...MALAYSIA – SINGAPORE RELATIONS: THE SECURITY DILEMMAS INTRODUCTION ‘It's impossible to be friendly with Singapore because of the neighbouring city states’ unfriendliness towards Malaysia. Singapore gets into that kind of mood that they reject anything that comes from Malaysia. We try to be as friendly as possible but it's impossible’.[1] Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Former Malaysia Prime Minister “…we fear that at some time or other there could be a random act of madness like cutting off our water supplies, which they had publicly threatened whenever there were differences between us… we have to be prepared for all contingencies”.[2] Lee Kuan Yew Former Singapore Prime Minister Singapore became a part of Malaysia in 1963. On the part of Singapore, such was a welcomed move as Singapore lacks the depth, mass and resources deemed necessary for development and survival. On the part of Malaysia, however, it started-off as a half-hearted decision, with Tunku Abdul Rahman fearing that the Chinese population in Singapore would, after the merger, upset the Malay majority in Malaya. In May 1960, he told Malayan students in London that “(The) Chinese-educated and new immigrants will always be loyal to China and they are less Malay-minded,” and that the inclusion of the 1.3 million Chinese would confuse Malayans and ruin the calm atmosphere of the Federation[3]...
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...THE RISE OF TONY FERNANDES AND AIRASIA IN MALAYSIA1 SHAHRIL EASHAK ISMAIL Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Caulfield East Vic 3145, Australia Email: seism1@student.monash.edu 1 This paper was presented to the 18 Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association th of Australia in Adelaide, 5-8 July 2010. It has been peer reviewed via a double referee process and appears on the Conference Proceedings Website by the permission of the author who retains copyright. This paper may be downloaded for fair use under the Copyright Act (1954), its later amendments and other relevant legislation. 2 The Rise of Tony Fernandes and AirAsia in Malaysia This article discusses the emergence of Tony Fernandes and AirAsia. At first, when AirAsia was relaunched as a Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) under the leadership of Fernandes, no one thought the airliner would survive, let alone become a symbol of the liberalisation of the aviation industry in Southeast Asia. Second, Fernandes, a Malaysian Indian of Portuguese Malaccan descent – obviously not a Bumiputra2 - was able to thrive as an entrepreneur in an environment where the government gave top priority to Bumiputra entrepreneurs. These issues are discussed in this paper. Malaysia’s New Economic Policy (NEP) The Malaysian Government has played a significant role in Malaysia’s rapid economic growth. After the independence in August 1957, the economy shifted...
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...THE RISE OF TONY FERNANDES AND AIRASIA IN MALAYSIA1 SHAHRIL EASHAK ISMAIL Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Caulfield East Vic 3145, Australia Email: seism1@student.monash.edu 1 This paper was presented to the 18 Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association th of Australia in Adelaide, 5-8 July 2010. It has been peer reviewed via a double referee process and appears on the Conference Proceedings Website by the permission of the author who retains copyright. This paper may be downloaded for fair use under the Copyright Act (1954), its later amendments and other relevant legislation. 2 The Rise of Tony Fernandes and AirAsia in Malaysia This article discusses the emergence of Tony Fernandes and AirAsia. At first, when AirAsia was relaunched as a Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) under the leadership of Fernandes, no one thought the airliner would survive, let alone become a symbol of the liberalisation of the aviation industry in Southeast Asia. Second, Fernandes, a Malaysian Indian of Portuguese Malaccan descent – obviously not a Bumiputra2 - was able to thrive as an entrepreneur in an environment where the government gave top priority to Bumiputra entrepreneurs. These issues are discussed in this paper. Malaysia’s New Economic Policy (NEP) The Malaysian Government has played a significant role in Malaysia’s rapid economic growth. After the independence in August 1957, the economy shifted...
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...Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. ASEAN was founded on 8 August 1967 with the ASEAN declaration signed by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN was signed right after the problem that was happened in the South East Asian Countries. The problem that occurred was known as the Indonesia and Malaysia Confrontation from 1963 to 1966. RELATIONSHIP BEFORE YEAR 1963...
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...Introduction Industrial relations in accordance to tradition, is the relationship between the management and the employees in an unionized organization. This relationship is formal and legalistic, as it involved the acts of law. It is also often viewed as the sub set of employment relationship. Industrial relations play an important role in Asia, with significant transition over the years. Despite the fact that different Asian countries opted inconsistent strategies in the aspect to industrial relations, I do not agree to the statement saying that Singapore is the odd country out when compared to other Asian countries. Background to Industrial relations in Singapore With a relatively small population of 4.3 million people, Singapore sought survival in the 1950s to 1970s with heavy industrialization. In order to attract foreign investment, the state had to mold an industrial relations polices that were able to effectively draw investors. The symbiotic relationship between the political party, the People’s Action Party (PAP) and the labor movement crafted the industrial relations in Singapore. Anantaraman (1990) stated that in the initial stages to gain political stability and at the same time eliminate the communist, the PAP efforts in eliminating the communists not only brought political stability but also a dependent trade union movement. The noncommunist National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) took over the Singapore Association of Trade Union (SATU) to become the leading...
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...Malaysia’s Foreign Policy (DIS 3113) Tun Abdul Razak: Malaysia-China Relationship Normalization Mej Suresh Vijayaratnam TUDM 814114 Mej Razali bin Ahmad Jumali TUDM 8141138 Introduction TUN ABDUL RAZAK’S BIOGRAPHY Tun Abdul Razak was born in Pulau Keladi, Pahang on March 11, 1922 and is the only child to Dato' Hussein bin Mohd Taib and Hajah Teh Fatimah bt Daud. He was a brilliant student and received his early education at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar in 1934. In 1939, Tun Razak joined the Malay Administrative Service. Thereafter in 1940 he was awarded a scholarship to study at Raffles College in Singapore. His studies at the college ceased with the onset of the Second World War. However Tun Razak left for Britain in 1947 to study law with a Malayan Union scholarship at the age of 25. In 1950 he received a Degree of an Utter Barrister from Lincoln's Inn. Tun Razak was a member of the British Labour Party and a prominent student leader of the Kesatuan Melayu Great Britain (Malay Association of Great Britain) during his student days in England. He also shaped the Malayan Forum, an organisation for Malayan students to discuss their country's political issues. Upon his return, he joined the Malayan Civil Service. Tun Razak joined United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in 1950 he became the youth chief. He worked as the Assistant State Secretary of Pahang and in February 1955 and at a young age of 33 years, Tun Razak became Pahang's Chief Minister. He won...
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...Reproduced from Federal-State Relations in Sabah, Malaysia: The Berjaya Administration, 1976-85 by Regina Lim (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg > REFERENCES Abinales, Patricio N. Making Mindanao: Cotabato and Davao in the Formation of the Philippine Nation-state. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000. Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso. State and Society in the Philippines. Lanham, M.D.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. Ahmad Ibrahim. “The Administration of Muslim Law Enactment, Sabah, 1977 (No. 15 of 1977)”. Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law 5, no. 2 (1978): 359–62. Andaya, Barbara W. “Cash Cropping and Upstream-downstream Tensions: The Case of Jambi in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”. In Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era: Trade, Power, and Belief, edited by Anthony Reid. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1993. Baker, M. H. Sabah: The First Ten Years as a Colony. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia Publishing House, 1965. Black, Ian. “The Ending of Brunei Rule in Sabah, 1878–1902”. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 41, no. 2 (1968): 176–92. ———. A Gambling Style of Government:...
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...with the Japanese and Koreans, but the way the Asian Chinese run their organizations, differs from them. The unique way that the Chinese business system operates is known as ‘overseas Chinese management’ (Petzall, Abbott & Timo 2007). Although both the Japanese and Koreans and the Asian Chinese are collectivist, community is more important to the former, while family ties and ‘guanxi’ are more significant to the latter (Petzall, Abbott & Timo 2007). ‘Guanxi’ is a special relationship between two individuals due to the existence of particularistic ties who are obliged to maintain a long-term relationship with mutual commitment and loyalty (Chen & Chen 2004). Overseas Chinese management is practiced by ethnic Chinese nationals in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and other Asian countries who run their own businesses. According to Petzall, Abbott and Timo (2007), these traditional Chinese family firms are usually small-scaled businesses that employ no more than 200 people. Being small-scaled, there is little need for labour specialization and a high degree of structure and formality within the organization. Thus, there are few rules and standard procedures and low files and records in such small family businesses. Although there is no clear hierarchy of authority, the assumed important positions like owners, executives and managerial roles are held by family members and by others who have that special ‘guanxi’. Decision-making is highly centralized in these Chinese family firms...
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...Abang Abdul Rasyid Bin Abang Yusop DPA 15040001 International Relations and Security (KLE 0007) The Malaysia-Singapore Interconnectivity Issue Malaysia Singapore only has one bridge connecting it together since 1998. The first connection was a causeway which was opened in 1923 during the imperial British era. The Johor-Singapore causeway has been the main portal for entering and exiting Singapore for Malaysian ever since. During Tun Dr Mahathir’s administration, there was a plan to demolish the causeway to enable passing of small ships at the straits of Johor which is also known as Selat Tebrau by locals. Due to legal issues and future possible implications, the project has been scrapped under his successor, Tun Abdullah Badawi. Meanwhile...
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...Sumatra in the early 15th century. • Parameswara fled Palembang when it was attacked by the Majapahit army from Java and went to Temasik (Singapore) and killed its ruler, Temagi, who represented Ayhuthia (siam). Five years later, Ayuthia attacked Temasik and he fled and settled at a place which was later called Melaka (Malacca). • General features :- a. centre for trade b. centre of Islam c. big empire d. political relation with China Similarities with present Malaysia 1. Islam as the official religion 2. Government system :- a. Sultan – head of state, Islam and army b. Ministers / Officers : o Bendahara (Prime Minister) o Temenggung (Chief of Security / Police) o Penghulu Bendahari (Finance) o Laksamana (Navy) o Syahbandar (Trade and Port) 1. Law :- a. Undang-undang Melaka / Hukum Kanun Melaka (based on Islamic law) b. Undang-undang Laut Melaka (Marine Law) Factors that helped Malacca to prosper 1. Geographic :- a. Location – between India and China trade route b. sheltered from the South West and North East monsoon c. deep natural port d. people living by the seaside (orang laut) – help to defend from attacks 1. Economic :- a. concentration on trade – centre for trade in the Malay Archipelago b. centre of entreport trade – international level 1. Political & Administration :- a. relation with China (superpower) o protection from Siam o foster trade a. efficient administration o maintain peace o port & trade officer...
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...International Business Ethics Christy Camen BUSN310-1103B-01 IP 5 American InterContinental University International Business Ethics The first country that I chose was Malaysia. The countries environmental regulation level is balanced as of right now. The policies are being continued in the five-yearly National Development Plans (Maidin, 2005). It takes a lot for a country to develop policies and legislative measures for regulating the environment. In Malaysia they have set goals that will balance socio-economic development and maintain sound environmental conditions (Maidin, 2005). I think that the country’s environmental regulation is sufficient. If you think about it every country has room for improvement on the level of environmental regulation. Malaysia has come a long way from where they were a few years ago. They have gotten better at conserving energy and preserving their land. There have been three major legislative acts that have been passed regarding the working hours and wages in Malaysia. The acts are the Employment Act of 1955; Trade Unions Act of 1959, and the Industrial Relations Act of 1967 (Murray, n.d.). In Malaysia their work hours must not exceed eight hours a day, or 48 hours a week (Murray, n.d.). They get paid overtime which is 1.5 times the regular hourly wage for a normal working day, twice the normal wage on rest days and three times the regular hourly wage on public holidays (Murray, n.d.). Their working hours and wages are almost...
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...DEFINE THE CONCEPT OF CIVIL MILITARY RELATIONS. COMPARE CIVIL MILITARY RELATIONS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND ANOTHER STATES Introduction Civil Military Relations (CMR) describes the military and its relationship with the political system and society which it part is of.[1] Other scholar such as Huntington in his book Soldier and States dictate CMR as military security policy which together with internal and situational security policies is an aspect of national security policy, working at both the operational and institutional levels. In the laymen word, it describes the relationship between the civil authority of a given society and its military authority. Studies of CMR often rest on a normative assumption that civilian control of the military or military control of the state.[2] Civilian government control of the military basically happen in the countries that have developed political culture. Meanwhile, military will use is power to control the government and the state when society’s respect for civilian government are low. In other situation is when high level of external threat creates a massive destruction to the state or people, military will intervention is more likely. This essay will compare the CMR between Malaysia and Myanmar in order to differentiate and give clear understanding between civilian controls the military or military control the civilian. Civil – Military Relations in Malaysia Since independence, the Malaysian elites...
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...The Multi-‐ethnic and multi-‐cultural society of Malaysia Maryam Azizullah | 3010210 Excursion to Kuala Lumpur SS 2014 H C U H a m b u r g D r . – I n g . M i c h a e l B o s e Multi-‐ethnic and multi-‐cultural society of Malaysia Maryam Azizullah – Excursion Kuala Lumpur 2014 Multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society of Malaysia Malaysia is known as an Asian Tiger State due to its quick dynamic development and its economic growth after independence, but is characterized by the colonial history and old structures. It is also known for its multi- ethnic and multi-cultural society. Its diversity of races, religions and cultures characterizes the country and influences the everyday lives of the population. The Essay will briefly describe the range of ethnic groups, the related challenges of the past and current issues with a closer look at the new concept of the Government named ‘1Malaysia’. 1. Ethnic groups and religions The Malay population consists of two main ethnic groups, the ‘Bumiputeras’ and the ‘non-Bumiputeras”. The ‘Bumiputeras’ are Malays and other indigenous groups, as for example the ‘Orang Asli’ and constitute the majority with 60.5 % of the population. The second major group consist of Chinese (26 %) and Indian (8%) people, most of whom migrated...
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...Political Challenges, Inter-State Conflicts and Regional Security Southeast Asia has been one of the most vibrant regions in recent years. This resilient and dynamic region is one of the major hubs at the heart of Asia and is likely to play a significant role in the rising Asia. It can help shape and evolve the larger regional architecture in the Asia-Pacific region. Inside Southeast Asia, the internal political and social systems and the interaction between the two have created an interesting mix of hope, challenges and threats at the national, bilateral and regional levels. Besides, with the ongoing economic integration and political and security cooperation with regional powers, the regional organization-ASEAN seeks to balance these relations with the proliferation of new powers. The Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies (IPCS), as an independent research institute and a leading think-tank, explores what is happening in Southeast Asia today. The Southeast Asia Research Programme (SEARP) at the Institute monitors these internal issues in the region on a regular basis and further intends to convert the process into a annual meet to understand the dynamics of the current issues, challenges and problems in Southeast Asia. Three themes have been identified in the region which need immediate attention– Internal political challenges, inter-state conflicts and ASEAN and regional security. Theme-I Internal Political Challenges The primary security concerns confronting Southeast Asia...
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...BRANDTHINK MALAYSIA INTRODUCTION The Malaysian advertising landscape is gradually shifting its traditional media forms to the emergent new media advertising but still at a nascent stage. The latter shows much room for growth, as the industry fuels to content digitisation on web applications. This has shown when RM14.9 million worth of advertisements was spent on the Internet medium in the first half of 2008. Propelling further to this, the TV medium is creating new media technologies to include ads on applications of mobile video streaming and broadcast mobile TV services. However, this might dampen if Malaysia’s broadband penetration and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) literacy does not improve. With Government’s various initiatives to push the take-up of broadband, perhaps the advertising market could initiate more eyeballs. I- AGENCY NAME BRANDTHINK is one of Malaysia’s fastest growing marketing services agency. They have established themselves as a growing agency providing not only advertising services, but PR, events, activation and digital. Since 2000, they’ve work with major clients in luxury, fashion, lifestyle and technology to launch iconic brands and products in Malaysia, Singapore and other countries in Asia Pacific, generating millions of advertising awareness, brand value and publicity. Their work seals their reputation as the go-to agency for marketing to the affluent. In 2012, we are voted PR Agency of the Year (Bronze and Local Hero)...
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