...The Life of Lycurgus Augustine Eneogwe 9/24/2009 The Greek society as a whole was made up of very different people. There were many groups people could belong to starting from the highest which was the kings and nobles and then going all the way to the lowest groups; slaves or helots. These people were all very important, because they were the society. Every person had their own specific job that had to be done or it could throw off something else. To best represent the Greek society as a whole Lycurgus can be used as an example to show the different aspects. According to Plutarch the author, of Greek Lives, there are many stories on the history of Lycurgus that give different accounts of his family. He was known as the lawgiver, because of his many laws. Lycurgus became king of Sparta after his older brother died and there was no immediate heir to the throne. His brother’s wife was pregnant and he declared that if it was a boy, that child would be the next king of Sparta. That child was a boy and Lycurgus named him Charilaus, but soon after the boy was born, suspicion began to rise that Lycurgus wanted the throne for himself. These were just lies brought on by his late brother’s wife family. Lycurgus decided to leave Sparta until the boy was grown. It was actually a good thing that he left, because now he could go to other city-states and countries to learn how...
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...education system for boys consisting of rigorous training is known as the ‘agoge’. The people of Sparta have been interpreted as very violent and warrior like and a fierce and brutal society has since been represented in modern times due to the portrayal of Spartans in graphic films such as “300” and “Spartacus”. Zack Snyder’s “300” depicts the young boy’s process of training to become a man and Spartan citizen to then the harsh brutality of fighting and war. As the movie is shaped on the comic series “300” by Frank Miller and Lynn Varley in 1998, the film recounts a fictionalized...
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...STATEMENT DEBATE 1: That Lycurgus’ reforms in Sparta were more successful than those of Solon in Athens. BOOK: Cartledge, P. 2002. Sparta and Lakonia: a regional history, 1300-362 B.C. (New York: Routledge). “Still more dubious is the role of co-founder of the Olympic Games assigned to the Spartan lawgiver Lykourgos by Aristotle (fr. 533 Rose) on the basis of an inscribed discus he had seen at Olympia. Regrettably too the story that Lykourgos was responsible for bringing the Homeric poems from Ionia to the Greek mainland (Plut. Lyk. 4.4) must be dismissed as a fable of the kind which tended to accrete around such legendary figures.” Pg. 103 Chapter 8 (The Lakonia Renascence) “the devoutly pro-Spartan Athenian exile Xenophon could even, by making Lykourgos contemporary with the (Return of the) Herakleidai (Lak. Pol. 10.8), contrive to suggest that there had never been stasis or civil strife on the political plane in Sparta since the Dorian foundation.” Pg 133 Chapter 9 (The Consolidation of Lakonia) “Even Plutarch was unable to keep stasis (civil strife) out of his biography—or rather hagiography—of the lawgiver (Lyk. 5.4f.). More instructive, though, are the sources who were not a party to the mirage. Herodotus (1.65.2) went so far as to say that before Lykourgos’ reforms Sparta had suffered the worst kakonomia (lawlessness) of any Greek state, while Thucydides (1.18. 1), without mentioning Lykourgos by name, agreed for once with Herodotus that there had been stasis...
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...At birth the evaluation of the baby began immediately to determine if they were fit to become soldiers down the road in their life. If a child was the slightest bit deformed or did not appear to have the strength that Spartan warriors desired, it would be abandoned on the side of a mountain. Infanticide was a very common practice back in Ancient Sparta and the idea was to filter out the weak links in society. By doing this they better themselves for battle because one weak soldier could cause a catastrophe for they wouldn’t be able to defend Sparta properly. This would determine that the society could concentrate solely on members that would be able to contribute to the military community and eventually protect Sparta. The weak had no...
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...AHE 1108 History of sport Examine and discuss the role of women in sport in ancient Sparta By Srdjan Vulic Identification number: S4129049 Name of lecturer: Rob Hess and Matthew Klugman Name of tutor: Fiona McLachlan Tutorial group: 11.30pm, Tuesday, Semester 2, 2014 Date of submission: 3rd September 2014 Sparta was a city in Ancient Greece between 650 B.C and 362 B.C which was seen to have one of the strongest soldiers and women due to their early commencement of training in tough conditions to strengthen their bodies and to toughen them up. Men were always seen as the dominant species compared to women, they were seen to be stronger and had more dominance and respect in the Olympic Games and sport. Instead of encouraging women in Greece to participate in the Olympics they were instead dispirited and some laws were made to prevent them from participating. Spectators would rather watch men participate then women because they believed women were weak and were not as exhilarating to watch as men. Spartan women had more freedom and respect than many other Greek women, ‘Spartan women were allowed to be landholders and they were free to speak for themselves, unlike many other Greeks.’ Spartan women were ordered to do no less body building than the males, Lycurgus the lawgiver of Sparta believed ‘stronger children come from parents who are both strong.’ The women were trained the same way as the men, they would both be taught how to survive in tough conditions and they would be removed...
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...Athens Handout Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, (trans. by R. Crawley) 2.15 The Synoecism of Theseus: From very early times this had been more the case with the Athenians than with others. Under Cecrops and the first kings, down to the reign of Theseus, Attica had always consisted of a number of independent townships, each with its own town hall and magistrates. Except in times of danger the king at Athens was not consulted; in ordinary seasons they carried on their government and settled their affairs without his interference; sometimes even they waged war against him, as in the case of the Eleusinians with Eumolpus against Erechtheus. In Theseus, however, they had a king of equal intelligence and power; and one of the chief features in his organization of the country was to abolish the council-chambers and magistrates of the petty cities, and to merge them in the single council-chamber and town hall of the present capital. Individuals might still enjoy their private property just as before, but they were henceforth compelled to have only one political centre, viz., Athens; which thus counted all the inhabitants of Attica among her citizens, so that when Theseus died he left a great state behind him. Plutarch, Life of Solon (trans. by B. Perrin) Solon and Draco’s Laws: 17 1 In the first place, then, he repealed the laws of Draco, all except those concerning homicide, because they were too severe and their penalties too heavy. For one penalty was assigned to...
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...An Essay on Economic Theory An English translation of Richard Cantillon’s Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général An Essay on Economic Theory An English translation of Richard Cantillon’s Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général Translated by Chantal Saucier Edited by Mark Thornton 4 An Essay on Economic Theory © 2010 by the Ludwig von Mises Institute and published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ludwig von Mises Institute 518 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn, Alabama 36832 mises.org ISBN: 978-1-61016-001-8 Foreword Robert F. Hébert Following a century of neglect, William Stanley Jevons, in the first blush of discovery, proclaimed Cantillon’s Essai, “the cradle of political economy.” Subsequent growth and development of economic thought has not really alerted us to the subtleties of this succinct appraisal. A cradle holds new life; and there can be little doubt that the Essai added new life to the organizing principles of economics. But “political economy” does not accurately describe the subject Cantillon addressed. Indeed, he scrupulously avoided political issues in order to concentrate on the mechanics of eighteenth-century economic life. When confronted by “extraneous” factors, such as politics, Cantillon insisted that such considerations be put aside, “so as not to complicate our subject,” he said, thus invoking a kind of ceteris paribus assumption before...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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