...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com International Journal of Project Management 27 (2009) 456–463 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijproman E-ethical leadership for virtual project teams Margaret R. Lee * Capella University, 225 South Sixth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402, United States Received 30 March 2008; received in revised form 21 May 2008; accepted 27 May 2008 Abstract This paper presents a review of current literature on ethical theories as they relate to ethical leadership in the virtual business environment (e-ethics) and virtual project leadership. Ethical theories are reviewed in relation to virtual project management, such as participative management, Theory Y, and its relationship to utilitarianism; Kantian ethics, motivation, and trust; communitarian ethics, ethic of care and egalitarianism; Stakeholder Theory; and the use of political tactics. Challenges to e-ethical leadership are presented and responses to these issues discussed. The conclusion presents four propositions for future research. The purpose of this paper is to identify secondary literature on e-ethics and how this new area of business ethics may affect the leaders of virtual project teams. Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-ethics; E-leadership; Virtual project management; Virtual teams; Project management; Ethics; Project leadership; Ethical project leadership; E-ethical project management; Sensitive material; Code of conduct; Social isolation; Virtual community;...
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...account. Using the CEO’s personal love of livestock the salesman develops a person relationship and eventually closes the sale. Ethical issues arise when the tactics used by the salesman are revealed in an email sent by the VP of sales, Jeremy Silva, celebrating the success of landing the account. This paper explores and describes how to identify risk factors for ethics problems, and how once identified determining steps to mitigate that risk. Employee actions should be conducted with honesty, full disclosure and the upholding of confidentiality. While the actions of Chris Knox in the World-Class Bull Case may be deemed to have crossed the line the mitigation of his actions should have been handled differently. The responsibility of this “could have crossed the line” behavior lies with management, specifically the sales manager and secondarily the organizations lack of proper ethics training. Building relationships and friendships with potential and current customers is all part of being a salesman. The question in this case is whether the success of Chris in landing the deal was because of the friendship he had deceptively formed. While it is permissible and advisable to forge friendships with potential and existing customers, care must be taken in order to not allow these methods to appear deceptive. “Questionable ethics, specifically within the sales...
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...Ethics in Negotiation: 1. Define Ethical Negotiation. Why do ethics matter? How would you apply ethics within the context of your Negotiation Final Project for this course? Ethics are the social principles or gauge whether some body is following the set social standards or not. The role of these social or ethical standards is very important in any type of negotiation for both parties. This gives the chance for both parties to know the tactics which are being used are deceptive, ethical or unethical and then help them examining the ethical tones and aid them in decision making. This also help both parties distinguish among different criteria, or standards, for judging and evaluating a negotiator’s actions, particularly when questions of ethics might be involved. In my final project, I will choose and react to the other party by keeping in mind the following mix of approaches. • Choose a course of action on the basis of results I expect to achieve (e.g., greatest return on investment). • Choose a course of action on the basis of my personal convictions (e.g., what my conscience tells me to do). 2. What motivates unethical behavior in negotiations? What are the potential consequences? How can negotiators deal with the other party's use of deception? When one party or individual want to secure his own establish outcome ignoring other party interest motivates unethical behavior. The unethical behavior outcome also depends on how high are the party stakes, competitiveness...
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...decisions making. Most small companies find themselves in this tier based on the perception that any more formalized research might be too expensive to employ and because their resources will not accommodate this type of decision making. c. Explain what hierarchal level do you believe would be optimal (or your business)? -Top tier level would be the more optimal level for my business, top tier level organizations can see research as the fundamental first step in any course. This level goes well beyond the tried and true methodologies and use creative combinations of research techniques to gain deep insights to aid in their sophisticated decision making. Chapter 2 2. Research ethics (not business ethics) a. What is the goal of research ethics? -The goal of research ethics is to prevent anyone from being harmed. b. What is the purpose of an informed consent? May a subject quit midway through a survey? -The purpose of informed consent is to provide participants with sufficient information about what they are getting into, that way they can make an informed, voluntary and rational decision to participate. If a participant quits midway through a survey all their responses will be saved up to the last page they completed. c. What...
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...Supplier Development at Deere & Company By Gil Lopez An assignment submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for MGT 608 School of Business and Management National University Dr. Farnaz Sharifrazi December 1, 2013 Background Deere & Company, also known as John Deere, is a leading provider of agricultural equipment with offices, manufacturing facilities, and suppliers in over 160 countries (Company Background, 2001). In order to stay competitive and remain a leader in its industry, Deere & Company has entered into partnerships with its suppliers in an effort to reduce the suppliers’ manufacturing cycle time and help cut manufacturing costs, which would in turn benefit Deere as well. Through supplier development group (SDG) project teams, Deere and Excelsior, the main supplier of tractor attachments, worked together in order to formulate solutions to achieve such goals. Is Deere’s Tactic an appropriate one? Forcing a supplier to change their processes, invest millions of dollars for the implementation of such changes, and reduce their prices does not seem like an appropriate tactic or a good business practice. Although this tactic may work for major retail corporations such as Walmart, effective supply chain management relies on high levels of trust, cooperation, collaboration and honest, accurate communications, all of which is missing from the deal that Deere is trying to obtain (Wisner, Tan & Leong, 2012). By trying to control...
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...Business Ethics across the World Have you ever measured that how different countries become closer to one another and it has produced alike views for countries that do business together due to globalization? Through the growth of globalization several ethical issues are getting exposure according to management teams. You can imagine if ethic is dilemma within the country then how about the issues that occur due to foreign language, diverse cultures and number of people involved grows to a global scale. This paper will identify ethical perspectives of two countries, India and China, and how these two articles contribute to understanding global ethics. It will also explain how china’s and India’s business ethics compare to the United States. In journal of business ethics (2009), article “A Chinese perspective: Business Ethics in China Now and in the Future”, describes that China has been at the forefront of growing concern, not only about its products and enterprises, but also about its business ethics. This article analyzes the state of ethics in business in China. China now manufactures or assembles over 50% of the world’s products. However, the world has been reeling from daily accounts of defective “Made in China” products. China has been at the forefront of growing concern, not only about its products and enterprises, but also about its business ethics. This article analyzes recent events connected with the Made in China label from the perspective of evolving Chinese business...
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...Do Business Ethics Pay? Ethics for Strategic Planners Ethics has been described as what one does when one thinks no one is watching. “Do business ethics pay? This is a question that some would say is a wrong one. Behaving ethically, they argue, is what you do because it is the right thing to do.” (Welby & More, 2003) In today’s business environment everyone is watching. Newspaper headlines range from accounting scandals to insider stock trading. “Many casual observers could fail to see the connection between strategic planning and ethics. Yet these two concerns are intimately related.” (Ethics Resource Center, n.d.) Two kids who met in seventh grade gym class in Merrick, New York (Long Island) in 1963 would one day found a company that would be model for ethics in strategic planning. The model company that integrates ethics into their strategic planning and business model is Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. Their social mission is an integral part of the organization as their business and product missions. Central To The Mission Of Ben & Jerry’s as posted on the company website “is the belief that all three parts must thrive equally in a manner that commands deep respect for individuals in and outside the company and supports the communities of which they are a part.” Many organizations use the Gold Watch story to impart the company’s view on business ethics. Participants are asked to read the story and then individually rank the six characters in the story from 1...
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...they command (reward, coercion, friendship, expertise) Q2) Explain how people obtain power in organizations * Doing the right things and cultivating the right people * Activities that lead to power acquisition need to be extraordinary, visible, and relevant to the needs of the org * People cultivate outsiders, subordinates, peers and superiors Q3) Empowerment * Means giving people the authority, opportunity, and motivation to solve organisational problems * Power is located where it is needed to give employees the feeling that they are capable of doing their jobs well Q4) Influence tactics * Are impersonal strategies that covert power into influence * Assertiveness, ingratiation, rationality, exchange, upward appeal, coalition formation * Rationality (logic, reason, planning, and compromise) is generally the most efficient tactic Q5) Provide a profile of power seekers * Effective managers often have high need for power * While individuals with high n Pow can, behave in an abusive or dominating fashion, they can also use their power responsibly * Managers with high n Pow are effective when they use this power to achieve org goals Q6) Strategic contingencies and how subunits obtain power * Organizational subunits obtain power by controlling strategic contingencies * They are able to affect events that are critical to their subunits. Thus, their departments that can obtain resources for the org will acquire power ...
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...Implementation of Strategies and Tactics for Water Company Strategic Objective According to the vision and mission of Mapua (spring) water company, the main objective of the company is to gain highest shares of the market by providing highest quality water with low cost in comparison to its competitors. By providing high quality, the management wants to gain customer satisfaction and maintain a long term relationship with them. In order to achieve the objective of the company, Mapua also want to increase the performance level of the employees by motivating them and providing advanced technologies. Strategies and Tactics to achieve the Objectives ➢ The management should understand the need of market, by conducting a market analysis. Management should conduct a survey to understand the taste, quality and price preferred by the customers (Wexelbaum, n.d.). ➢ In order to promote its product the management should use attractive promotion strategies and communication technique. ➢ Every consumer should have the knowledge about the product of company. So the management should communicate about product in the market with the help of latest information technologies. The management should use internet, newspaper, television to advertise this product. ➢ Timing is also one of the important factors to implement various strategies and tactics. The management should evaluate the market needs and strategies of competitors on time. The management should communicate all the...
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... | | | |Methodology | |3 | | | | | |Finding |Responsible Party |4 | | |Leadership Role |5 | | |Image-Saving Tactics |7 | | |Text Message Apology |7 | | |Strategy to Prevent Corruption |8 | | | |...
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...respond to criticism or hold back on certain company details. Nike dealt with criticism from right activist, media, and face labor rights violations. However, over a period of time and after making some important adjustments; Nike is working on improving its company image. Nike used traditional advertising methods to broadcast its product. Nike public relations tactics dealt with the wage policy, visiting campuses on universities, personal letters, corporate responsibility and using celebrities as spoke person for its product. Nike launch campaigns regarding child labor, low and non- existent wages. Nike believes that the U.S dollars were meaningless because the cost of living was different in other countries. Nike held press conferences for newspaper staff at colleges. These were ways for Nike to make proactive efforts to address the concerns of activists protesting against their products. Nike made a few mistakes in handling the negative publicity. Three mistakes that Nike made in handling the negative publicity is its intent to ignore the negative publicity, its marketing strategy, and its public relations tactics. They focus their attention more on public relations which lead them to a lawsuit. According to the author, “Nike response to the issues are more of a damage- control stunt than a sincere attempt at labor reform” ( Ferrell,...
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...Running head: BUSINESS RESEARCH ETHICS 1 Business Research Ethics RES 351 February 28, 2013 BUSINESS RESEARCH ETHICS 2 Business Research Ethics Before the debt crisis of 2008 exploded, one of the two American banks that backed a large portion of United States mortgages was fined in 2006 because of improper accounting practices. Ethics are a set of standards derived by individual or company ideals of what is right and wrong. Looking back, it should have been clear the poor ethics of this bank would contribute to the economic disaster that would follow. A report conducted by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) from 1998 to 2004 discovered that Fannie Mae’s senior management deliberately influenced improper accounting by swaying internal auditors resulting in undeserved large bonuses. This was accomplished without advising any stockholder or other interested parties; the rest of the world. During this time, Fannie Mae reported unfettered profit growth and reaching publicized earnings targets per share for each quarter. "The image of Fannie Mae as one of the lowest-risk and 'best in class' institutions was a façade" (Fannie mae: Unethical, 2006). During this investigation, Fannie Mae evaded the OFHEO further adding to their harsh fine levied by them and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Fannie Mae’s mismanagement, manipulation of earnings, and unhindered growth culminated in $10.6 billion in losses, “well over a billion dollars in expenses...
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...Organizational Research and Theory: MBA 6001 | Research Paper | | The purpose of this research paper is to address organizational research and theory and to determine the importance of establishing rules, regulations and standing operating procedures in an organization. An organization’s way of conducting business and its environment is critical to the success of that company. There are many elements that complete the puzzle of that organization that will determine that organizations success or failure. All personnel from the highest to the lowest level have key roles that display the relevance of the organizational environment, organizational design and organizational change. The Organization An organization is defined as “a tool that people use to coordinate their actions to obtain something they desire or value which is to achieve their goals” (Jones, 2010, p.2). According to Jones (2010), an organization is a response to and a means of satisfying some human need. It is important to be innovative in an organization. When new technologies are discovered and needs are increased, the organization thrives in their success. As long as there is a need that an organization can provide, the organization will have continuous success. There are many people who have goals of becoming an entrepreneur in their area of expertise. “Entrepreneurship is the term used to describe the process by which people recognize opportunities to satisfy needs and then gather...
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...behavior depends on leaders, like Kurt Griebel, to manage others to achieve the company's goals and objectives. The definition of leadership is defined “as the use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement” (Colquitt, Lepine, & Wesson, 2011, p. 485). An important aspect of Kurt’s leadership style was he used different decision-making processes to achieve the company’s goals and objectives. He was known in the Target Corporation as an effective leader who focused on the situation, and made a decision viewed by many as transparent and fair. This paper will show what made Kurt an exemplary leader by analyzing these key factors: 1. Organizational power 2. Contingency factors 3. Trust and ethics 4. Decision-making Context Throughout my employment with Target Kurt demonstrated his leadership ability on many occasions. However, if I have to choose one occasion in which...
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...Ethical Issues in Business: Ackerman vs. Coca Cola Coca Cola was brought under scrutiny and to court by Ackerman, filing in the United States District Court in the Eastern District of New York {Ackerman v. The Coca- Cola Company and Energy Brands Inc. (d/b/a Glaceau), Case No. 09-cv-0395) (Brison, 2012). The suit compiles a class action suit from the states of New York, New Jersey, and California. Thirteen allegations are identified with three dismissed. We will be discussing the issue at hand, what the basis of the suit is and ground rules, ethical issues, how Coca Cola’s leadership conduct affected the company, and the changes needed. The history of Coca Cola dates back to the 1886 when an Atlanta pharmacist named of Dr. John S. Pemberton discovered that by mixing sweet syrup with carbonated water an eccentric taste was produced. In 1886 Coca-Cola started as a five cent drink in a neighborhood pharmacy and today has become a household name for millions. With the increasing push for health, coke, and other carbonated soft-drink manufacturers have experienced a 2.1% volume decline in one year alone. In an effort to prevent decreasing soda sales, Coca-Cola decided to manufacture Vitaminwater. The success of this product was largely because of the marketing power of the organization and the products health claims. For example they listed that this product will provide “optimal functioning of the immune system,” and that Vitaminwater “is specially formulated to provide 50% of...
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