...Management being characterized as an Art, as a Science or both can be debatable. In order to investigate the nature of management, it would be useful firstly to define it. According to Drucker, “Management is about human beings. Its task is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant. This is what organization is all about, and this is the reason why management is the critical determining factor”. Nowadays, practically everyone works for a managed institution, large or not, for profit or not. Our living actually depends on Management. The ability we have to contribute to society, depends firstly on the way the institute we work for, is managed and furthermore on our own abilities, devotion and effort. For years now, there has been a great debate on whether management can be characterized as a science or as an art. Some of the most important authors that tried to examine if management is an art or a science are Lester et al. (1998), Watkins (1993), Bohn(1994), Calkins(1959), Schiemann and Lingle(1997), and Weick(1996). Examining the evolution of managerial discourse since 1870 would aid with the discussion on Management being an art, a science or both. According to Barley and Kunda (1992) even though serious theoretical and political differences existed, scholars have merged on a common theory of how American managerial notion has evolved. During the first stage, which terminated in the late 1800s...
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...Introduction There is an old controversy going on which is “Is management an art or a science?”. Management is everywhere. It can be found in offices , schools, banks, Hospitals etc. Whether it be a profit or non-profit organization, it is required for the smooth transition of the business. There is no agreed definition for the term management but according to Harold Koontz, Management is defined as “the art of getting things done through others and with formally organized groups” (Koontz, 1954)..To be effective in management, A manager should have should have undergone necessary training and Should possess some individual skills. This essay seeks to explore the question ‘Is management an art or a science? This essay will analyze whether management from the perspective of an art and a science. .Management as an art Ayn Rand (1905-1982) defines art as “a selective re-creation of reality according to an artist’s metaphysical value-judgments. If those who believe that management were an art, they are those people who believe that there is no specific way to learn management and it just takes two things i.e. personality and ability to learn and understand management. Additionaly these people would also believe that people can’t be taught to be effective managers, throughout the years they become better through experience and training. But For Schein, (2001) People’s attention towards the environment becomes more clear ,provoke them to question long-held beliefs, encourage developing...
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...ESSAY title: “What is Management: is it an Art or a Science?” Number of words: 1860 What is Management? Is it an Art or a Science? The objective of this essay is to settle the old argument that whether management is an art or a science. It aims to give a deeper and brief view about the topic of ‘Management’ and the point to which management fulfills the criteria for being a science as well as an art have been outlined. Management characteristics have been stated and discussed in relation to the characteristics of science as well as art by use of classical theories and principles which were derived by experts who are related with the study of management. It is difficult to define the word management since neither accurate nor approved definition is found yet. However, it has a traditional definition which states that management is “the art of getting things done through people” (Mary Parker Follet, 1868-1933). Still, this definition does not perfectly describe management therefore the meaning cannot be relied on; this is because the definition views the term management as an “art” while management may be both either a science or an art. Secondly, the definition does not consider the functions of management which were introduced in a new definition by Henry Fayol defining management as “to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, and to coordinate and control”(Fayol, 1916). Every firm exists with some objectives or goals; in order to achieve these objectives...
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...The concept of management is universal and very old. That is why different views have been expressed about its nature by different writers from time to time. The continuous and rapid development of management principles and practices in organization has changed the nature of management. The main points of view about the nature of management are given below: Management as an Inborn or Acquired Ability In the pre-scientific management period, i.e., prior to 1880 there has been a leading concept that management is an inborn ability. It is a traditional approach. The supporters of this concept believe that the hereditary characteristics, inborn talents and natural aptitudes of a man make him an efficient manager. Some people are so efficient and talented since their birth that they lead and get success in the field of business. To our mind, this concept was used when the ownership and management were not separated. But later on the researches and development in the field of science, technology and training etc. changed this old concept. Today management is considered not only as an inborn ability but also as an acquired ability. In the words of Ordway Tead, "Managers are both born and made." Today, in large-sized business organizations, ownership and management are separate identities. The management lies in the hands of professional managers who are educated and trained. Thus, now the management can be considered as an acquired ability. Management as an Art, Science or Both A lot...
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...concept of management is universal and very old. That is why different views have been expressed about its nature by different writers from time to time. The continuous and rapid development of management principles and practices in organization has changed the nature of management. The main points of view about the nature of management are given below: Management as an Inborn or Acquired Ability In the pre-scientific management period, i.e., prior to 1880 there has been a leading concept that management is an inborn ability. It is a traditional approach. The supporters of this concept believe that the hereditary characteristics, inborn talents and natural aptitudes of a man make him an efficient manager. Some people are so efficient and talented since their birth that they lead and get success in the field of business. To our mind, this concept was used when the ownership and management were not separated. But later on the researches and development in the field of science, technology and training etc. changed this old concept. Today management is considered not only as an inborn ability but also as an acquired ability. In the words of Ordway Tead, "Managers are both born and made." Today, in large-sized business organizations, ownership and management are separate identities. The management lies in the hands of professional managers who are educated and trained. Thus, now the management can be considered as an acquired ability. Management as an Art, Science or Both ...
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... | | | Management takes a dual process of both art and science, when PLANNING, he/she need some statistical data to enhance him/her project in to the future, procuring data has to do with science. When COORDINATING his/her work force (employees) , he/she needs that human relation skills, to be able to achieve the planned goals and objectives, and this has to do with art. Conducting a feasibility study or market research need science technique and the ability to implement and sustained this result, the management needs art techniques. | Rate this: +0 -0 | Nagaraju said: (Sat, Nov 22, 2014 10:55:57 PM) | | | | I think management has elements of both art and science. It may not be proper to term it as pure science or pure art. In fact, it is a science as well as an art because science and art are both complementary to each other. As cossa has said, "science requires art, art requires science, each being complementary to each other". It may be concluded that there is no hard and fast line between art and science of management. The former(science) will have to solve problems and establish principles which might be applied with benefit to the latter(art). The present ratio is about 90% art and 10% science. Though a very great deal of developments are presently increasing that proportion which can properly be called science. I am willing to venture a guess that by the end of another generation the ratio will be 80% art and perhaps 20% science. ". | Rate this:...
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...THE KENYA UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES CENTRAL PLACEMENT SERVICE University of Nairobi, Kenya Science campus Telephone : 0723954927, 0734879662 Email : kuccps@uonbi.ac.ke Website : http://kuccps.uonbi.ac.ke P.O. Box 105166 – 00101 Nairobi KENYA UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES CENTRAL PLACEMENT SERVICE (KUCCPS) PROCEDURE FOR ONLINE APPLICATION FOR PLACEMENT TO UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES 2013 KCSE EXAMINATION CANDIDATES 1 INTRODUCTION The Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (Placement Service) was established as a Body Corporate under Section 55 of the Universities Act No. 42 of 2012 with its functions being to, among others co-ordinate the Placement of Government Sponsored Students to Universities and Colleges. A placement Policy and procedure for placement was subsequently developed and approved by the Board of the Placement Service. Based on the total declared capacity for programmes under Government sponsorship, and the performance analysis of the 2013 K.C.S.E Examination results, the Placement Service has set the cut off point for admission to bachelors degree programme at B of 60 points for male candidates and B- of 58 points for female candidates. In addition, all Candidates with a minimum overall grade of C- are eligible to apply for diploma programmes. The Placement Service therefore wishes to inform the 2013 K.C.S.E Examination Candidates that the online application system will open for application on Monday, May 19, 2014 at 0000 hrs and will close on...
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...education, biology, hotel and restaurant management, nursing, and criminology and criminal justice California State University Northridge Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Social Sciences, Psychology, Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, and Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities Humboldt State University Natural Resources and Conservation, Visual and Performing Arts, Social Sciences, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, and Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities Los Angeles Film School Film Colorado Mesa University Business/Commerce, Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse, Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Psychology, and Biology/Biological Sciences Rocky Mountain College of Art & Design Art & Design University of Northern Colorado Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Social Sciences, and Communication and Media Studies Western State Colorado University Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Parks, Recreation, Leisure, and Fitness Studies, Social Sciences, Psychology, and Visual and Performing Arts Colorado State University Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, and Social Sciences Quinnipiac University Health Professions...
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...Top of Form Bottom of Form Homework Help "Management is both an art and a science." Please explain this quote. Topic: Business deepak85 | Student, Undergraduate | eNotes Newbie Posted September 21, 2008 at 4:09 AM via web dislike2like "Management is both an art and a science." Please explain this quote. ------------------------------------------------- 10 Answers | Add Yours gbeatty | College Teacher | (Level 1) Educator Emeritus Posted September 21, 2008 at 10:13 AM (Answer #2) dislike1like The idea that management is both art and science is a truism and a kind of short hand. That is to say, a lot of people say it, and it is commonly held to be true, and it serves as a way of indicating a rather complex reality involving management. A science has known laws. It works with facts and reason and produces—when it gets to application via technology—dependable results. By contrast, art is highly personal and subjective. It works with emotions and the interplay between individuals and communities. Managers must do both: produce reliable results and deal with emotional humans. sruthi19 | Student, Undergraduate | eNotes Newbie Posted July 29, 2011 at 9:05 PM (Answer #6) dislike1like since art is concerned with personal application of knowledge some kind of ingenuity and creativity is required to practise the basic principles. it is said to be art because: 1) A successful manager practise the art of management in the day-to-day job of managing an enterprise...
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...restaurant management, nursing, and criminology and criminal justice | California State University Northridge | Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Social Sciences, Psychology, Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, and Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities | Humboldt State University | Natural Resources and Conservation, Visual and Performing Arts, Social Sciences, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, and Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities | Los Angeles Film School | Film | Colorado Mesa University | Business/Commerce, Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse, Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Psychology, and Biology/Biological Sciences | Rocky Mountain College of Art & Design | Art & Design | University of Northern Colorado | Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Social Sciences, and Communication and Media Studies | Western State Colorado University | Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Parks, Recreation, Leisure, and Fitness Studies, Social Sciences, Psychology, and Visual and Performing Arts | Colorado State University | Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, and Social Sciences | Quinnipiac...
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...anagement Is Both an Art and a Science Management is both Art and Science. It is the art of making people more effective than they would Have been without you. The science is in how you do that Management can be said to be the process of working with people and the resources to accomplish organizational goals (Bateman Snell (1999) management building competitive advantage 4th ed.). It could also be said to be the organization as well as the coordination of an organization as it relates to already set out policies and the achievement of certain objectives. Management is both art and science it is the art of making people more effective than they would have been without you. The science is in how you do that, the science of it lies in a manager’s ability to apply the four basic functions of management as he carries out all his/her duties, namely: Planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The most basic of all these functions is the planning aspect, planning is the foundation of any organization, these are the policies that are set in place whether it has to do with long term goals , objectives, profits. These strategies are set in place and used to achieve companies’ goals. Organizing is assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, information and other resources (Bateman Snell (1999) management building competitive advantage 4th ed.). This involves grouping all the resources together and getting them working in order to...
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...Matches ... Office and Administrative Support Explore Jobs Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants Municipal Clerks Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers Loan Interviewers and Clerks Freight Forwarders Proofreaders and Copy Markers Brokerage Clerks Legal Secretaries Credit Authorizers Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Patient Representatives Statistical Assistants File Clerks Procurement Clerks Computer Operators Bioinformatics Technicians Explore Degree Options Associate of Arts with a concentration in Foundations of Business Bachelor of Science in Business with a Concentration in E-Business Associate of Arts with a concentration in Accounting Page 1 866.766.0766 | phoenix.edu Desktop Publishers Business and Financial Operations Explore Jobs Loan Officers Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers Personal Financial Advisors Credit Analysts Insurance Underwriters Loan Counselors Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents...
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...and Social Service Specialists Explore Jobs Probation Officer Medical / Clinical Social Worker Academic / Guidance Counselor Career Counselor Vocational Rehabilitation Counselor Family / School Social Worker Health Educator Social / Human Service Assistant Mental Health / Behavioral Counselor Family / Behavioral Therapist Substance Abuse Counselor Explore Degree Options Bachelor Of Science In Psychology Master Of Science In Psychology Bachelor Of Science In Human Services/Management Bachelor Of Science In Human Services Master Of Science In Counseling/School Counseling Bachelor Of Science In Business With A Concentration In Human Resource Management Human Resource Management Certificate Graduate Human Resources Management Certificate Master Of Business Administration With A Concentration In Human Resource Management Licensed Practical Nurse/Licensed Vocational Nurse To Bachelor Of Science In Nursing Master Of Science In Nursing/Nurse Education Master Of Health Administration/Education Master Of Science In Nursing/Master Of Business Administration/Health Care Management Master Of Science In Nursing Graduate...
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...Q. Is management an art, or a science or both? Can managers be developed? What are some of the characteristics of successful managers? In order to be able discuss whether management is an art or a science we need to define what ‘management’, ‘art’ and ‘science’ are. Management is a set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organization's resources (human, financial, physical, and information) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. In general an art defines as "skill in conducting any human activity" and science as "any skill or technique that reflects a precise application of facts or a principle.” (studymode.com, 2011). There are lots of views rising whether management is an art or a science or both. It can say that it is the oldest of arts and youngest of science. To support this argument we need to understand these two aspects of management. Management as an Art: Art refers to the way of doing specific things; it indicates how an object can be achieved. In the words of George R. Terry, "Art is bringing about of a desired result through the application of skill." In this sense, management is certainly an art as a manager uses his skill, knowledge and experience in solving various problems; both complicated and non-complicated that arises in the working of his enterprise successful. Management as a Science: Science may be described as a systematized body...
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...who sells goods to consumers. C. Service Enterprises Service enterprises include many kinds of businesses. Examples include dry cleaners, shoe repair stores, restaurants, hospitals, and hotels. 1.3. BUSINESS OPERATION or BUSINESS FUNCTION. A variety of operations keep businesses, especially large corporations, running efficiently and effectively. Common business operation divisions include (1) Production, (2) marketing , (3) finance, and (4) human resource management Management is an Art: This is due to the following reasons: 1. Manager applies knowledge and skills to coordinate the efforts of people 2. Management seeks to achieve concrete practical results—profits, growth, social service, etc… 3. It is creative…converts input into output utilize new situations. 4. Personalized process… Individual managers adopt their own approach to manage. 5. Continuous practice refines managerial art...lead to organization goal achievement. Management is a Science: This is due to the following reasons: 1. Management is a systematized body...
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