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Management Planning

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Management Planning Paper
Maria Christina Gonzalez
. University of Phoenix
MGT 330
15 de julio de 2010
José Figueroa Rodríguez

Management Planning Paper
Una de las ramas más importantes y necesarias dentro de la gerencia empresarial es la planificación. Es la primera parte en la escala de los cuatro componentes a los que se le podría llamar ¨las reglas del juego¨y la regla de oro. Es el escalón principal, la primera parada a realizarse a la hora de organizar y definir una estructura empresarial. Pero aun mencionando esto, la planificación sin duda es un concepto que no estamos del todo familiarizados con él. Dentro de todo ámbito laboral, cultural y social es extremadamente necesario. Aun que se conozca su definición, el mismo no es puesto en práctica de una manera eficiente en nuestra sociedad.
Debemos aceptar que dentro de nuestra cultura puertorriqueña, no se le provee la importancia requerida a este renglón tan delicado y necesario. Dentro de los campos existentes, el empresarial, tal vez se pueda considerar que es la única que la ponga en práctica, aunque no se en su totalidad, sino en su mayoría tomando los principios básicos y los mismos son utilizados. Pero no sucede del todo entre nosotros los boricuas, sino en otras partes del mundo. Aunque es muy cierto que podemos sobresalir por el desconocimiento en el campo, sin embargo existen situaciones en las cuales se planifica con toda la intención de cometer un acto delictivo, o fallarle a algún código de ética. Un buen ejemplo de esto mencionado anteriormente es la compañía proveedor de gas natural y petróleo americano; Halliburton.
Esta empresa fundada en 1898, y la cual basa sus acciones en servicios técnicos para la industria petrolera ha sido objeto en los últimos años de varios escándalos, en conjunto con el gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Ha sido involucrada en investigaciones las cuales siguen abiertas a esta fecha, con respecto a su envolvimiento con el ex Vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos Dick Cheney y la contratación de la compañía de una manera ilegal durante los primeros años de la guerra de Irak. (2003-2006) (Cray, 2010) En la actualidad se encuentra sumergida en la investigación que se realiza como consecuencia de la explosión del pozo petrolero, Deep Horizon en el Golfo de México el pasado mes de abril. Según las fuentes, Halliburton fue la compañía contratada para las labores de cemento de la plataforma es su fase constructiva. (Unknown, 2010)
Son noticias lamentables como esta, en las cuales nos percatamos en la falta de planificación latente que existe en varios gobiernos y según el ejemplo mencionado, dentro del sector privado al igual. Es por situaciones parecidas por las cuales nos vemos entonces en la obligación de analizar nuestro desempeño como gerenciales, que nivel de importancia le proveemos a la planificación en nuestro quehacer diario. La planificación gerencial a diferencia de las otras ramas de la planificación que existen es una que se dirige con exclusividad a un sector en particular, y su objetivo más que nada es obtener unos resultados que sean beneficiosos para la empresa y si su costo es uno minoritario es más conveniente aun.
Para llegar a resultados como este, no es nada sencillo. Hay un debido proceso a seguir, y para eso utilizamos la planificación. Lo primero es encontrar el norte, la meta hacia donde deseamos llegar. Luego entonces comenzamos a ultimar los detalles. Utilizar los recursos tanto de materia prima como los humanos de una manera efectiva es un ejemplo de esto. Utilizando a Halliburton como trasfondo, donde su misión y visión corresponde a ser una de las compañías líderes en cuanto a la industria petrolera se refiere, donde el trabajo de ¨cementar¨ los pozos petroleros es una idea patentizada de ellos. Para lograr cumplir este objetivo debe existir una clara planificación de cómo se ha de utilizar los recursos necesarios para llegar a cumplir dicho objetivo.
Ahora bien, estos ejemplos mencionados son de los más sencillos posibles y aunque porten importancia, hay todo una gama de factores que afectan de una manera u otra la planificación de la empresa. Ya que dentro de las ramas de la planificación no solo está la planificación para un proyecto en especifico, sino los planes a largo plazo o el plan de contingencia si los primeros nos fallan de alguna manera. El impacto legal es una de ellas. Para cada empresa y ser humano hay unos guías en específicos que debemos seguir para lograr la armonía y una sana convivencia como pueblo, y se les ha llamado leyes. Los mismos son cambiantes según las necesidades de la sociedad en cierto momento. Esto causa en algunas ocasiones tener que realizar cambios drásticos en prácticas empresariales los cuales eran rutina de cada día tal vez. Un ejemplo de esto, hace mas de 40 años Halliburton no se veía en la necesidad de velar por sus estándares de construcción y como estos afectan al medio ambiente ya que para ese entonces no existían las regulaciones ambientales tan rigurosas que existen hoy día.
Muy de la mano con este aspecto va la ética. Como la ética ha cambiado la manera de trabajar y ver muchas cosas tanto a nivel empresarial como personal. Además de ser un tema de la actualidad y del interés de muchos por los campos que abarca. Los códigos de ética no serán requeridos por ley pero muchas compañías optan por tener una para así tener un marco más claro acerca de la misión y visión de la compañía en cuanto a empleados se refiere. Además, en conjunto con las regulaciones de las leyes laborales, es favorable para la compañía poseer y promover la ética como una de los objetivos principales. La imagen que posee una empresa ante de los ojos del mundo puede ser un factor clave en las negociaciones futuras. Tal como ocurrió con Halliburton en el 2003, con la controversia de las contrataciones ilícitas que realizaron con el Gobierno Federal de los Estados Unidos con la guerra de Irak. La imagen que se dio a entender al mundo entero, la de ser una compañía sin escrúpulos y apurarse más en sus arcas bancarias que la vida de los soldados que allí se encontraban en el frente de guerra. Esta situación trajo consigo una baja en las bolsas de valores de Halliburton para el año fiscal 2004-2005 y una disolución de las vertientes de productos de guerra y la parte de cemento. (Unkown, 2008).
Con la ética vienen adjuntas las labores de responsabilidad corporativa. En la actualidad se ha puesto en entredicho hasta donde es responsable la compañía por las decisiones que pueda tomar un gerencial. Un ejemplo actual de esto es la reciente explosión de la plataforma petrolera Deep Horizon en el Golfo de México. Halliburton se ha visto involucrada en el escándalo ya que participo en las fases de construcción del pozo. Ahora se analiza la responsabilidad que se le pueda adjudicar a la compañía ya que por falta de equipo, o por utilizar productos de baja calidad ha provocado esta situación de emergencia ambiental. Por esto ya han sido demandados a nivel federal por una de las familias de los empleados que perecieron en la explosión el pasado mes de abril. (Unknown, 2010) Con situaciones como estas las visiones y estrategias de las compañías dan un giro de 360°, en los cuales deben reestructurar muchas vertientes en varios departamentos de la empresa.
Ejemplos como estos son los que provocan en algún momento realizar cambios de una manera drástica en la planificación de la compañía. Por esta razón es que existen unas divisiones en el tipo de planificación. Cada una de ellas va de la mano ya que serán el apoyo de la otra en cierto momento dado. Pero ellas son afectadas por ejemplo por la política. En el caso de Halliburton una apertura para su ex CEO Dick Cheney dentro de la política le produjo a la compañía unos cambios drásticos en sus objetivos. Pasar de ser una compañía pequeña, nacional establecida en Houston Texas, a mover bases de operaciones en Dubai, Emiratos Árabes para realizar de una manera más efectiva sus operaciones en Irak. Esto va en conjunto con la globalización que ha creado todo un fenómeno a todo nivel empresarial posible. El pequeño colmado de la esquina pasa a ser una de las compañías más sólidas del mundo Wal-Mart.
La tecnología es otra vertiente que afecta el orden de una empresa. Dentro de Halliburton, una de sus bases en sus compañías alternas lo era el trabajo en cemento, pero se reestructuro para ser una de los planos más utilizados en cuanto a la industria petrolera se refiere. Un pequeño conocimiento pasó a ser un adelanto en el estilo de construcción de los pozos petroleros el cual es usado aun en la actualidad. Trasformó de una manera colosal el rumbo de la empresa para siempre.
La planificación es la base de todo tipo de trabajo. Sin ella no se conocería hacia dónde dirigir el timón del barco. Por ende andaríamos sin rumbo por el espacio empresarial. Los recursos no serian destinados de una manera adecuada y demás ejemplos que se han provisto. En conclusión, para ser un gerente efectivo y poder dirigir un equipo de trabajo con efectividad debe ser planificado y organizado. Nos cuesta trabajo, pero nada es imposible. Así los incidentes como los mencionados anteriormente se pueden evitar y aun mas, se podrá sacar un mayor provecho a todo, por ende tener más tiempo para enfocar las energías donde sean más necesarios.

Referencias

Cray, C. (2010, Abril). Retrieved julio 10, 2010, from CorpWatch: www.corpwatch.org

Unknown. (2010, abril 30). Halliburton may be culpright in Gulf Explosion. Retrieved julio 14, 2010, from huffingtonpost.com: www.huffingtonpost.com

Unkown. (2008). Halliburton. Retrieved julio 14, 2010, from www.halliburton.com

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