid 1800's. At the turn of the century, it was still considered a rarity ;that has changed dramatically. What has not changed is the difficultly of detecting lung cancer in its earliest stages when it has the greatest chance of being successfully treated. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer among both men and women, with 168,000 new cases in 1992 and 146,00 deaths" ;(Winawer 283). "If you fall into the following categories of people who have been heavy smokers, you have the greatest chance of being diagnosed with lung cancer: a male over 60 ;someone who has smoked one for more packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years or longer ;someone who began to smoke before the age of 20 and is still smoking: a worker in a industrial plant with a high risk material, such as asbestos, who also smoke. Someone who has persistent or violent smokers cough ;someone who does not smoke but is frequently exposed to unnecessary passive smoke" ;(Cooper 114-120). Numerous studies all over the world have shown a link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, as well as other cancers, with an increase in cigarette smoking followed by an increase of lung cancer. Most of these studies involve the testing of non-smokers and smokers to see how things can affect them differently and...
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...Laura Gray RESP: 1110 LEARNING LUNG SOUNDS: OVERVIEW: Lung sounds provide important information in the diagnosis and monitoring of the clinical course of patients with lung disorders. UNFAMILIAR TERM: Sibilant- Making or having a sound like the letters ‘s’ or ‘sh’, a hissing effect (wheezing). LUNG ANATOMY: Trachea branches off at the second rib into the right and left mainstem bronchi. - Right Main Stem Bronchus - Supplies right upper, mid and lower lobes - Left Main Stem Bronchus - Supplies left upper and lower lobes. [pic] [pic] AUSCULATORY SITES: During auscultatory examination --- Patient should be positioned comfortably and instructed to take deep breaths with mouth open. To avoid dizziness, let patient rest a few minutes. If they become dizzy, have patient hold their breath for a moment and this will correct the decrease in PCo2 caused by hyperventilation. This should remedy their dizziness. There are 11 recommended sites for auscultation if no known pulmonary problems. If patient does have history of respiratory disease, may need to listen at more sites. [pic] Technique: Diaphragm of stethoscope firmly placed onto chest/back. Begin at upper right lobe then go to upper left lobe comparing the two sides. Go from side to side in all locations to compare. Front of chest and back as well as laterally, again, comparing side to side. Listen for adventitious...
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...when it will appear. Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer of women and men in the U.S. About 170,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with lung cancer each year. British scientist Sir Richard Doll discovered the connection between smoking and lung cancer. Doll published a study in 1950 that confirmed that "smoking was a major cause of lung cancer." Doll was knighted in 1972 for his work, which saved millions of lives. Lung cancer appears when a cycle of mutations in normal lung cells cause them to become abnormal and grow out of control. These changes can occur anywhere from the windpipe, down to the small air sacs in the area around the edge of the lungs where oxygen exchange takes place. Lung cancer is an uncontrolled, very deadly division of cells in the lung. Lung cancer is a disease where cancer cell go out of control taking over normal cells and organs cells in the body. There are two main types of lung cancer; non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. There are many symptoms that are hard to notice in the early stages of lung cancer. Doctor’s use special machines to identify the awfulness of each stage. Treatments and cures are different in each person case. Small cell lung cancer is incomplete to a part of the chest known as the hemithorax and regional lymph nodes. Small cell lung cancer frequently exists early and spreads out suddenly, Non-small Cell lung cancer is first controlled to the lung, and then spreads throughout...
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...What is Lung Cancer? Lung cancer is cancer that usually starts in the lining of the bronchi (the main airways of the lungs), but can also begin in other areas of the respiratory system, including the trachea, bronchioles, or alveoli. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Lung cancers are believed to develop over a period of many years. Nearly all lung cancers are carcinomas, a cancer that begins in the lining or covering tissues of an organ. The tumor cells of each type of lung cancer grow and spread differently, and each type requires different treatment. “About 85 percent to 90 percent of lung cancers belong to the group called non-small cell lung cancer” (University Hospitals, 2011). Lung cancers are generally divided into two types: Non-small cell lung cancer is much more common than small cell lung cancer; Small cell lung cancer, sometimes called oat cell cancer because the cancer cells may look like oats when viewed under a microscope, grows rapidly and quickly spreads to other organs. It is important to find out what kind of lung cancer a person has. The different types of carcinomas, involving different regions of the lung, may cause different symptoms and are treated differently. Lung cancer usually does not cause symptoms when it first develops, but they often become present after the tumor begins growing .Each individual may experience symptoms differently .A cough is the most common symptom of lung cancer. Other symptoms include: constant...
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...SUSPECTED LUNG CANCER If you wish to include an accompanying letter, please do so. On (Version 2.0) completion please FAX to the number below. These forms should only be used for suspected cancer and in conjunction with the NICE Referral Guidelines for Suspected Cancer, June 2005 Patient Details Surname Forename D.O.B. Address Postcode Telephone NHS No Hospital No Interpreter? Y/N GP Details (inc Fax Number) Gender Date of Decision to Refer Date of Referral GP Signature First Language: Symptoms for immediate referral: Note:Do not use this form for immediate referral, make a telephone referral ♦ Signs of superior vena caval obstruction (swelling of face/neck with fixed elevation of JVP) ♦ Stridor Symptoms for urgent referral: (Check as appropriate) Persistent haemoptysis (smokers/ex-smokers > 40 yrs) Chest x-ray suggestive of lung cancer (inc pleural effusion and slowly resolving consolidation) Normal chest x-ray with high suspicion of lung cancer Symptoms for urgent referral for a chest x-ray: Note: Do not use this form for routine referral for a chest x-ray 1. Haemoptysis 2. Changes in symptoms in patients with underlying chronic respiratory problems 3. Unexplained or persistent (longer than three weeks): (See below) ♦ Weight loss ♦ Chest/shoulder pain ♦ Chest signs ♦ Finger clubbing ♦ Dyspnoea ♦ Cervical/supraclavicular lymphadenopathy ♦ Hoarseness ♦ Cough ♦ Features suggestive of metastasis from a lung cancer...
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...Meagan Perrotta February 15, 2014 Oral report In early August 3 years ago, my grandmother’s brother was diagnosed with lung cancer. In May, he had complaints of water in his chest cavity, so my family took him to see his general practitioner, who after an X-Ray referred him to the hospital for a lung check up. He first attended the hospital for a chest x-ray. This was followed up by blood tests, which he was hoping would be the end of the matter. The doctors then wanted to perform an open chest biopsy, which he declined but he eventually agreed to a Bronchoscopy during which the doctors failed to obtain tissue samples, and they said that they didn’t want to make a verdict based on that. He felt painful after this and felt that medicals like that are not for people of his age. At the end of July, he went back into hospital for a needle biopsy during which the doctors managed to obtain tissue samples and confirmed that he has lung cancer. So following more blood tests my grandmother’s brother has been put on a chemo with Altima for between four and six cycles, each number of cycles depended on how his body was coping with the side effects. He than received his first cycle that September and was feeling okay at first but than he there had been three days of feeling sick, struggling with appetite for two days and feeling lots of muscle pain on one of the days. The first blood test taken one...
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...Lung cancer is one of the leading killers of people today. I know it’s a serious thing. I know it can be very dangerous. I also know that smoking cigarettes is one of the main reasons why people get lung cancer in the first place. But there are a lot of things I don’t know. What exactly is lung cancer? How does it form? What are the symptoms? What other things cause it? What kind of treatment do people go through to cure it? How likely is it to die from lung cancer? Who suffers from lung cancer the most? After searching the Internet, I found many websites relating to lung cancer. Lung cancer, by the name, is cancer that starts in the lungs. As you breathe, air travels through the nose, down the windpipe, in the lungs and through tubes called bronchi. Usually, lung cancer begins in the cells that line the bronchi. The most common types of lung cancer are called non-small cell lung cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer usually grows and spreads faster than any other type. There are three common forms of non-small cell lung cancer. The first is adeonicarcinomas. This is usually found in the outer area of the lung. The second is squamous cell carcinomas. This is usually found in the center of the lung. The third is large cell carcinomas which can happen in any part of the lung. Non-small cell lung cancers come in four stages. In stage I, the cancer is just in the lung. In stages II and III, the cancer is in the lung and might also be in the lymph nodes. Stage IV of lung cancer...
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...Lung cancer is the second most spread cancer among women and men after skin cancer. Statics from American Cancer Society shows that 224.210 cases of lung cancer were observed in 2014 among them 116.000 cases in men and 108.210 in women. Lung cancer causes 159.260 deaths in 2014. Older people are in higher risk, 2 out of 3 people who have lung cancer are 65 years old or older than 65. The average age of people diagnosed with lung cancer is 70. Only 2 % of lung cancer cases were in people younger than 45. For man the possibility of lung cancer development is 1 in 13 and for women is 1 in 16. This statistic includes both smokers and non-smokers. The highest risk for lung cancer development has smokers - 80-90% compared to non-smokers - 10-15% who are passive smoker. Passive smokers are people who inhale of smoke from another smoker. Passive smoking causes 3.400 deaths from lung cancer in the United States. The other quite common reason of lung cancer development in the United States is radon gas radiation that generated from radioactive radium. Annually it is leads to 21.000 deaths. It is observed that approximately 1 out of 15 houses in the US have radon level higher than recommended. Air pollution with nitrogen dioxide, sulfate aerosols and other dangerous substances cause 1-2% of lung cancer cases. Genetic inheritance related to polymorphism in chromosomes 5, 6 and 15 provokes 8% of all lung cancer cases. ( American cancer society, 2014) . Lung cancer also called...
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...LUNG REGENERATION Lung regeneration is usually very minimal. If you lungs are so badly damaged that they can no longer transfer adequate amounts of oxygen into your body, you may need to consider a lung transplant if no other treatment options have been effective. However, some lung regeneration does occur after you quit smoking. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition that arises from various forms of damage to the airways. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming a major cause of death worldwide. Pulmonary emphysema, one of the main forms of COPD, is characterised by the progressive and irreversible loss of pulmonary alveoli. Despite recent advances in new drugs and in the understanding of this disease,...
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...2.Pneumothorax: The US diagnosis of pneumothorax is the most difficult part of training; long experience is required to acquire appropriate skills that rely on the ability to recognize lung sliding and its abolition ( Bouhemad et al.,2007). Lung sliding is the term describing the movement of parietal pleura as it joins with the visceral pleura. This is a normal finding on healthy patients and is easily identified during respiration ( Bouhemad et al.,2007). When possible, the use of higher emission frequencies (5 to 10 MHz) facilitates the recognition of lung sliding abolition. The diagnosis is even more difficult in the presence of partial pneumothorax ( Bouhemad et al.,2007). M-mode uses acoustic waves to determine a structure’s movement over time. It is a layering of returned US waves stacked next to each other (Ashton 2013)....
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...mass of tissue, called a growth or tumor. Tumors can be benign, which means not cancerous, or malignant, which means cancerous. Lung cancer occurs when a tumor forms in the tissue of the lung. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Experts estimate that there will be 215,020 new cases of lung cancer in 2008-- 114,690 cases in men and 100,330 cases in women. 161,840 Americans are expected to die of the disease 90,810 men and 71,030 women. Lung cancer occurs most often between the ages of 55 and 65. There are two major types of lung cancer -- non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Each type of lung cancer grows and spreads in different ways, and each is treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is more common than small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer, sometimes called oat cell cancer, grows more quickly and is more likely to spread to other organs in the body. Lung cancer may spread to the lymph nodes or other tissues in the chest, including the lung opposite to where it originated. It may also spread to other organs of the body, such as the bones, brain, or liver. When cancer spreads from its original location in the lung to another part of the body such as the brain, it is called metastatic lung cancer, not brain cancer. Doctors sometimes call this distant disease. Lung cancer would occur much less often if people did not smoke. The good news is that smoking is not as popular as it used to be. In...
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...Madeya Chunawala Audience Analysis Survey 1. What is your age? 2. What is your gender? Male Female 3. What is your race? African-american/black ________ White ________ Latino _________ Asian American _________ Other __________ 4. What is your Hobby? 5. What is your religion? 6. What is your major? 7. What did you like the most about my speech? 8. Do I need to improve my speech? Topics of Informative Speech First Topic: Smoking and its effect Second Topic: Abuse of children Third Topic: Drinking and driving Madeya Chunawala Topic: Smoking and its effect General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the effects of smoking. Central idea: The effects of smoking cause several diseases and lead to death. Introduction: I. Attention-getting device: According to inforesearchlab.com/smoking death, smoking will kill 6.5million people in 2015. It also states that over 443,000 American dies because of smoking every year. II. Relevance: Being informed about the effects of smoking will help us to save our life. III. Credibility: I’ve never did smoking, but I have seen many deaths due to smoking in my family...
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...Black lung disease has impacted the lives of more miners in West Virginia and elsewhere than originally thought, according to a new study. The authors of the study say the disease is a "real phenomenon." For the study, researchers from the University of Illinois examined government benefits claims filed by black lung patients dating back to 1970 and identified over 4,600 severe cases of the disease. More than 50 percent of the cases were filed within the past 16 years. Further, they found that black lung cases increased significantly each year in central Appalachian states, with West Virginia experiencing a 30 percent increase. Kentucky and Virginia each experienced 16 percent increases. The study's findings are a revelation. Previous estimates...
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