...Management being characterized as an Art, as a Science or both can be debatable. In order to investigate the nature of management, it would be useful firstly to define it. According to Drucker, “Management is about human beings. Its task is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant. This is what organization is all about, and this is the reason why management is the critical determining factor”. Nowadays, practically everyone works for a managed institution, large or not, for profit or not. Our living actually depends on Management. The ability we have to contribute to society, depends firstly on the way the institute we work for, is managed and furthermore on our own abilities, devotion and effort. For years now, there has been a great debate on whether management can be characterized as a science or as an art. Some of the most important authors that tried to examine if management is an art or a science are Lester et al. (1998), Watkins (1993), Bohn(1994), Calkins(1959), Schiemann and Lingle(1997), and Weick(1996). Examining the evolution of managerial discourse since 1870 would aid with the discussion on Management being an art, a science or both. According to Barley and Kunda (1992) even though serious theoretical and political differences existed, scholars have merged on a common theory of how American managerial notion has evolved. During the first stage, which terminated in the late 1800s...
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...Chapter 1 Management and the Arts Jacob Ongsiaco Arts and Entertainment Management MGT 235- CRN 22019 Management and the Arts The first chapter of Management and the Arts introduces the Arts and Entertainment industry and how to create art to connect to the community successfully. The chapter also gives and introduction to the different classification systems that are used to organize business concepts in the creative industry. Students enrolled in the Arts and Entertainment course can relate to this summary because of the mutual interest of the specific Management industry of Arts and Entertainment. It is very important to learn and retain a basic overview of the field of study students enter before going into specific details. William J Byrnes’ makes his primary point very clear of how important the introduction is of concepts work together to create what the Arts and Entertainment industry entails, and the process of management and skills required to be a successful arts manager is for a successful career. This paper will elaborate on opportunities for arts managers, the management process, and the levels and types of managers Byrnes’ discusses in his introductory chapter. Opportunities for Arts Managers In the world of Arts and Entertainment management, business is so big and demanding. There is opportunity in every type of job level. Hard-working and effective leaders and managers with the required skills are needed in thousands of arts organizations...
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...Introduction There is an old controversy going on which is “Is management an art or a science?”. Management is everywhere. It can be found in offices , schools, banks, Hospitals etc. Whether it be a profit or non-profit organization, it is required for the smooth transition of the business. There is no agreed definition for the term management but according to Harold Koontz, Management is defined as “the art of getting things done through others and with formally organized groups” (Koontz, 1954)..To be effective in management, A manager should have should have undergone necessary training and Should possess some individual skills. This essay seeks to explore the question ‘Is management an art or a science? This essay will analyze whether management from the perspective of an art and a science. .Management as an art Ayn Rand (1905-1982) defines art as “a selective re-creation of reality according to an artist’s metaphysical value-judgments. If those who believe that management were an art, they are those people who believe that there is no specific way to learn management and it just takes two things i.e. personality and ability to learn and understand management. Additionaly these people would also believe that people can’t be taught to be effective managers, throughout the years they become better through experience and training. But For Schein, (2001) People’s attention towards the environment becomes more clear ,provoke them to question long-held beliefs, encourage developing...
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...Management: Science or Art Introduction : Management is very old concept, and hence there are different Perspective from different writers. It is result oriented-success or failure can be detected by its results, if there is good discipline, increase in production & profits, etc then it is successful or vice- versa According to George R. Terry- ''Management Is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling; utilizing in each both science and art, and followed in order to accomplish pre-determined objectives.". Management is multidisciplinary in nature-it may contain various factors affecting its processes & results. Observation on management as a Science: The word science comes from the Latin "scientia," meaning knowledge. Science may be described as a systematic body of knowledge based on proper observations and exact principles and can be verified or Cross checked. It is a collection of some fundamental truths and its findings which can be applied safely in all the situations. same like the science the management has also developed laws, principles & findings which are general and only applicable to the group of peoples working together,this laws can be implemented to get desired Results. Since management involves dealing with people for getting work done it may fall under the category of social sciences. Observation on management as a Art: The management is vibrant in nature-an organization to be survived...
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...ESSAY title: “What is Management: is it an Art or a Science?” Number of words: 1860 What is Management? Is it an Art or a Science? The objective of this essay is to settle the old argument that whether management is an art or a science. It aims to give a deeper and brief view about the topic of ‘Management’ and the point to which management fulfills the criteria for being a science as well as an art have been outlined. Management characteristics have been stated and discussed in relation to the characteristics of science as well as art by use of classical theories and principles which were derived by experts who are related with the study of management. It is difficult to define the word management since neither accurate nor approved definition is found yet. However, it has a traditional definition which states that management is “the art of getting things done through people” (Mary Parker Follet, 1868-1933). Still, this definition does not perfectly describe management therefore the meaning cannot be relied on; this is because the definition views the term management as an “art” while management may be both either a science or an art. Secondly, the definition does not consider the functions of management which were introduced in a new definition by Henry Fayol defining management as “to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, and to coordinate and control”(Fayol, 1916). Every firm exists with some objectives or goals; in order to achieve these objectives...
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...What is management? A science or an art? Or, maybe, it is combination… The more we talk about it, the more opinions appear… Nowadays management is a science. Many proceedings devoted to this sphere of business activity, many scientists dedicate their lives to in-depth study of management. But what does manager do? The main aim of the manager is to organize people. To set objectives, to allot responsibilities, to control the process of goal achievement, to motivate people on the result, to reward good workers and apply sanctions on goalless workers. In fact, you don’t need any special knowledge to do all these things. That’s why management isn’t a science. The only function, what management does is structuring of quite evident methods and facts. What does it mean? It means, that there are many examples in history, when people without special education were great managers. One of the most famous examples is Bill Gates or Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs is a genius manager, whose company reached a lot. All these examples talk us, that only experience or intuition or luck are the keys to success. Many people have a great theoretical base in management as in science. But they can do nothing, because they can’t apple their knowledge in real life. Also it is important to see the difference between manager and entrepreneur. The first is the person, who initiates business. Manager is a person, who is hired by the board of directors. He doesn’t risk anything. Besides the qualities, which...
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...Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Contaduría Pública y Administración International Business Program Finance VI Assignment: The Art of War by Sun Tzu & Risk Management Roberto Mauricio Sandoval Salazar Group: 8Vi ID: 1568794 Teacher: Eduardo Treviño Ciudad Universitaria de Nuevo León, February 28th, 201 The Art of War by Sun Tzu & Risk Management “If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.” This quote comes from a translation of the Art of War by Sun Tzu, written in China in what is estimated to be 512 BC. It could seem farfetched to assert that this ancient quote is appropriate in today’s business environment, but it is actually a good metaphor for the challenges and rewards of enterprise risk management. To adapt it to the business context, let’s pacify and update the quote by removing battles and enemies: battles will be business challenges and enemies will be risks threatening the success of your operations. Simply put, Sun Tzu posits that knowing your risks is not enough to ensure your success. Knowledge of the processes that may create the risks is also crucial for success. Incidentally, considering risks in a vacuum is also only half a solution. Obviously, the “succumb in every battle” outcome brought...
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...The concept of management is universal and very old. That is why different views have been expressed about its nature by different writers from time to time. The continuous and rapid development of management principles and practices in organization has changed the nature of management. The main points of view about the nature of management are given below: Management as an Inborn or Acquired Ability In the pre-scientific management period, i.e., prior to 1880 there has been a leading concept that management is an inborn ability. It is a traditional approach. The supporters of this concept believe that the hereditary characteristics, inborn talents and natural aptitudes of a man make him an efficient manager. Some people are so efficient and talented since their birth that they lead and get success in the field of business. To our mind, this concept was used when the ownership and management were not separated. But later on the researches and development in the field of science, technology and training etc. changed this old concept. Today management is considered not only as an inborn ability but also as an acquired ability. In the words of Ordway Tead, "Managers are both born and made." Today, in large-sized business organizations, ownership and management are separate identities. The management lies in the hands of professional managers who are educated and trained. Thus, now the management can be considered as an acquired ability. Management as an Art, Science or Both A...
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...The concept of management is universal and very old. That is why different views have been expressed about its nature by different writers from time to time. The continuous and rapid development of management principles and practices in organization has changed the nature of management. The main points of view about the nature of management are given below: Management as an Inborn or Acquired Ability In the pre-scientific management period, i.e., prior to 1880 there has been a leading concept that management is an inborn ability. It is a traditional approach. The supporters of this concept believe that the hereditary characteristics, inborn talents and natural aptitudes of a man make him an efficient manager. Some people are so efficient and talented since their birth that they lead and get success in the field of business. To our mind, this concept was used when the ownership and management were not separated. But later on the researches and development in the field of science, technology and training etc. changed this old concept. Today management is considered not only as an inborn ability but also as an acquired ability. In the words of Ordway Tead, "Managers are both born and made." Today, in large-sized business organizations, ownership and management are separate identities. The management lies in the hands of professional managers who are educated and trained. Thus, now the management can be considered as an acquired ability. Management as an Art, Science or Both ...
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...The paper is mainly about the management of the high-tech companies in a successful way. The article is written as the result of a research that exceeds two decades which consists of surveys and interviews with several CEOs and executives from different high-tech industries and different-sized firms. In the article the authors define six key headings for a successful management of high-tech companies. After explaining all, they also put these topics in two groups which are paradoxical. The themes mentioned in the article which are “business focus”, “organizational cohesion” and “sense of integrity” represent the static and stable side of the paradox. On the other hand “adaptability”, “entrepreneurial culture” and “hands-on top management” are dynamic and changing side of the paradox. Six themes of the successful high-tech management that are mentioned in the article: Business Focus: To succeed as a technology firm, companies should focus their attention on production lines, R&D stage and business priorities. Instead of making effort for irrelevant and wide product portfolio, they should concentrate on well-known and well-done products, areas or trying to create new product lines or business opportunities which are related to these. For the technological leadership of the companies, R&D expenses also should be enduring in a few areas instead of being in many areas and discontinuous. Adaptability: A high technology company should be able to adapt and lead the rapid changes...
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...Media and Marketing 2: Getting the message out Managing the Arts 4129A * If public money is received, there is a lot more scrutiny. * Arts organizations have to be careful with how they get there message out * when Arts organizations are seen as spiralling down, the business side questions whether investing in the organization will even make any sort of impact * Arts Marketing tips from across cultural sector ( Experiment, challenge, and ask questions-In business you are generally a part of a uniform way of doing things, in business you’ve defined who you’re target audience is. Arts on the other hand, generally have to change the way they do things to serve different audiences and different occasions.Refine Your skills- Both business and arts stress the need to innovate and learn from their mistakes and the mistakes of others. Both stress the importance of exciting customers. Arts however, stresses the need to innovate more than business do. Be Realistic, but not defeatist-Arts organization really have to be resourceful. Everything spent has to create a significant impact. Set aside time to read inspiring content-distinction between arts and business is that it’s hard to get routine in Arts Organization. Know Your Tone- it’s hard for arts organization to look at themselves objectively. Don’t reinvent the wheel- ) * 10 Social media tips for arts Organizations ( You have to find various ways of getting the message out) * goal of e-messages (you want...
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...“Performing Arts Management” 2010 Diana C. González Prof. Víctor Quiñones 12/20/2010 Universidad de Puerto Rico Recinto de Río Piedras Escuela Graduada de Administración de Empresas Tabla de Contenido Los eventos artísticos desde la perspectiva del servicio 3 El Mercado 4 La Audiencia 4 Factores de preferencia y motivación 5 Tarifación 7 Las emociones, los servicios periferales y la intención de compra 9 Conclusión 12 Bibliografía 13 Los eventos artísticos desde la perspectiva del servicio El mercadeo de servicios en el sector de las artes es uno complejo, experiencial y esencialmente intangible. Estos tienen como médula de su ofrecimiento el espectáculo. Esta médula deberá ser apoyada por otras actividades o servicios los cuales se consideran servicios enriquecedores o facilitadores (Lovelock, 1992). Dentro de estos servicios en el sector de las artes se pueden delinear algunos muy considerados por las audiencias los cuales serán determinantes para su intención de compra. Por otro lado, el mercado de las artes es muy peculiar en cuanto a su proceso de comercialización ya que este comienza con la creación de la pieza artística, en donde el gestor de mercadeo no tiene poder alguno para modificar ese producto. Por tanto, el mercadeo de servicio en el sector de las artes se orienta hacia el producto y no hacia el mercado. El producto no es creado para cubrir una necesidad del mercado, su creación es independiente al mercado...
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...The new firmware adds numerous functions to the router. To setup a Linksys router with a DSL connection you need to perform six steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Downloading the Firmware Backing-Up the Router's Settings Upgrading the Router's Firmware Completing the Firmware Upgrade Restoring the Router's Settings Completing the Firmware Upgrade Process Downloading the Firmware Step 1: Before downloading the firmware, make sure your computer has an active Internet connection. If your computer is plugged directly into the router and cannot get online, disconnect your router and plug your computer directly into your cable or DSL modem. Step 2: Click on the Select Your Version drop-down menu and select the version of your router. NOTE: In this example, we used WRT160N. The image may vary depending on the model number of the Linksys product. Step 3: Click Download under Firmware to download the latest firmware for your router. Step 4: Click Save in the File Download dialog box that appears. Look for the Save As dialog box, choose a location for the file like the Desktop and click Save. When the download is complete, click Close, if prompted. If you're using Mac, it will automatically download and unzip the file and save it on Downloads folder. NOTE: The name of the file may vary depending on the firmware file of your router. Step 5: If the firmware file you have downloaded is on a zip format, double-click on the zip file and extract its contents to a single folder or to the...
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...Why Should Government Support the Arts? State governments today face monumental challenges: record-breaking budget shortfalls, rising unemployment, widespread home foreclosures and escalating needs for public assistance. States are wrestling with these immediate pressures while also trying to address long-term concerns about education, economic competitiveness and health care. All the while, public managers and elected officials must uphold the principles that taxpayers expect: thrift, accountability, equity and transparency. In this environment, all areas of spending—including the arts—are under increased scrutiny. Lawmakers may question whether government has a legitimate role to play in the arts or may ask why the arts should receive funds when so many other needs are pressing. We encourage you to welcome dialogue about these issues. The 40-year history of state arts agencies proves that when policymakers understand how the arts benefit government and citizens, they find a way to continue support, even during hard financial times. We hope that this document will help bring those benefits to the foreground and help your state answer common questions about government’s role in arts support. Designed for public arts leaders and advocates to excerpt and adapt, this material can be used to support your state’s case for the arts. Select the points that are most relevant in your situation. Quote the research. Add your own examples, and consider the tips and ideas included...
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...THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECIAL PROGRAM IN THE ARTS IN THE SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL: TOWARDS AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM BY: ELLEN S. TALACTAC MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECIAL PROGRAM IN THE ARTS IN THE SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL: TOWARDS AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM The Special Program in the Arts (SPA) is a nationwide program of the Department of Education for the students with potential or talent in the arts namely: music, visual arts, theater arts, media arts, creative writing and dance. The school shall offer a comprehensive secondary educational program centered on the arts, covering a range of art forms and disciplines. Arts education is an integral component of a balanced educational program in all year 2 levels, which provides the background for post - secondary level work. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY San Francisco High School was chosen as one of the schools to implement the Special Program in the Arts because it satisfies the criteria set in the guidelines. (DECS Memorandum # 135 s. 2001) The SPA school is / has: * A financially autonomous regular high school * Is strategically located in the region and surrounded by resources such as libraries, museums, instructional...
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