...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: I propose that our firm should buy 1 CNC grinding machine in order to improve performance of the existing line because face grinding is our bottle neck Which is increasing the MLT of the process. By buying CNC, we can reduce the number of products going to rework and failing the inspection process as seen by the analysis given below. We should employ this strategy immediately because we have only 6 months and the machine needs at least 6 months to work at full capacity. We should not accept orders below 70 as it increases MLT and disturbs our process. We should increase or batch size to 140 to increase output. KEY ISSUES: Problems the plant is facing is that lot of time is spent on customer complaints and managing the growing amount of rework for products that failed the design specifications hence further increasing the MLT of the process. There is lot of rework and process is slow because customers generally prefer to receive complete orders. The plant is getting orders ranging from 1 to 140 units. Small order are increasing the MLT because of high setup time. For the small orders less than 70, the bottle neck is Milling in the chamber machining operations but for orders greater than 70 the bottle neck is face grinding as shown in exhibit 1. Chamber machining and grinding problems could not be detected until the sensor is built and tested. So we have to go through the whole process. The grinding process is our bottle neck which is reducing...
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...Milling: I used the milling machine to mill shards of metal off so I could create the smooth and sleek finish I wanted on my work; It was also very easy for me to shape my work in the desired style. It also allowed me to mill down top a specific height that I wanted. Pillar drill: I used the pillar drill to drill holes into my work, these holes were made so I could put a tap into them are create a threaded hole for my bar which I will then use in my tool makers clamp Tapping: as I mentioned before I drilled a hole with a pillar drill and made it possible to tap. I held my work in a bench vice to do this process, this now has allowed me to be able to insert threaded bar into my clamp. 3 jaw chuck: I used a 3 jaw chick when using a lathe, this allowed me to grip my work efficiently and allowed me to be safe using that machine at over 540rpm due too it’s very efficient holding style Angle plate: I used an angle plate to ensure correct measurements on my clamp, an angle plate is level and the best surface to scribe on. Bench vice: I used a bench vice thought the whole process of creating my tool makers clamp, this made it very easy for me to undertake lots of procedures that would often be hard to carry out without the use of a bench...
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...Boring is an operation used for increasing a hole which has been already made by other processes such as drilling or casting. Thus, it serves the purpose of increasing the internal diameter of cylindrical objects. It is done by means of a single-point cutting tool called boring bar. The boring operation can be done by either rotating the boring bar with the workpiece held stationary or otherwise keeping the boring bar positioned on the tool post of turning machine and moving it towards rotating workpiece which is held by a chuck. Boring is used to achieve different aspects for a workpiece .Firstly, it helps to give appropriate size and finish for the workpiece. Boring can be used to straighten a hole which was originally drilled,...
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...AENG 11 Engineering Shop Asst. Prof. Mark Keylord S. Onal VI. METAL WORK MATERIALS General Classification of Metals Used in Bench Metal Work: 1. Ferrous Metals (wrought iron, steel, and cast iron) 2. Non-ferrous Metals (copper, brass, bronze, and aluminum) *All these material come in various forms and shapes such as sheets, rods, bars, and wires. Common Metals and Their Major Use • Cast Iron - origin: iron ore - characteristics: forms into any shape; brittle - major use: machinery parts; engine blocks • Wrought Iron - origin: iron ore - characteristics: malleable; tough; rust-resistant - major use: decorative fences; railings • Mild Steel - origin: iron ore - characteristics: malleable; ductile; tough - major use: structural steel • Tool Steel - origin: iron ore - characteristics: high carbon; heat treatable; expensive - major use: tools; tool bits • Stainless Steel - origin: iron ore, nickel, and chromium - characteristics: corrosion resistant; bright appearance; tough - major use: food handling equipment; restaurant equipment • Galvanized Steel - origin: steel, zinc - characteristics: zinc-coated steel - major use: water tanks; towers; fencing; roofing - 33 - AENG 11 Engineering Shop Asst. Prof. Mark Keylord S. Onal • Aluminum - origin: ore - characteristics: light; relatively soft; good electrical conductor; tough; silver-white color - major use: truck bodies; automobiles; electrical wires/cables • Copper - origin: ore - characteristics: malleable; corrosion-resistant;...
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...Operational Research Models and Methods in CIM1 Abstract : Many models and methods of Operational Research can be adapted for industrial applications. In this chapter, we show on one hand the main problems of a manufacturing system and, on the other hand, how they can be ranged in a hierarchical order, derived from a CIM architecture (from the strategic decisions to the production constraints). Then, we present an Operational Research tool for solving each of these problems. 1 Introduction Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) are nowadays installed in the mechanical industry, especially in car factories. However, the market constraints impose to always improve the production system and the whole production organization. The concepts developed by Taylor and applied at the beginning by Ford are progressively abandoned and replaced by the Just-In-Time concept and the Computer Integrated Manufacturing philosophy (CIM). One of the aims of the CIM philosophy is to provide an integrated information system which avoids the rigid separations between the different functionalities of a complete production system. With such integrated information systems, the loss of time on one hand between the customer order and the part delivery, on the other hand between the product design and its manufacture will be drastically reduced. To understand the complete production system, it is relatively easy to find in the scientific literature excellent general books explaining the different aspects...
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...THE CRAFTSMANSHIP OF JAMAICAN WOODWORK Submitted May 2, 2010 Amended September 28, 2013 Michaelia Henry ID No. 0210073 M.Arch 1 Course: Critical Theories in Architecture Lecturer: Arch. Jacquiann Lawton Critical Theories in Architecture: Modernity Exploring Research Methodology – Writing Dialectical History Thesis Statement Craftsmanship is the basic human impulse to do a job well for its own sake. It involves Creative Thought, Precision, Apprenticeship, Crafting an Object Well, adhering to The Structure of the Workshop and the Practice of the Intelligent Hand. Contemporary Jamaican Woodcraft is an example of Craftsmanship. Introduction Fashioning furniture, doors, windows and other architectural elements out of timber is an old practice. Before the industrial period, many of these items would be crafted by hand. The effort and care taken to create each piece; seen in the final product. This is one way of romanticizing traditional woodwork. A more cynical view would be to criticize the minor imperfections of these pieces – the uneven pattern created by carving by hand, the lack of perfect symmetry in the manmade spindle form. This cynical view has some validity – if; the priority of making the object is the actualization of perfection. Social commentators like Richard Sennett believe this kind of priority misses the true point of Craftsmanship – the desire to do something well for its own sake. I agree. The actualization of Craftsmanship is not about the making a perfect object...
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...The concept related to the Just in time (JIT) manufacturing is to eradicate sources of manufacturing waste through obtaining appropriate quantity of raw materials and then developing the appropriate quantity of products in the appropriate place and at the appropriate time. It if used in a Job Shop (small manufacturing firms) significantly affects their internal as well as external operations. By implementing, JIT these small firms become able to collect right material from external environment and produce appropriate quantity of material at right place and time. This substantially affects its internal as well as external environment (Saxena, 2009). With this disciplined method of production, job shop also become able to improve its internal as well as external manufacturing operations and satisfy their key customers. In addition to this, JIT may also affect job shop in a negative manner and it is due to the severe constraints related to small firms like they have limited resources for training and development, low capital expenditures, lack of knowledge regarding the products or markets of their large JIT customers. With all these constraints, sometimes it becomes difficult for a job shop to take advantage of JIT. This in turn also makes a negative effect on its operations. JIT, if used and not implemented effectively due to constraints also affect a small firm's position (Hesselbach & Herrmann, 2011). Answer 2: Vertical integration refers to a degree to which a company...
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...Number of Tool Magazine Setups on Automated Machines: A Lagrangean Decomposition Approach Author(s): Meltem Denizel Source: Operation Research, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Mar. – Apr., 2003), pp. 309-320 SYNOPSIS: With a competitive environment, manufacturing companies should be flexible in terms of performance and competitiveness. The consumers nowadays required more of product customization and short product life cycles. With these demands, manufacturing companies are force to process a high variety of products in low volumes and with short delivery times. In lieu of these, manufacturing process should have the efficiency of a line flow and flexibility of a job shop. One way to cope with these kind of needs are through the automated manufacturing environments. These consist of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. CNC Machines have the capability of processing several manufacturing operations and provide the required flexibility in an efficient manner. It is usually use in the metal – working industry. It is equipped with a limited – capacity tool magazine and can automatically change tools between operations in slight time. However, during the changing of tool in the magazine, it must be loaded carefully to best utilize the machine’s flexibility. Set – up time of loading tool magazine is considered long and accounting for a lot of percentage in production time. Because of this, there is a need to reduce the number of tool – magazine setups in order also to reduce the machine processing...
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...household chores is laundry. Historical dates show that laundry was originally not done at home. People in the ancient times did their laundry in streams and rivers. As time goes by, laundry was moved in-house and there have been improvements on how people wash their clothes. Washing machines were then invented, and these machines make laundry more convenient and at home. But as peoples’ life change in response to the fast growing technology, many of them haven't have the time to do their laundry, since it is still time-consuming even with the help of machines. Most people think that the time for laundry can be allotted to studies and in the advancement of their careers. So this is why, laundry shops were addressed. Many people use it as their business in order for them to have an income. Before technology has began, there are some early laundry methods and tools like washing clothes in the river, Laundry shops were also called as a Laundromat, where it is a type of launderette, used for a place that has machines for washing and drying clothes, towels, sheets, etc. Some laundry shops, the owner or employees were the one who do the service. And some of laundry shops are self service which machines are coin...
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...household chores is laundry. Historical dates show that laundry was originally not done at home. People in the ancient times did their laundry in streams and rivers. As time goes by, laundry was moved in-house and there have been improvements on how people wash their clothes. Washing machines were then invented, and these machines make laundry more convenient and at home. But as peoples’ life change in response to the fast growing technology, many of them haven't have the time to do their laundry, since it is still time-consuming even with the help of machines. Most people think that the time for laundry can be allotted to studies and in the advancement of their careers. So this is why, laundry shops were addressed. Many people use it as their business in order for them to have an income. Before technology has began, there are some early laundry methods and tools like washing clothes in the river, Laundry shops were also called as a Laundromat, where it is a type of launderette, used for a place that has machines for washing and drying clothes, towels, sheets, etc. Some laundry shops, the owner or employees were the one who do the service. And some of laundry shops are self service which machines are coin...
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...Critical Thinking in Action Irene Addei University of Maryland University College While pushing a large piece of wood through a table saw, John Schmidt seriously injures his hand. He believes the company is at fault for his injury because they did not ensure the machine was safe for use. While John blames the company, Harry Hiller, the foreman, insists that the machine was in fact maintained properly but it was rather because of John’s “joking, laughing and goofing around” that caused him to injure himself. The company shop manager, David Donald, agrees with the foreman believing that the machine was in a safe condition considering if it wasn’t, he would’ve been informed. Another employee of the company claims that the foreman was informed about the issues with the poorly designed safety guard on the table saw, prior to John’s injury. With the two employees adamant that the injury was due to a poorly designed safety guard that didn’t function well, and testimony from the company manager and foreman saying the machine was maintained satisfactorily, who takes responsibility to an unfortunate injury? The table saw is one of the most commonly seen and used tools in the power-tool industry. These tools are dangerous enough to have their own specialized accident litigators. The Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that “there is an average of about 10 finger amputations a day just from table saws used by consumers” (O’Donnell, 2011). These accidents account for about...
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...INTRODUCTION : The lathe is a machine capable of a wide range of operations. Its function is the removal of material from a revolving work piece by means of a hardened steel tool rigidly held in a sliding post. So the overview is to provide student with knowledge to introduce the uses of the lathe, to include safety, the uses, repair and adjustment of lathe attachment and the various thread forms, uses, calculations and machining technique. Therefore with the workshop practice student will gain experience conducting the lathe machine in future and also perform safety working procedure. OBJECTIVES : 1. To expose student with safety working procedure according to safety rules and regulation. 2. Student should be able to differentiate and know the uses of various type of cutting processes following the manual procedure or instruction 3. Able to identify the advantages and drawbacks of the lathe machine parts including tool bits and how they are being used with correct procedure. LIST OF EQUIPMENT : 1. Lathe machine 2. Three jaw chucks and chuck key 3. Tool bit and tool bit holder 4. Vernier caliper 5. Goggle WORKING DRAWING : Equipment drawing Work piece drawing SAFETY PROCEDURE : GENERAL SAFETY TIPS 1....
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...Second Empire established itself in France. While both took a firm hold on social norms, cultural expectations, and business practices, the machines replaced human artistry. Precisely because of this transition, individual craftsmanship became outdated and obsolete; the big department store, an emblem of capitalism, continued to emerge, dominate, and swallow up smaller competition. As a contemporary issue for its time, Émile Zola’s The Ladies’ Paradise comes as no surprise in its concentration on the struggle of smaller shops against the immense success and dominance of the big new department store, Ladies’ Paradise. Although the stark difference between the dying shops of an age past and the avant-garde emporiums of the future equals the quintessential experience of the modernization of the nineteenth century, the symbolic description of the Ladies’ Paradise as a soulless “machine” captures the perspective of what the department store represents. In the novel people resent Ladies’ Paradise and its seemingly unexplainable success. However, not until the “machine” gains a soul does the Ladies’ Paradise become complete and wholesome. Denise felt that she was watching a machine working at high pressure…. these passions in the street were giving life to the materials: the laces shivered, then dropped again, concealing the depths of the shop with an exciting air of mystery; even the lengths of cloth, thick and square, were breathing, exuding a tempting odor, while the overcoats were...
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...Bubble Up Laundry is a shop where operated by a coin operated washing machines that allows the customers for self service. The washing machines are simple to use so people will not have any hard time in operating it. People don’t frightened if it will be their first time trying to operate the machines as the laundry shop always provide friendly attendants who will happily help them. They can also use their favorite detergent powder and softener to minimize expenses nor buy inside the shop. The service is available most especially to those consumers who are in rush then they may return and pick it up nor just wait until it was done as the laundry shop also provides faster service. Bubble Up Laundry shops provides washing machine operated by coins is not just an ordinary. Trusting the best quality of LG Company will help the Bubble Up Laundry Shop to decrease expenses regarding on its maintenance just to fix those units. Service is available if you are in a rush. Simply drop off to our attendant and let us do it for you. The laundry shop also aims to use the utilities that come from its natural power (such as solar panel and generators). If there will be any emergency occur, these alternative power may also help to avoid any disturbance to customers. The customers need coins in order to manage the coin-operated washing machines (It cost 5 to 10 peso coins). Then they can sort their laundry according to its color and kind of cloth. Load them in the machine and make that the weight...
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...1.0 Introduction Eastern gear Inc. is a manufacturer of custom made gears ranging in weight from a few ounces to over 50 pounds. The gears are made of different metals depending on the customer’s requirements. Eastern gear sells its products primarily to engineering research and development laboratories or very small manufacturers. The president of Eastern Gear decided to accept a few larger orders for 100 gears or more. Although lower prices were accepted on these orders, they helped pay the overhead. It was found that the large orders caused many of the small orders to wait for a long time before being processed. As a result some deliveries of small orders were late. Roger Rhodes had faced many problems and the major problem is not having an efficient production line. The current production process is inefficient and disorganized. After consideration of several alternatives, we have found some major problems that occur in Eastern Gear Inc. The problem that have been analyse is the problem in term of raw materials, production flows, factory layout, poor quality control checks, unproductive way to rush orders and others The problems come from the process design that is inefficient. They also are lacking an organized quality control program. This has resulted in the doubling of production times and a six percent return rate on orders. As the president, he needs to take a responsible by doing actions to solve all the problems that occurred. The actions that should be properly working...
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