...1950’s Men and Today’s Men The gender role theory “posits that boys and girls learn to perform one's biologically assigned gender through particular behaviors and attitudes” (Boundless, 2015). The environmental causes of gender roles and the impact of socialization are emphasized by the gender role theory. The social role theory postulates that the social structure is the underlying force in determining gender roles. The social role theory also states that the division of labor between two sexes within a society drives sex-differentiated behavior. The division of labor is what created gender roles, which eventually, led to social behavior that could be defined as being gender specific in nature. Over the years, these roles would transform to adapt to the expectations of society’s current males. One popular trend of gender roles that has been commonly studied is workplace roles. For decades, men were viewed as the sole provider; therefore, the wife’s duties did not exceed past her home. She was in charge of caring for her husband, their children, and their home. Men were supposed to go to work every day to provide for their family, adequately meet all of their needs, and be someone that his children can look up to. In the 1950’s, men were coming back from war, and the women had filled the positions left open by men going off to World War II. During the 1960’s, known as the hippie era, gender roles began developing in a more neutral and equal manner, “but media still tried to...
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...(even more expensive then back in history), even if there are health and medical insurance. Back in the mid 1930’s, the Blue Cross/Blue shield organization sought to give individuals hospital and medical coverage with only one prepaid fee (a deductible). Years later, there were other health and medical insurance companies who started offering coverage, such as, Kaiser Permanente and others. With both companies they offer each individual/families the same medical plan with a prepaid fee for coverage for the medical care they received (National Healthcare Reform Magazine, 2012). Over the years from the 1980’s and the 1990’s, even more organization started up, changing the microeconomic and macroeconomics of healthcare. The first one is Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO). HMO’s offers individuals a low monthly fee for coverage, which includes a little to no co-pay for service and medical visits. The way HMO works, the company pays whatever they decide they want to pay, and the patient has to pay the remaining balance of what’s left. Those carriers had the power to put restrictions on the more expensive services. These carriers could decide that a service was a risk and decide not to pay for the service for the covered individual. The HMO carrier offered low cost health care and offered plans to the individual with a cost savings (National Healthcare Reform Magazine, 2012). With HMO plans that only cover low risk level treatment, some individuals started to turn to another plan...
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...of masculinity and femininity differ due to cultural aspects and change over time. Early advertising and brand building were aimed at women in the Irish society as the consumer was seen as a female role. Products and services of less significance such as domestic brands were aimed at women. Adverts for domestic brands often represented women to be naive and foolish. The washing detergent adverts for Ajax Laundry Detergent in the 1960’s portrays the foolish housewife. “The housewife was a uniformed and classless persona precisely because marketers could for the first time unite women from different backgrounds under the same banner” (Giles, 2004) Due to marketers the perceived image of a woman’s role was a housewife. This image of a woman who cooks, cleans and takes care of the children was a learned image in the Irish society. From a young age we were exposed to housewife role through children’s programs, television soap operas films and television adverts. This image of the traditional housewife was broke in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s when women became a large presence in the professional workforce. Early advertising portrayed the male to have ultimate power. The word ‘man’ has been used to represent all humans as in ‘mankind’, ‘man in the street’ and ‘man made’. Marketers targeted men with products of high significance and high quality. These products were often luxury goods such as cars or tobacco. Marketers...
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...INTRODUCTION It is a well-known fact that one of the most effective ways to increase engagement on social media platforms is through the use of quality photographs. And what better way for a restaurant to show off its offerings than through the use of photography? EXCEPTIONAL FOOD PHOTOGRAPHY Both in print and online is an important aspect of a restaurant’s branding and marketing yet may restaurants overlook this. Either they use stock photography that doesn’t represent their menu or they use poorly lit photos by an amateur. It’s important to remember that we eat with our eyes first. Having appetizing, food photos is a sure-fire way to grab someone’s attention when they’re checking you out online and to draw your customer’s attention when they’re in your restaurant. But take heed, many restaurants have amazing food photography, but the final product is nothing like what it looks like. This doesn’t mean that you have to plate exactly as the photo, but it does mean you’ve got to deliver on taste IMPORTANCE OF FOOD PHOTOGRAPHY IN MARKETING YOUR FOOD BUSINESS! Great pictures of food can make our mouths water and our stomachs ache for a particular product. This simple fact yields results that would normally only happen via live sampling and literally can save you thousands of dollars introducing a new product to consumers via distribution of photographs on websites, packaging, coupons, ads, and flyers. THE AESTHETIC AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FOOD...
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...The Reagan years of the 1970’s-1980’s And Todays Political Spectrum Lucinda Schutts September 28, 2014 The Reagan Revolution can be credited (although most try to criticize) as reshaping of everything about American politics, everything except for political ideology. “Reagan brought racial and religious conservatives who dislike the reformist social agenda embraced by the federal government in the 1960s, as well as neo-conservatives who want a tougher foreign policy.”(Schneider, W. 1987) President Reagan not only stabilized the economy, he pushed for rights of religion, sexuality, women, and drug abuse with a smaller government than today. “In the 1970’s there was a shift in Americans ideas from the New Deal and the Civil Rights movement and toward the sovereignty of the free market and private life.” (Parker, G 2004) “The 1980s created the “me” generation of Americans concerned more of their selves; Thus giving birth to the “yuppie-young urban professional.” (Watson, J.) “Many felt there were almost no limits on the good life they could lead.” (Watson, J.2014) The Political Spectrum today American society today has various political spectrums; even so it would be described more as a post-modernist (post modernism) society. (Liberal ideology) (a long stretch from the 1970’s and 1980’s political spectrum of Communism, and Conservatism to name a few. ) “Post modernism would be considered post World War ll Liberalism the “anti-Leftism.”...
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...the driver of demand going forward is all about products that are 'right for me,"' says David Martin, president of Interbrand Corp. "And that's ultimately about offering a degree of customization for all." At the same time, the almost-universal audience assembled long ago by network television and augmented by the other mass media is fragmenting at an accelerating rate. The mass media's decline is an old story in many respects; prime-time network ratings and newspaper circulation have been sliding since the 1970s. What's new is that the proliferation of digital and wireless communication channels is spreading the mass audience of yore ever-thinner across hundreds of narrowcast cable-TV and radio channels, thousands of specialized magazines, and millions of computer terminals, video-game consoles, personal digital assistants, and cell-phone screens. In the 1960s, an advertiser could reach 80% of U.S. women with a spot aired simultaneously on CBS (VIA ), NBC (GE ), and ABC (DIS ). Today, an ad would have to run on 100 TV channels to have a prayer of duplicating this feat. Adding a few Web sites would help, but not even the biggest new media conduits -- not Home Box Office, not Yahoo, not AOL (TWX ) Instant Messenger, not even...
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...Problems are human judgments about situations. Many question and steps have to be taking. Also with an ethical solutions in place. I’ve found that The Five P’s from my text book if placed right cover’s those questions to most problems although everyone problems or challenges maybe different you can use techniques to decide on a course of action. One of my listed above is fear of failure. I think when it comes to education and failure that can present a big problem, an attempt to impose expectations on us in a way that is difficult. In the 1940’s According to a survey reported in a 1988 issues of Time magazine, Schools faced problems such as Talking, Chewing Gum, and Improper Clothing. Source: Time Magazine, 2-1-88 and though that is far from the problems in the 1980’s just some examples how that could affect education and have a judgment or put someone in a situation where failure can present a big problem. Problems and Challenges Problems and Challenges can be viewed differently by simply following the 5 P process. But for those that don’t have access they see that a situation conflicts with their interests, and they declare, “There is a problem here” all is the same different terms what is the situation? Whom does it concern? How do we perceive it? Why does it concern you? What changes will it propose? Are all just other steps and procession question that have to be asked Another Problem is self-motivation it is hard for me to find the energy...
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...responsible breeding programs, educates new owners about the breed and shows Bullmastiffs competitively in American Kennel Club events. Her program catches attention in Dog Fancy magazine during the 1980’s, as she participates nationally, with Bullmastiff organizations throughout the United States. She is known as a tough lady to buy a puppy from. Unfortunately, Roxanne left our world March 11, 2015, however, her legacy continues (Zellman). Roxanne, always shows a competitive spirit throughout her life. In her youth, she won beauty pageants, and attracting further attention as a fire baton twirler, then expressing her natural beauty and competitive nature as a print work model (Zellman). Her breeding program begins in the 1980’s originating with Great Danes. The exclusivity and enormous physique of the Bullmastiff becomes an attraction for Roxanne. As a result, she began showing her first Bullmastiff, titling the dog with a championship through the American Kennel Club. Competing and showing a dog easily outweighing her by...
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...Strategic Marketing: Nike: A Case Study: . Published: 14th October 2013 Table of Contents 1. Assignment Topic 3 2. Word Count 3 3. Executive Summary 3 4. Introduction 4 5. Nike – Where it came from 4 6. Nike – Market orientation, challenges and missteps 5 7. Nike’s labour practices shame and the turn around 8 8. Nike’s “She runs the night campaign” 9 9. Conclusion 10 10. References 11 11. Appendix A - Case Study 13 Nike - The art of selling air 13 1. Assignment Topic In your case report, identify three to four marketing challenges covered in this subject, and address how those challenges can be met using the principles developed in this subject. Be sure to cite and reference the name and source of your case in your assignment report (as well as other references you use). The case study “Nike – The art of selling air.” has been included for reference in Appendix A of this paper. 2. Word Count This paper contains a total of 2581 words from the start of the introduction to the end of the conclusion section. 3. Executive Summary Companies today face many challenges to maintain market share and differentiate themselves from a highly competitive and ever evolving market place. Marketing is crucial to a company’s long term success. The aim of this paper is to use the “Nike - The art of selling air.” case study and concepts from strategic marketing theory to identify marketing challenges and how those challenges...
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...girls in all subjects, but, in fairly recent times girls have exceeded boys and are achieving generally better grades and levels than boys in all subjects. Some sociologists agree that gender differences in achievement are based on factors outside of school, and one of these factors is “the impact of feminism.” In item A, evidence shows that boys examination performance has fallen behind that of girls since the 1980’s. Therefore girls are exceedingly doing better as a result of the rise of feminism in the 1980’s. As feminism is a social movement that impacted lives of all, making men and women equal, the movement has changed the traditional stereotype of women’s role in society. As women used to be typically uneducated and working solely as a mother and housewife in the home, as well as being inferior to men and unable to do things, in recent times the impact of feminism has allowed women to be able to be educated, and break through the glass ceiling effect that oppressed women in the past. Angela McRobbie’s study of girl magazines (1994) showed that in the 1970’s they emphasised the importance of getting married however nowadays they contain images of assertive independent women. So then exceeding boys in all aspects of education as a result of this external factor that allowed women to be equal. Adding to this. some sociologists agree that gender differences in achievement are also based on external factors, such as the rise of women’s paid work and consequently the decline...
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...(someone afraid of doctors, medicine, and hospitals). Often stuck in bed for days at a time, Andy was entertained by the radio and television, which he later described as an important influence on his artwork. In 1945, he entered the Carnegie Institute of Technology where he majored in graphic design. Upon graduation, Warhol moved to New York where he worked as an illustrator for several magazines including “Vogue”, “Harper's Bazaar” and “The New Yorker” and did advertising and window displays for many department stores. Warhol became famous worldwide for his work as a painter, filmmaker, record producer, author, and public figure known for his social circles of friends which included Hollywood celebrities, politicians, and wealthy families. In the 1950’s, the record industry was quickly expanding with vinyl records and hi-fi stereo equipment. Around 1950, RCA hired Andy Warhol and his artist friend, Sid Maurer, to create vinyl album covers and poster advertisements for the newest recording artists. This led to many important meetings with influential businessmen. Throughout the 1950’s, Warhol enjoyed a successful career winning several awards from the Art Director's Club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts. In 1952, Warhol had his first solo art exhibit at the Hugo Gallery, which included his famous “Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote”. His work was exhibited in several other galleries during the 1950s, including The Museum of Modern Art in...
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...I am a forty one year old woman who is now disable by schizoaffective disease. My career is writing in different areas since it was one thing I was not deny while standing in front of the judge or the occupation during my hearing. Most other jobs I am not able to hold at this time until treatment or some form of recovery. My first stressful experience was living in a haunted house as a very small child. I will tell how this effect me at this time and my disease as well. I am divorce from my high school love which I was with for eleven years. I have been a single mother for about ten years now while struggling with schizoaffective. My first publication when I was about in eighth grade when winning a "Make It Real Contest" by a magazine in...
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...How far do you agree that women had made significant gains in their fight for equality by 1980? Equality is ensuring individuals or groups of individuals are treated fairly and equally on the grounds of their race, gender, religion, disability, age or sexual orientation. One such group of individuals who are in an unremitting fight for equality in context of gender and race are woman within the United States exemplified by the World economic forum global gender gap report of 2015, ranking the country 28th in terms of equality between men and woman. Although in terms of the global demographic the ranking appears adequate – impressive even by some accounts, the unwavering determination of the feminist movement leading up the 1980’s, disappointingly appears to pale in vain to the statistic. Indeed this trait of gender inequality is consistent not only today but also throughout America’s history. On the 3rd February 1870 the 15th Amendment to the constitution of the United States of America declared that all US citizens had equal voting rights. Indeed this would prove to be an unequivocally vital development in socio-political dynamic of the country, however the amendment ultimately marginalised and repudiated a fundamental gender arguing that they served no purpose other than to adhere to gender roles ministering to a man and reproducing. – The female. In perspective one could argue that the recognition of US citizenship within the parameters of voting rights proved to be the...
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...and their difficulties as there were basic rights which were being denied and discriminated against in the workplace during 1960 through 1980. As a setback that women faced in the 1960s and the early 1980s were that men realized what women were trying to do as much as they could, but men wanted to keep fully qualified women out of their workplace. During the early the 1960s, many changes were put in place to help women get to the top in a sense it would be fair to say that women as individuals have always been viewed as the underdog to a man especially in the workplace. Rex 1978 “stated that in the 1970’s women were heavily discriminated against when it came to what jobs they received and would the pay be equal to a what a man is paid”. Changes for women has progressed over time however in the 1960’s and 1970’s certain jobs like construction and policing made it hard for a woman to strive equally as a man in these types of fields during this time frame there were several activist that attempted to take a stand. Prophet Gail Cook addressed the issue of women being treated equally in the work field it is important to understand that changes that have been made to equal the playing field when it comes to a woman being treated equally to a man Sawhney stated that women have been denied basic rights and this has been occurring since before the 1960’s Changes that was effective and helped to succeed by more jobs being offered it opened up room for women to start applying for jobs that...
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...Lindsey Bembry Leveraged Buyouts A leveraged buyout, LBO, is an acquisition of a company or a portion of a company with a considerable portion of loaned funds. The assets of the target company are used as collateral. Each leveraged buyout is unique in that companies have their own capital structure. The one characteristic that is common within each LBO is the use of financial leverage to complete the purchase of the target company. In order for a LBO to take place, an investor, private equity firms or financial sponsor is needed. In a typical LBO, the firm obtaining the company will finance the purchase with a mixture of debt and equity. A segment of the debt in a LBO is protected by the assets of the target company. New cash flows from the bought out business are then used to pay the debt from the buyout. Leveraged buyouts happen to companies of all sizes and in all different types of industries. However, some elements from possible target firms include; small debt loads, history of positive cash flows, a significant amount of tangible assets, the possibility of new management making improvements, and for valuation/stock price to be minimal. Debt financing is borrowing money from a source with the intent to pay back the principal plus an agreed upon interest. An advantage of debt financing is those who use it can maintain ownership. Corporate balance sheets typically use principal and interest payments as a business expense which can be deducted from income...
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