...concept of management is universal and very old. That is why different views have been expressed about its nature by different writers from time to time. The continuous and rapid development of management principles and practices in organization has changed the nature of management. The main points of view about the nature of management are given below: Management as an Inborn or Acquired Ability In the pre-scientific management period, i.e., prior to 1880 there has been a leading concept that management is an inborn ability. It is a traditional approach. The supporters of this concept believe that the hereditary characteristics, inborn talents and natural aptitudes of a man make him an efficient manager. Some people are so efficient and talented since their birth that they lead and get success in the field of business. To our mind, this concept was used when the ownership and management were not separated. But later on the researches and development in the field of science, technology and training etc. changed this old concept. Today management is considered not only as an inborn ability but also as an acquired ability. In the words of Ordway Tead, "Managers are both born and made." Today, in large-sized business organizations, ownership and management are separate identities. The management lies in the hands of professional managers who are educated and trained. Thus, now the management can be considered as an acquired ability. Management as an Art, Science or Both A lot...
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... | | | Management takes a dual process of both art and science, when PLANNING, he/she need some statistical data to enhance him/her project in to the future, procuring data has to do with science. When COORDINATING his/her work force (employees) , he/she needs that human relation skills, to be able to achieve the planned goals and objectives, and this has to do with art. Conducting a feasibility study or market research need science technique and the ability to implement and sustained this result, the management needs art techniques. | Rate this: +0 -0 | Nagaraju said: (Sat, Nov 22, 2014 10:55:57 PM) | | | | I think management has elements of both art and science. It may not be proper to term it as pure science or pure art. In fact, it is a science as well as an art because science and art are both complementary to each other. As cossa has said, "science requires art, art requires science, each being complementary to each other". It may be concluded that there is no hard and fast line between art and science of management. The former(science) will have to solve problems and establish principles which might be applied with benefit to the latter(art). The present ratio is about 90% art and 10% science. Though a very great deal of developments are presently increasing that proportion which can properly be called science. I am willing to venture a guess that by the end of another generation the ratio will be 80% art and perhaps 20% science. ". | Rate this:...
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...Top of Form Bottom of Form Homework Help "Management is both an art and a science." Please explain this quote. Topic: Business deepak85 | Student, Undergraduate | eNotes Newbie Posted September 21, 2008 at 4:09 AM via web dislike2like "Management is both an art and a science." Please explain this quote. ------------------------------------------------- 10 Answers | Add Yours gbeatty | College Teacher | (Level 1) Educator Emeritus Posted September 21, 2008 at 10:13 AM (Answer #2) dislike1like The idea that management is both art and science is a truism and a kind of short hand. That is to say, a lot of people say it, and it is commonly held to be true, and it serves as a way of indicating a rather complex reality involving management. A science has known laws. It works with facts and reason and produces—when it gets to application via technology—dependable results. By contrast, art is highly personal and subjective. It works with emotions and the interplay between individuals and communities. Managers must do both: produce reliable results and deal with emotional humans. sruthi19 | Student, Undergraduate | eNotes Newbie Posted July 29, 2011 at 9:05 PM (Answer #6) dislike1like since art is concerned with personal application of knowledge some kind of ingenuity and creativity is required to practise the basic principles. it is said to be art because: 1) A successful manager practise the art of management in the day-to-day job of managing an enterprise...
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...ESSAY title: “What is Management: is it an Art or a Science?” Number of words: 1860 What is Management? Is it an Art or a Science? The objective of this essay is to settle the old argument that whether management is an art or a science. It aims to give a deeper and brief view about the topic of ‘Management’ and the point to which management fulfills the criteria for being a science as well as an art have been outlined. Management characteristics have been stated and discussed in relation to the characteristics of science as well as art by use of classical theories and principles which were derived by experts who are related with the study of management. It is difficult to define the word management since neither accurate nor approved definition is found yet. However, it has a traditional definition which states that management is “the art of getting things done through people” (Mary Parker Follet, 1868-1933). Still, this definition does not perfectly describe management therefore the meaning cannot be relied on; this is because the definition views the term management as an “art” while management may be both either a science or an art. Secondly, the definition does not consider the functions of management which were introduced in a new definition by Henry Fayol defining management as “to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, and to coordinate and control”(Fayol, 1916). Every firm exists with some objectives or goals; in order to achieve these objectives...
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...Introduction There is an old controversy going on which is “Is management an art or a science?”. Management is everywhere. It can be found in offices , schools, banks, Hospitals etc. Whether it be a profit or non-profit organization, it is required for the smooth transition of the business. There is no agreed definition for the term management but according to Harold Koontz, Management is defined as “the art of getting things done through others and with formally organized groups” (Koontz, 1954)..To be effective in management, A manager should have should have undergone necessary training and Should possess some individual skills. This essay seeks to explore the question ‘Is management an art or a science? This essay will analyze whether management from the perspective of an art and a science. .Management as an art Ayn Rand (1905-1982) defines art as “a selective re-creation of reality according to an artist’s metaphysical value-judgments. If those who believe that management were an art, they are those people who believe that there is no specific way to learn management and it just takes two things i.e. personality and ability to learn and understand management. Additionaly these people would also believe that people can’t be taught to be effective managers, throughout the years they become better through experience and training. But For Schein, (2001) People’s attention towards the environment becomes more clear ,provoke them to question long-held beliefs, encourage developing...
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...Management being characterized as an Art, as a Science or both can be debatable. In order to investigate the nature of management, it would be useful firstly to define it. According to Drucker, “Management is about human beings. Its task is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant. This is what organization is all about, and this is the reason why management is the critical determining factor”. Nowadays, practically everyone works for a managed institution, large or not, for profit or not. Our living actually depends on Management. The ability we have to contribute to society, depends firstly on the way the institute we work for, is managed and furthermore on our own abilities, devotion and effort. For years now, there has been a great debate on whether management can be characterized as a science or as an art. Some of the most important authors that tried to examine if management is an art or a science are Lester et al. (1998), Watkins (1993), Bohn(1994), Calkins(1959), Schiemann and Lingle(1997), and Weick(1996). Examining the evolution of managerial discourse since 1870 would aid with the discussion on Management being an art, a science or both. According to Barley and Kunda (1992) even though serious theoretical and political differences existed, scholars have merged on a common theory of how American managerial notion has evolved. During the first stage, which terminated in the late 1800s...
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...anagement Is Both an Art and a Science Management is both Art and Science. It is the art of making people more effective than they would Have been without you. The science is in how you do that Management can be said to be the process of working with people and the resources to accomplish organizational goals (Bateman Snell (1999) management building competitive advantage 4th ed.). It could also be said to be the organization as well as the coordination of an organization as it relates to already set out policies and the achievement of certain objectives. Management is both art and science it is the art of making people more effective than they would have been without you. The science is in how you do that, the science of it lies in a manager’s ability to apply the four basic functions of management as he carries out all his/her duties, namely: Planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The most basic of all these functions is the planning aspect, planning is the foundation of any organization, these are the policies that are set in place whether it has to do with long term goals , objectives, profits. These strategies are set in place and used to achieve companies’ goals. Organizing is assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, information and other resources (Bateman Snell (1999) management building competitive advantage 4th ed.). This involves grouping all the resources together and getting them working in order to...
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...channel of distribution—that is, the route goods take in reaching the consumer. Merchandisers may be involved in wholesaling or retailing, or sometimes both. A wholesaler is a merchandiser who purchases goods and then sells them to buyers, typically retailers, for the purpose of resale. A retailer is a merchandiser who sells goods to consumers. C. Service Enterprises Service enterprises include many kinds of businesses. Examples include dry cleaners, shoe repair stores, restaurants, hospitals, and hotels. 1.3. BUSINESS OPERATION or BUSINESS FUNCTION. A variety of operations keep businesses, especially large corporations, running efficiently and effectively. Common business operation divisions include (1) Production, (2) marketing , (3) finance, and (4) human resource management Management is an Art: This is due to the following reasons: 1. Manager applies knowledge and skills to coordinate the efforts of people 2. Management seeks to achieve concrete practical results—profits, growth, social service, etc… 3. It is creative…converts input into output utilize new situations. 4. Personalized process… Individual managers adopt their own approach to manage. 5. Continuous practice refines managerial art...lead to organization goal achievement. Management is a Science: This is due to the following reasons: 1. Management is a systematized body...
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...Q. Is management an art, or a science or both? Can managers be developed? What are some of the characteristics of successful managers? In order to be able discuss whether management is an art or a science we need to define what ‘management’, ‘art’ and ‘science’ are. Management is a set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organization's resources (human, financial, physical, and information) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. In general an art defines as "skill in conducting any human activity" and science as "any skill or technique that reflects a precise application of facts or a principle.” (studymode.com, 2011). There are lots of views rising whether management is an art or a science or both. It can say that it is the oldest of arts and youngest of science. To support this argument we need to understand these two aspects of management. Management as an Art: Art refers to the way of doing specific things; it indicates how an object can be achieved. In the words of George R. Terry, "Art is bringing about of a desired result through the application of skill." In this sense, management is certainly an art as a manager uses his skill, knowledge and experience in solving various problems; both complicated and non-complicated that arises in the working of his enterprise successful. Management as a Science: Science may be described as a systematized body...
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...Assignment: 1 Q 1 Is management the same throughout the world? Is it the same throughout the organization? Is it the same across organizations? Why or why not? Answer:- ✓ No it is not, why not throughout the world? It is because management depend on • Politics • Culture of the society • Economy and • Other environmental facture And also its half part is an art therefore depend on the managerial • Practical knowledge • Personal Skills • Creativity • Practice • Goal oriented ✓ Why not throughout the organization? It is because management depend on the organizational rules, structure and goal of the organization. Also discussed above it depend on the manager knowledge, personal skill, creativity and practice. ✓ It is also not the same measurement from one side to other side of the organization according to the organizational behaver , measurement structure and also organization type • Business organization • Governmental organization • Non –business organization (charity ) Q 2 Management is both a science and an art. Is one of these aspects...
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...Management: Science or Art Introduction : Management is very old concept, and hence there are different Perspective from different writers. It is result oriented-success or failure can be detected by its results, if there is good discipline, increase in production & profits, etc then it is successful or vice- versa According to George R. Terry- ''Management Is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling; utilizing in each both science and art, and followed in order to accomplish pre-determined objectives.". Management is multidisciplinary in nature-it may contain various factors affecting its processes & results. Observation on management as a Science: The word science comes from the Latin "scientia," meaning knowledge. Science may be described as a systematic body of knowledge based on proper observations and exact principles and can be verified or Cross checked. It is a collection of some fundamental truths and its findings which can be applied safely in all the situations. same like the science the management has also developed laws, principles & findings which are general and only applicable to the group of peoples working together,this laws can be implemented to get desired Results. Since management involves dealing with people for getting work done it may fall under the category of social sciences. Observation on management as a Art: The management is vibrant in nature-an organization to be survived...
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...scope of management Management has different definitions, from different theorists. There are various ways of describing management, so in this assignment the different definitions of management would be discussed and we would also see how most of the definitions are similar, along with their functions. We should consider management look at why management is very relevant. We should see how the various views of these management theorists are similar and also if they contrast. Management, as defined, “is the activity of getting things done with the aid of people and other resources efficiently and effectively, it is a feature of most human circumstances; domestic, social and political, as well as in formally established organisations”(David Boddy, 2008, ps.10). We human beings perform different activities everyday such as; eating, drinking, playing and they are related to management etc. According to Mary Parket Follet, “Management is the act of getting things done through people. So management is an activity because a manager accomplishes his task or objective with the help of others and also directs these people in order to obtain his objective, so management achieves its objectives through people, so management is quite useful to people. In management there are various activities that are carried out. These include informational activities, decisional activities and inter-personal activities and all these activities are to be done by a manager. Management endeavours...
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...Science vs. Art Marketing Similarities and Differences of Analytics and Creativity in Marketing A common misconception about marketing amongst those who are unfamiliar with the field is that marketing is simplistic and its value not as necessary as “hard skill” fields such as finance and accounting. However marketing is the key to optimum success in that a carefully concocted balance between creativity and analytics are necessary for brand recognition and profit. It involves science marketing, which involves predominantly market research, focus group studies, and data analysis, along with art marketing, focusing on creative strategy and branding. Although it may appear these focal areas of marketing are from opposite ends of the spectrum, they share several similarities and depend on each other to thrive. According to BusinessDictionary.com, scientific marketing is the “application of analytical testing and statistical methods in gathering and interpreting market information”. It is the understanding of society’s demand through predominantly scientific testing and reasoning. Scientific marketing requires fluency in statistics and figuring out consumer behavior through demographics and numbers derived from data mining from digital outlets and marketing information systems, focus groups, referring to rivals, experimental research, and tapping into marketing partner expertise. The market research process involves defining the problem and researching objectives, developing...
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...Marketing management is about how you use the marketing techniques such as advertising to market your product and services and at the same time manage the marketing recourses and activities. According to Kolter & Koller. 2006 marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. Marketing consists of the business activities that identify the needs and wants of marketplace, determines which target segments the organization will make offers to and designs appropriate products (McColl 1995). Marketing involves a wide range of activities that enable a business to continuously understand the needs and wants of today’s customers, satisfying them and getting value in return. Through market research a business is able to find out information about markets, target markets and their needs and competitors. Marketing management is both an art and science as it is the way you communicate with the general public to market your products and services and it also involves scientific techniques to gather information of the market in which to market the product and services. From my opinion, marketing is definitely an art because it’s the way you convince one to make a purchase and it mainly focuses on emotional response, consumer experience, brand attributes and the creativeness used and it’s never the same unlike science. In fact, they aren't anywhere. “Marketing...
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...Management is both Art and Science. It is the art of making people more effective than they would Have been without you. The science is in how you do that Management can be said to be the process of working with people and the resources to accomplish organizational goals (Bateman Snell (1999) management building competitive advantage 4th ed.). It could also be said to be the organization as well as the coordination of an organization as it relates to already set out policies and the achievement of certain objectives. Management is both art and science it is the art of making people more effective than they would have been without you. The science is in how you do that, the science of it lies in a manager’s ability to apply the four basic functions of management as he carries out all his/her duties, namely: Planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The most basic of all these functions is the planning aspect, planning is the foundation of any organization, these are the policies that are set in place whether it has to do with long term goals , objectives, profits. These strategies are set in place and used to achieve companies’ goals. Organizing is assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, information and other resources (Bateman Snell (1999) management building competitive advantage 4th ed.). This involves grouping all the resources together and getting them working in order to aid in achieving all the organization’s...
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