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Enci Shao

Motivation & Management Style

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an interesting way of analyzing the motivation of people to work. According to Maslow, there are five needs: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Physiological needs are the most basic ones of food, water, sleep etc. In a work context, providing pay to an employee allows them to pay for these necessities. Safety needs are the next level of needs and consist of security of health, property, employment, etc. Providing long-term employment without prospects of arbitrary lay-offs provides security. Belonging needs consist of friendship, companionship, etc. Having friendly co-workers can provide for this need. Esteem needs regard respect from others, self-esteem, etc. Rewarding a higher status on a long-term and productive employee can satisfy this need. Finally, self-actualization needs refers to the possibility of realizing someone’s full potential. An employee becoming the best employee of the factory can feel this need satisfied. As pointed out before, people have several different needs, and to some degree, companies can provide for to each of them. The ability of a company to satisfy these needs will ultimately enable it to be retain the best workers and make itself as a place where people want to work and stay for the long-term. Regarding management styles, an interesting concept somehow related to the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is the theory of X and Y managers. An X manager assumes employees are inherently lazy, don’t want to work, and do it only for money. For such employees, strict supervision and threat of punishment is needed. On the other hand, a Y manager assumes employees want to work and try to be the best in what they do. For such employees, not strict supervision is needed and feedback should be mostly based on reward than punishment.

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