...During the 20th century, many infants and adult died in North America every day due to malnutrition and overall poor health (Bradburn, Jamie). Mothers would provide their children with biscuits, however their kids couldn’t generally eat them and they even lacked vitamins and minerals that were required to keep children strong and disease-free. This shortage of nutrients resulted in illnesses such as rickets, beriberi, pellagra, and scurvy (Bradburn, Jamie). This increasingly serious problem caught the attention of many nutritional scientists who went to work and spent a great amount of time investigating and experimenting different ways to help improve the babies’ nutrition, and keep them alive. The much-awaited solution to this horrific problem was coming to be as during the 1930s, three doctors, Dr. Frederick Tisdall, Dr. Alan Brown, and Dr. Theodore Drake (Adams, Sharon), that worked in Toronto at the Hospital for Sick Children, went to work to put an end to child malnutrition. At first, the group generated biscuits constructed from whole wheat flour, milk, and iron. Animals, family members, and hospital patients were all experimented on while a recipe was being constituted that didn’t result in constipation or diarrhea....
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...affected by malnutrition in America. Malnutrition results from a diet which is lacking in nutrients and it affects children most because they are in great need of the right amount of nutrients in their growing years. Malnutrition is also associated with rich diet lacking in nutrients which is the case with many of the developed countries of the world. It is important to maintain health standards in world’s one of the most developed country like America. Malnutrition can result into a number of nutrition disorders which include abundance or deficiency of important nutrients required from food (Water H. R., Penny M. E., R. C., Narro R., Willis J., Caulfield L. E., & Black, 2008). The increased uptake of unhealthy food products is also one of the main reasons of malnutrition. Children aged less than 18 are the main victims of the food irregularities. The data collected in this paper includes the communities of America and according to statistics there are around 16 million children in America who live in food insecurity in recent times. The problem is rarely a concern for adults because they are more aware of their nutrition choices and adult body is developed and not requires a continued supply of nutrients which is the case with children. Children under the age of 5 years are at the greatest risk of developing malnutrition. There are food secure and food insecure states defined based on the findings of the Community health services for children suffering from malnutrition (Schaible...
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...Green ANT 450 Professor Legg Malnutrition in Guatemala Guatemala is a Country in Central America right underneath Mexico. Its true name is the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala consists of many indigenous Mayan people. It has a very heavy Spanish influence. Mayans are called the indigenous people as opposed to the westernized Ladino’s that have European blood in them and usually live in a more urbanized areas. More than half the Guatemalan nation is composed of indigenous Mayan Indians. The national language is Spanish. The five main Mayan languages are Quichí, Mam, Qanjobal, Chol, and Yucateca (Nacie L., 2011). In addition to these five main languages there are 21 dialects that branch off of these There are many factors that contribute to the extremely high rates of malnutrition in the country of Guatemala. Poverty, socioeconomic status, and education level all play a part. The disadvantaged Guatemalan is considered indigenous. Much racism goes on between indigenous and non-indigenous “Ladino’s.” Ladinos mainly rule the country (BBC, 2012). The amount of education is directly correlated with the amount of money made. The per capita GDP of Guatemala is $3,177 ranked 16 out of 19 in all of the Latin American Countries (Edwards, 2002). Guatemala has an approximate population of 14,027, 000. The life expectancy for men is 66 years old and for women 77 years old. Guatemala has the largest economy in Central America but it also has the lowest growth rates of human development...
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...Malnutrition among the Elderly Nursing 408 Malnutrition among the Elderly Introduction According to research published in the May issue of the Annals of Epidemiology, in a nation where people die from complications of too much food, some die from having too little (Lee & Berthelot, 2010). Although malnutrition is often thought of as a killer in the developing world, it's also a problem for the elderly in the United States. In this paper, I will discuss multiple concepts related to malnutrition among the elderly, and how this topic relates to epidemiology. First, I will define and describe malnutrition among the elderly. Second, I will explore the steps and methods of epidemiology related to my chosen topic of malnutrition among the elderly. Third, I will converse about the epidemiological triangle, and the type of epidemiology used for my chosen topic. Fourth, I will discuss how the characteristics of the elderly population influence vulnerability. Fifth, I will define how cultural considerations may impact health status, and any ethical or legal considerations. Last, I will explain the relationship of the malnutrition to various levels of prevention. Researchers from Louisiana State University examined data from 3,141 counties and older adult malnutrition mortality using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. According to CDC data, between 2,000 and 3,000 older adults die from malnutrition each year (Lee & Berthelot, 2010). Trevor Rowe once said, “Unless...
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...•the want or scarcity of food in a country •a strong desire or craving World hunger refers to the second definition, aggregated to the world level. The related technical term (in this case operationalized in medicine) is either malnutrition, or, if malnutrition is taken to refer to both undernutrition and overnutrition, undernutrition. Both malnutrition and undernutrition refer to not having enough food. Malnutrition (or undernutrition) is a general term that indicates a lack of some or all nutritional elements necessary for human health (Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia). There are two basic types of malnutrition. The first and most important is protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). It is basically a lack of calories and protein. Food is converted into energy by humans, and the energy contained in food is measured by calories. Protein is necessary for key body functions including provision of essential amino acids and development and maintenance of muscles. This is the most lethal form of malnutrition/hunger and is the type of malnutrition that is referred to when world hunger is discussed. The second type of malnutrition, also very important, is micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiency. This is not the type of malnutrition that is referred to when world hunger is discussed, though it is certainly very important. Take a two-question hunger quiz on this section Number of hungry people in the world The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization...
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...World Hunger and Malnutrition According to the United Nations World Food Programme, there are 925 million chronically hungry people in the world. That means one in seven people in the world do not get enough food to maintain a healthy body and lead active lifestyles, making hunger and malnutrition the number one risk to health world wide. Natural disasters, conflict, poverty, poor agricultural infrastructure and over-exploitation of the environment remain the key causes of hunger, and the recent economic slowdown in many countries have pushed more people into hunger (WFP). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) states that more than 90% of the 925 million chronically hungry people in the world are in developing countries, there are 642 million in Asia and the Pacific, 265 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 53 million in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 42 million in the Near East and North Africa. People who are chronically malnourished lack the nutrients needed for proper health and development. There are several forms of malnutrition; protein-energy malnutrition is a potentially fatal body depletion disorder where a person’s consumption of protein and energy is insufficient to maintain the body’s nutritional needs. Marasmus is caused by an energy deficiency that stunts growth, waste muscle, fat and tissues making the body appear extremely thin. Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency making the arms, legs and stomach swell. Other forms of malnutrition are less visible...
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...departments). How can health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address global health concerns? Malnutrition is a problem that is estimated to contribute to more than one third of death among children (WHO, 2014). Under nutrition is a form of malnutrition; it occurs when nutritional reserves are exhausted or nutritional intake is insufficient to satisfy daily needs or increased metabolic demands (Jarvis, 2013, p. 175). Prolonged periods in this state can lead to stunted growth which is associated with lower intelligence quotient and difficulty learning among children (Maurer and Smith, 2013). Malnutrition increases the risk of disease and early death. Children who are undernourished are also at risk for lower resistance to infectious diseases, delayed wound healing, longer hospital stays and higher healthcare costs (Jarvis, 2013, p. 175). Political problems, wars, population increases, poverty and natural disasters contribute to the problem of malnutrition. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (as cited in the World Health Organization, [WHO], 2014), 792 million people worldwide are affected by long term food deficits including 20% of the population in developing countries. Malnutrition is especially common among poor populations. More than 70% of children with protein energy malnutrition live in Asia, 25% live in Africa and 4 % live in Latin America and the Caribbean (WHO, as cited in WHO 2014). The health status of populations is largely influenced by...
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...The Relationship of Women's Education to Malnutrition in Children Global hunger affects nearly a billion people, which is an overwhelming number. It afflicts 55 million children worldwide, 19 million of whom face outright starvation, and results in some 3.5 million deaths each year. This loss of life is all the more tragic because acute malnutrition is predictable, treatable, and cost-effective to treat. As we all know, malnutrition is of growing concern within our world. Just because developing nations go from low income to developed higher income countries does not mean that they will get over the malnutrition pandemic. Instead they will have to learn to face new malnutrition diseases as they industrialize. In the United States we never see any children starving to death, however in other parts of the world the situation is a lot different. Countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Middle East are the most affected. On a world map, areas prone to deadly outbreaks of malnutrition often overlap areas of war and conflict, but nutritional emergencies are just as likely to occur as seasonal phenomenon in more stable regions. Agricultural communities, for example, are routinely exposed to seasonal hunger during the annual hunger gap, the predictable period when a family’s food stocks run out before new harvests are available, a seasonal predicament that results in life-threatening malnutrition among young children across the globe. Hunger, or under-nutrition, results from...
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...Tragedies that happen in America are influential on the rest of the world. The shockwaves of the Great Depression were not only felt in America, but all across the world. Without the Great Depression, many nations would not have learned what not to do during a time of crisis. The most influential aspects of the Great Recession are unemployment, drought and mass migration. The actions that occurred during the Dust Bowl and the Great Recession are still seen influencing America. The vast amount of unemployment that occurred during the 1930’s was one of the most significant ways the Great Depression influenced America. As the amount of manufactured goods began to go down after the recession, so did the number of jobs, “the response was to lay off workers, [cut paychecks and] reduce production.” (Text...
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...will die from illness and starvation. Those 100 million deaths could be prevented for the price of ten Stealth bombers, or what the world spends on its military in two days! • The World Health Organization estimates that one-third of the world is well-fed, one-third is under-fed one-third is starving- Since you've entered this site at least 200 people have died of starvation. Over 4 million will die this year. • One in twelve people worldwide is malnourished, including 160 million children under the age of 5. United Nations Food and Agriculture • The Indian subcontinent has nearly half the world's hungry people. Africa and the rest of Asia together have approximately 40%, and the remaining hungry people are found in Latin America and other parts of the world. Hunger in Global Economy • Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion - a majority of humanity - live on less than $1 per day, while the world's 358 billionaires have assets exceeding the combined annual incomes of countries with 45 percent of the world's people. UNICEF • 3 billion people in the world today struggle to survive on US$2/day. • In 1994 the Urban Institute in Washington DC estimated that one out of 6 elderly people in the U.S. has an inadequate diet. • In the U.S. hunger and race are related. In 1991 46% of African-American children were chronically hungry, and 40% of Latino children were chronically hungry compared to 16% of...
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...Food Day World Food Day Theme: “Social Protection and Agriculture: breaking the cycle of rural poverty” Theme: “Social Protection and Agriculture: breaking the cycle of rural poverty” Street Address Address 2 City, ST ZIP Code Phone: 555.555.0125 Fax: 555.555.0145 E-mail address Street Address Address 2 City, ST ZIP Code Phone: 555.555.0125 Fax: 555.555.0145 E-mail address Caption describing picture or graphic. Caption describing picture or graphic. Why care about Hunger? Because the right to food is a basic human right. In a world of plenty, 805 million people, one in nine worldwide, live with chronic hunger. The costs of hunger and malnutrition fall heavily on the most vulnerable. 60% of the hungry in the world are women. Almost 5 million children under the age of 5 die of malnutrition-related causes every year 4 in 10 children in poor countries are malnourished damaging their bodies and brains Every human being has a fundamental right to be free from hunger and the right to adequate food. The right to adequate food is realized when every man, woman and child has the physical and economic access at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement. Because we can end hunger in our lifetime. It’s possible. The world produces enough food to feed every person on the planet. Because the cost of neglect is too high. No one in the world should have to experience hunger. In addition to the cost of human suffering, the world as a whole loses...
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...Health Care Bolivia has one of the highest infant deaths in South America. Approximately sixty-eight and seventy-five per one thousand live births. The biggest causes of infant and child deaths are due to respiratory infections, diarrhea, and malnutrition. Thirty percent of children under the age of three suffer chronic malnutrition. Furthermore, "among Bolivian women of child-bearing age, about 12 percent are so short (less than 145 cm) that they are at risk of having an underweight baby; and 27 percent of women of child-bearing age are so anemic that they will probably pass iron deficiency to the unborn child…lack of sanitation and inappropriate feeding of children under two are the principal causes of malnutrition in Bolivia" (World Bank,...
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...Health Inquiry, Global Health Inequities Introduction: The Millennium Development Goals (or MDG) are a set of 8 goals set by the world’s nations in hope of reducing poverty by 2015. These 8 goals address poverty, education, equality, disease and the environment. Each goal has a targets and indicators we are aiming to achieve by 2015. The purpose of this report is to report on the history, objectives and constitution of the MDG’s and the success and effectiveness of the MDGs. History of MDGs: In the 1990’s the United Nation (UN) member states went through a historically extraordinary UN press conference process. This conference was aimed at building consensus on development priorities for the 21st century. However, at the end of the 1990’s the governments of the conference experienced conference fatigue and feared the process launched by the conferences was losing steam. In September 2000 in New York there was a large gathering of world leaders called the Millennium Summit. This was the largest gathering of world leaders in history including 189 UN member-states. At the Millennium Summit the United Nation Millennium Declaration was adopted as a result of a series of global conferences held during the 1990’s. The UN saw the Millennium Summit as an opportunity to bring back the development of priorities for the 21st century. It was at this Millennium Summit that the Millennium Declaration set in motion a global partnership and was signed by 147 heads of states....
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...UN declared that the population of the world had reached 6 billion people, compared to only 2 billion people in 1925. Most of this increase has occurred in the developing world, with less developed regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean taking up 99% of the world’s population increase, which are about 83 million people. Theories on this included Malthus, who argued that ‘populations increase in size at a much faster rate than the ability of those same populations to feed themselves’, he concludes with, that theses limits on food supply would lead to ‘natural checks’ on population such as famine and malnutrition, and maybe the possibility of the out break of war, because countries would fight over what little food there is left. Such checks limit population because there is an increased death rate. He also argued that we should attempt to avoid overpopulation, by delaying marriage and abstaining from sex. A biologist, who’s ideas where adopted from Malthus, Paul Ehrlich argues that the high birth rate in developing countries has led to a ‘population explosion’ that has put to much strain on their limited resources of food and energy. His theory is that this is responsible for problems in the developing world such as famine, malnutrition, poverty, war desertification, deforestation and increasing environmental pollution. He concludes that ‘the birth rate must be...
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...Poverty Amidst Plenty “India happens to be a rich country inhabited by very poor people”- Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister For the past few decades, India has been categorized as a developing country. In spite of significant landmarks and rapid advancements in various sectors, India has failed to become a developed country. While the nation has been making headlines for economic boom, multitudes of billionaires, construction of skyscrapers, million dollar investments and achievements in technology; the death rates, malnutrition, illiteracy and poverty is multiplying manifold. India is a country which has prosperity on one side of the coin and poverty on the other. It is the stark impact of poverty that hinders the growth of the country. Gone are the days when India used to be a famine land and had to rely on the Americas for the supply of PL wheat. With the advent of the Green revolution, India, not only eliminated famine but also increased its food production and became self-sufficient in food grains. Operation Flood, initiated by National Dairy Development Board in 1970 introduced a National Milk Grid that was effective in reducing the poverty and famine levels. It has also made India the largest producer of milk and dairy products in the world. Agriculture has been the base of India’s economic development with its existence dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization. Today, India is one of the major agricultural economies in the world, in terms of area of cultivation...
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