...estimated that every person used about 40 lbs. of glue each year. Glue was applicable in making crafts, furniture, plumbing, shoes, books, buildings and a lot more. Many commercial glue are available in stores, but there are also materials readily available in the household that could be utilized in making an adhesive. The following of them are the most common: flour, milk, water, sugar and vinegar. Processes Involving Milk Milk can be transformed into curds and whey by adding (1) rennet or (2) a mild acid such as acetic acid. Since vinegar is acetic acid, it is used in this experiment instead of more expensive reagent grade materials. After curds form and are separated from the whey, the acid is neutralized with the sodium bicarbonate. The clumps of curds are comprised of casein, a protein found in milk. Casein proteins make up 3% of whole milk. Glues made from casein include products such as Elmer’s and other woodworking glues. Casein can also be poured into molded into forms to making a variety of plastic items such as combs, bead, button and umbrella handles. (Webb) Making Glue from Common Household Materials Experiments that created glue from milk, vinegar, baking soda, and water resulted to effective adhesion of the formed glue. By adding vinegar to the milk, a chemical reaction is created which makes the milk separate into two parts: curds and liquid (whey). The curds are milk protein, called casein. Liquid casein is natural glue. When baking soda is added, it neutralizes...
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...WMRC Greening School’s Green Chemistry Lesson Glue From Milk GS005-008 Objectives 1. Examine how a chemical reaction can change into a new product, 2. Understand how renewable resources can be used in our everyday lives Materials • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 one-ounce medicine cups Safety goggles Plastic spoon (reuse) Basket-type coffee filter 2 9-once clear (reusable) plastic cups 3-quart package of powdered non-fat milk 1 ½ cups vinegar 8 ounce box of baking soda set of measuring spoons Measuring cup Hot water (1/3 – ½ cup) Plastic or newspaper (to cover table if necessary) Paper for gluing Towels for cleanup Green Chemistry Principles • • Safety first and last Use renewable resources IL State Standards (Science) 11.A, 12.B, 12.C, 12.E, 13.B • Levels Middle School (Use as a demonstration for elementary school) Vocabulary Curd, Whey, Casein, Rennin Time One class period Overview Utilizing renewable resources in the classroom visually illustrates the principles of Green Chemistry. The Milk and Glue activity demonstrates to the students that you can take a renewable resource-milk in this case, and through a chemical reaction, turn it into a usable product such as glue. The activity also shows the students that chemistry can be fun. One batch of glue will be made, although this glue does not have a long shelf life. Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. Measure ¼ cup of hot water Pout into a clear 9-ounce cup Add 2 tablespoons of powdered mil to the water and...
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...Interpretation of results and Deriving of conclusions Powdered milk makes the strongest milk glue because of its high protein content. This is because casein is a protein which is present in milk and gives milk its white colour. It contains all the essential amino acids required by humans, making it of high nutritional value. Casein is also used in the manufacture of adhesives, binders, and other things. It is frequently found in other nondairy cheese substitutes to improve consistency, especially when melted. Casein glue can be used on wood with up to 15% moisture content as well as oily woods. Commercial casein glues contain dried curd casein, lime, sodium salts and fungicide. However, insects, mice, mold and bacteria also love casein glues. Curd is formed as a result of the chemical reaction between casein and lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria in milk causes the coagulation of casein and so converts the milk into curd. Curd can also be obtained by coagulating milk with an edible acidic substance, vinegar in this case, and then draining off the liquid portion, which is the whey. During the heating process, the curd is separated from the liquid, which is the whey. The heat helps to speed up the separation process. The curds will then dry to form casein, which also acts as an adhesive. The vinegar is acidic, and so it curdles the solids so they can be separated from the whey, and the baking soda neutralises any acid that remains. From our experiment and the results...
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...Objective: The goal of these experiments is to create glue by combinging curdled milk and baking soda. Research Question: Why do curds form in milk? What is a protein? How does it differ from a sugar or a fat? What is casein? How can you extract it from milk? How is it used? Milk can be transformed into curds and whey by adding (1) rennet or (2) a mild acid such as acetic acid. Since vinegar is acetic acid, it is used in this experiment instead of more expensive reagent grade materials. After curds form and are separated from the whey, the acid is neutralized with the sodium bicarbonate. The clumps of curds are comprised of casein, a protein found in milk. Casein proteins make up 3% of whole milk. Glues made from casein include products such as Elmer’s and other woodworking glues. The relationship between the Borden Company, it’s mascot Elsie-the-Cow and glue becomes more apparent when you consider that Borden purchased the Casein Company in 1929, and introduced its first glue, called Casco glue in 1932. Casein can also be poured into molded into forms to making a variety of plastic items such as combs, bead, button and umbrella handles. Materials: Non-fat milk or skim milk Glass or enamel saucepan Tablespoon Access to a stove White vinegar Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) Babyfood jar or similar contain for the glue Experimental Procedure: Put a pint of milk into a saucepan. Add six tablespoons of white vinegar and stir. Heat the saucepan on a stove using...
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...Investigatory project: Milk as an alternative material for making glue Submitted by: Angelico John Rago Kyle Navaja Jack Daniel L. Dumo John Vincent Maaghop Submitted to: Ms. Sheila Bactol Material for making Milk as Glue 1. Milk 2. White vinegar 3. Baking soda 4. Pan 5. Water 6. Strainer Procedure • Heat 1 and a half cups of milk in a pan, once warm add 3 teaspoons of white vinegar. • Keep heating and stirring the mixture and you should see the curds ( solid part ) and whey ( liquid part ) separate. • Strain the mixture using a sieve. You should be left with solid lumps which you can mould together to make a ball. • Place the solid mixture back in the pan and add a little water and a tablespoon of baking soda. • Heat the mixture until it starts to bubble. • Give it a good stir and let it cool. You can now use it as glue. You might need to add a little more water or baking soda until you get the right consistency. It should look like a thick paste. Introduction Glue is a sticky material (usually a liquid) that can stick two or more things together. Glue can be made from plant or animal parts, or it can be made from oil-based chemicals. The first glues may have been natural liquids that come out of trees when they are cut. Later people learned to make glue by boiling animal feet, cartilage or bones. Some very strong glue was first made from fish bones, rubber. This glue will stick pieces of paper together. Many kinds of art...
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...What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. Originally, emphasis was placed on harmful micro organisms which cause disease or spoilage of beverages and food, but it is now recognized that many microbes have essential roles in our ecosystem or can be used to accomplish beneficial tasks. Human history is full of examples of major devastations caused by bacteria and viruses. Some of these historically important diseases still occur, such tuberculosis and yellow fever. Microorganisms are evolving to cause new infectious disease problems such as Lyme disease and AIDS, which capture public attention. Control and eradication of infectious diseases remain important goals of many microbiologists. The recognition that microorganisms were responsible for what was earlier thought to be "spontaneous generation" opened the door to industrial (pharmaceutical, chemical, energy) and food microbiology, technologies which contribute substantially to today's way of life. Microorganisms in soil and water are essential in the transformation of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and iron to products needed by plants and animals. In various ways, microbes participate in environmental cycling and degradation and global change. In the last few decades, microorganisms have been recognized as ideal model systems for the study of basic biological processes. More recently, microbiologists have brought an exciting dimension to the study of biology...
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...delicious masterpiece. A cheeseburger would not exist without the bun to hold all of the ingredients together. The bun is made of flour, a starch or long chains of sugars molecules known as polysaccharides, yeast, salt and water. Flour, or grains are comprised mainly of wheat. When these ingredients mix, the flour gums up and absorbs all the water to produce a protein matrix called gluten. Gluten is elastic and holds the bread together to give it structure. As you knead the dough, the yeast, a living single cell creature, begins to eat the starch. When the starch is consumed by the yeast, carbon dioxide is produced. The process of microbes producing gas from starches and sugars is known as fermentation. When the CO2 gas is heated, it expands, making the bubbles inside the dough larger and inflates the elastic gluten. When the dough is placed in an oven at 400°F, the yeast become more active and produce CO2 faster. But when it becomes too hot, the yeast microbes die and expansion stops. The air pockets set and give the buns a...
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...Natural Insect Repellents | | | Maintain a healthy lifestyle with ALVEO | Around the world millions of people spend a lot of money on buying insect repellents for domestic use. This is a very important investment for families as insects and various arthropod pests spread dangerous diseases, killing or sickening millions of people each year. In fact, the health of a family may sometimes depend even on the choice of insect repellent being used at home. Insects and other disease spreading pests can threaten the health and lives of families and individuals in a community, many lethal diseases such as Lyme disease, bubonic plague, dengue fever and malaria, for example, are spread by biting or stinging pests. The pests include all insects, example, the mosquito is responsible for spreading malaria, as well as ticks which spread Lyme disease. The citizens of first world countries typically tend to become infected through the bite or sting of insects and bugs while they are abroad. Indeed, travelers to exotic locales are often affected by nasty diseases transmitted by insects or bugs and bring such disease home with them. The greatest dangers lurk closer home and one need not travel across the world to face tiny pests. Many local insects and bugs in North America can cause serious diseases. Therefore, protecting the entire family through the prudent use of good quality insect and bug repellents is a necessity. Insects and bugs as vectors Each year, millions of people die...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION As the demand of Food Industry continues to upsurge at the present time, people as the consumers tend to explore for a unique food outlet which can offer products suitable to their taste and preferences. Since meals on the go are nothing new in the Food Service Industry, there is an outgrowing demand of people who are looking for healthy, “Home- Cooked Meals” and finding them outside their traditional way of eating. Food that is flavorful and healthy is making the grade, which explains why ethnic or native meals are among top home meal replacement preferences. Hence, Food chains are becoming popular already. Considering this fact, the proposed business is entitled “Harampangan ha Sinirangan”, this has the quickness of the service in fast-food chains and the convenience that most upscale restaurants gives to its customers and top it all with meals and delicacies that are inspired by purely Eastern Visayas Cuisine. The local residents and tourists as the major target beneficiaries, tend to discover a place where to gather, relax, enjoy and eat something new. Having these ideas, the proposed business would be a place that would cater with that needs and wants. It would be first Food Outlet that would offer purely native meals and delicacies. The proposed business would be situated at Real Street, Sagkahan Tacloban City. It is therefore accessible and is located near with the prospective target consumers. The proposed business would not only...
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...Values of Diets Compared Fat-soluble Vitamins and Activators Mantesh Why Tooth Decay with Modern Civilization? Weston Price's Tooth Decay Curing Protocol Dr. Price's Protocol Summarized Chapter 2 References CHAPTER 3 MAKE YOUR TEETH STRONG WITH FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS How Teeth Remineralize 101 Hormones and Tooth Decay Cholesterol The Miracle of Vitamin D Vital Fat-Soluble Vitamin A Cod Liver Oil Heals Cavities Weston Price’s Activator X More Fat-Soluble Vitamin Sources: Bone Marrow, Brain, Kidneys, and Glands Organs from the Water Fat-soluble Vitamin Summary Chapter 3 References CHAPTER 4 REMINERALIZE YOUR TEETH WITH WISE FOOD CHOICES The Town without a Toothache Deceptive Labeling Pasteurization Kills Milk Obtaining Raw Milk Good Soup Heals Your Teeth Blood Sugar Sweeteners Protein for Your Teeth Protein Assimilation...
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...Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Library of Congress has already cataloged the 10-digit ISBN as follows: Werner, David, 1934Where there is no doctor: a village health care handbook / by David Werner; with Carol Thuman and Jane Maxwell-Rev. ed. Includes Index. ISBN 0-942364-15-5 1. Medicine, Popular. 2. Rural health. I. Thuman, Carol, 1959-. II. Maxwell, Jane, 1941-. III Title. [DNLM: 1. Community Health Aides-handbooks. 2. Medicine-popular works. 3. Rural Health-handbooks. WA 39 W492W] RC81.W4813 1992 610-dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 92-1539 CIP Published by: Hesperian 1919 Addison St., #304 Berkeley, California 94704 • USA hesperian@hesperian.org • www.hesperian.org Copyright © 1977, 1992, 2010 by the Hesperian Foundation First English edition: October 1977 Revised English edition: May 1992 Eleventh printing: July 2010 ISBN: 978-0-942364-15-6 The original English version of this book was produced in 1977 as a revised translation of the Spanish edition, Donde no hay doctor. Hesperian encourages others to copy, reproduce, or adapt to meet local needs, any or all parts of this book, including the illustrations, provided the parts reproduced are distributed free or at cost—not for profit. Any organization or person who wishes to copy, reproduce, or adapt any or all parts of this book for commercial purposes, must first obtain permission to do so from Hesperian. Please contact Hesperian before...
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...2 States THE STORY OF MY MARRIAGE Love marriages around the world are simple: Boy loves girl. Girl loves boy. They get married. In India, there are a few more steps: Boy loves Girl. Girl loves Boy. Girl's family has to love boy. Boy's family has to love girl. Girl's Family has to love Boy's Family. Boy's family has to love girl's family. Girl and Boy still love each other. They get married. Welcome to 2 States, a story about Krish and Ananya. They are from two different states of India, deeply in love and want to get married. Of course, their parents don’t agree. To convert their love story into a love marriage, the couple have a tough battle in front of them. For it is easy to fight and rebel, but it is much harder to convince. Will they make it? From the author of blockbusters Five Point Someone, One Night @ the Call Center and The 3 Mistakes of My Life, comes another witty tale about inter-community marriages in modern India. This may be the first time in the history of books, but here goes: Dedicated to my in-laws* *which does not mean I am henpecked, under her thumb or not man enough PROLOGUE “Why am I referred here? I don’t have a problem,” I said. She didn’t react. Just gestured that I remove my shoes and take the couch. She had an office like any other doctor’s, minus the smells and cold, dangerous instruments. She waited for me to talk more. I hesitated and spoke again. “I’m sure people come here with big, insurmountable problems. Girlfriends dump...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...ANALOGY EXERCISE A Directions: In each of the following questions,there is a certain relationship between two given words on one side of : : and one word is given on another side of : :while another word is to be found from the given alternatives,having the same relation with this word as the words of the given pair bear. Choose the correct alternative. 1 . Moon : Satellite : : Earth :? (A) Sun (B) Planet (C)Solar System (D) Asteroid Ans: (B) Explanation: Moon is a satellite and Earth is a Planet . 2 . Forecast : Future : : Regret :? (A) Present (B) Atone (C)Past (D)Sins Ans: (C) Explanation: Forecast is for Future happenings and Regret is for past actions . 3. Influenza : Virus : : Typhoid : ? (A) Bacillus (B)Parasite (C)Protozoa (D) Bacteria Ans: (D) Explanation: First is the disease caused by the second . 4. Fear : Threat : : Anger : ? (A)Compulsion (B)Panic (C)Provocation (D)Force Ans: (C) Explanation: First arises from the second . 5. Melt : Liquid : : Freeze : ? (A)Ice (B)Condense (C)Solid (D)Crystal Ans: (C) Explanation: First is the process of formation of the second . 6. Clock : Time : : Thermometer : ? (A)Heat (B)Radiation (C)Energy (D)Temperature Ans: (D) Explanation: First is an instrument used to measure the second . 7. Muslim : Mosque : : Sikhs : ? (A)Golden Temple (B)Medina (C)Fire Temple (D)Gurudwara Ans: (D) Explanation: Second is the pace of worship for the first . 8. Paw : Cat : : Hoof : ? (A)Horse (B)Lion (C)Lamb (D)Elephant Ans: (A) Explanation: First...
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...1 General Science General Science CHAPTER I. CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER IX 2 CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI General Science CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV General...
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