...Running Head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSTRAINTS Project Management Constraints Student’s Name University Introduction Efficient project management has become one of the most popular tools for both private and public organizations as project handlers have sought ways to improve their operations. Project managers seek to achieve success across all sectors when handling a project. Technological advancement, new product development and streamlining of business perspectives are examples of targets set by project managers. During the inception of a project, there is the careful planning, organizing and prioritizing available resources achieving the desired outcome or the projected results in the least. At the inception stage, a project seeks to achieve the set target within minimal time while using the least amount of resources. However, every project manager faces challenges during the implementation of a project. Such challenges arise from the presence of different constraints within project management. Background of the study Even though a project manager prefers to achieve success all through, there are instances where resources allocated become minimal. Timeframe awarded to a project may also exceed leading to the scope of a project taking a new approach. Project constraints hinder project success hence the need to address each constraint. Despite the fact that project constraints are not consistent, schedule, resources and quality seem to be popularly present hindering...
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...Triple Constraints of Project Management is defined as the discipline of planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals. The three constraints are: (1) Time/Schedule, (2) Scope/Quality, (3) Cost/Resources. These three important factors are often represented as a triangle. Each constraint forms the vertices with quality added as a central theme. Time, in project management, is analyzed down to its smallest detail. The amount of time required to complete each and every component of a project is analyzed. Once analysis has taken place, those components are broken down even further into the time required to do each task. This allows for the estimate of the duration of the project as well as what and how many/much resources will be need to be dedicated to that particular project. The scope/quality of a project (often called the Scope of Work) is a clear, specific statement as to what has been agreed to be performed/achieved in a particular project. The scope expressly lays out the functions, features, data, content, etc. that will be included in the project at hand. It is also defined as saying that the scope clearly expresses the desired final result of a project. Resources/Cost is element of the Triple Constraints which applies to about what needs to be applied or assigned to the project in terms of money and effort in order to make things happen. This can be resources like manpower/labor, it can be materials needed for the job, resources...
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...Read one paper about Hofstede or Kolhberg « Cultural constraints in management theories » « Management scientists are human ». Find an example company from your country to explain the company development. Hofstede, « Cultural constraints in management theories » To explain these cultural constraints in management theories, I choose the French company Renault. Renault is an historical group, strongly present in Europe. Renault has always been a vector for innovation. It is the 2nd French car manufacturer and possesses three brands: Renault, Dacia and Renault Samsung Motors. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- I/Introduction to the subject The source of the issue takes place in the “Technocentre”, in Guyancourt (Yvelines). This building is the Renault’s neuralgic center, where all futures cars are designed and devised. End of 2006 and beginning 2007, thee employees have committed suicide. The letters leaved revealed harder and harder working condition, harassment and a high pressure put on workers. Since then the auto builder has been sentence for “inexcusable fault” in 2011 and 2012. Second occurrence, in January 2011, three managers have been relieved of their function in an industrial espionage affaire. The evidences used for the accusation seemed after to be false. This scandal made a lot of noise, more than the second. Confidential documents have been revealed by France Info and France Inter. Renault...
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...THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS Key Term The key term I selected is Theory of Constraints. I selected this term because in my Aviation Maintenance profession this term is getting more visibility as we attempt to implement Continuous Process Improvement (CPI). Explanation of the Key Team Satterlee describes Theory of Constraints as the greater gain will come from identifying which part of the process is a constraint to the whole, rather than focusing on increased output from an entire process (p. 247). In support of the key term, I selected the article, “Theory of constraints: a theory for operations management” (Gupta & Boyd, 2008). Major Article Summary The selected article first investigates linkages between Theory of Constraints and the core concepts/components of operations management and shows how operations management concepts can be integrated with Theory of Constraints (Gupta, & Boyd, 2008). Next, the article proved Theory of Constraints has properties essential for a good theory. Within the article it identifies six steps for implementing the theory of constraints and also describes the five-step thinking process designed to organize the thought process involved in approaching a bottleneck and trying to resolve the problem relating to the constraint (Gupta, & Boyd, 2008). Discussion The Theory of Constraints is an important tool for operations managers to manage bottlenecks and improve process flows. Theory of Constraints views organizations as...
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...Theory of Constraints Term Paper BUSN 6070, Summer 2014 In the day and time in which we live, “quality” has come to encompass much more than just product or process conformance. Quality is a requirement for today’s customer regardless of type of product or the price the consumer has paid. But, when producing a quality product there are some constraints. In management, especially quality management there is something called the Theory of Constraints. The Theory of Constraints is defined as: A management paradigm that views any manageable system as being limited in achieving more of its goals by a very small number of constraints. There is always at least one constraint, and TOC uses a focusing process to identify the constraint and restructure the rest of the organization around it. TOC adopts the common idiom "a chain is no stronger than its weakest link." This means that processes, organizations, etc., are vulnerable because the weakest person or part can always damage or break them or at least adversely affect the outcome. (Garrison, Managerial accounting 14th ed.) Have you ever heard the saying, “You can’t put ten pounds of sand in a five-pound bag?” How about, “I’m trying to juggle too many priorities at once.” If you’ve heard (or said) either of these things, you have some sense of the stress that constraints impose on everyone. In many cases, the challenge appears to be not enough time. But, the characteristics of time are inflexible...
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...The Variations of the Classic Project Management Triangle The Project Management Triangle is a widely used phenomenon throughout the world in the current world, which is continuously evolving as well. The project management triangle basically comprises of Time, Cost and Scope and sometimes Quality is also included. The reason these aspects are highlighted as constraints in Project Management, because every project faces problems in all these areas. The best Project Managers are those who are able to balance out these constraints, so they can successfully complete the project. The basic idea followed by this Triangle is that, every project has a cost, a time in which it has to be completed and a set scope which is defined at the start of the project. If anyone of these aspects gets out of the control of the Project Manager, then the triangle will fall from one side. For Example, A project has reached its second milestone, and the Project Manager realizes he is behind the schedule, while the cost and scope are as planned. This means the triangle has fallen on one side. The main question that lies here is how to overcome the challenges faced in managing the triangle, by promising the constraints. These triple constraints and Quality are all very closely related to each other. The main problem for a Project Manager here is that if he concentrates on one aspect of the Triangle, it might negatively impact the other constraint as well. So, to strike a balance is not an easy...
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...achieve this goal is theory of constraints. Theory of constraint (TOC) advocates that existence of constraints in any systems gives opportunities for the management for improvement .Contrary to conventional thinking, theory of constraint view suggest constraint as a factor determining the performances that are positive to the system. Theory of constraint (TOC) seems to be feasible as it does not demand costly systems change. It depends on scheduling leased on constraint exit in the system. This paper gives the overview of the scheduling of theory of constraint (TOC) which...
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...Chapter 5 Theory of Constraints What You Will Find Out About in This Chapter The importance of managing system throughput The differences between cost-world orientation and throughput orientation The importance, and often the difficulty, of identifying constraints The five-step process of constraint management The circumstances in which the theory of constraints is valuable in increasing throughput How throughput accounting and appropriate performance measures can encourage a throughput emphasis Management Accounting for Change: Process Improvement and Innovation 5.1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................85 5.2 MANAGING PROCESS THROUGHPUT ....................................................................................................85 5.2.1 Defining TOC...........................................................................................................................................86 5.3 NATURE OF THE ‘GLOBAL GOAL’ VS LOCAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ........................87 5.3.1 The Global Goal .......................................................................................................................................87 5.3.2 Local Performance Measurement .............................................................................................................87 5.3.3 Conflicts Between Local Performance and the Global...
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...THE MEANING OF PROJECT: A project is a unique venture with specific start and end dates. This is different from an ongoing task that doesn't have an end date. Projects often involve different parts of an organization. Constraints on project include cost, schedule, resources, and quality. There is a give and take between these items i.e. you can't have it all. Usually projects are divisible into stages or phases each with their own set of priorities and goals. A project is an important and carefully planned piece of work that is intended to build or produce something new, or to deal with a problem. The Project Management Institute, U.S.A. has a good definition for it. According to the Institute, a project is a one-shot, time-limited, goal-directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills and resources. It also describes a project as: a combination of human and non-human resources pooled together in a temporary organization to achieve a fixed set of objectives The aforementioned descriptions emphasize that a project does not mean a material body or form, rather it denotes an operation undertaken temporarily to achieve a goal-directed objective within a limited time. In contrast, the Oxford English Dictionary states that a project is "a plan, scheme or table of something; a tabulated statement; a design or pattern according to which something is made; something projected or proposed for execution; a proposal." It is, therefore correct to...
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...Theory of Constraints Theory of constraints (TOC) is about thinking in logical, systematic, or structured. It is about analyzing cause and effect, verifying basic assumptions, exploring alternatives and process improvement. The goal of TOC is to maximize the efficiency of a process selectively at the most critical points and thereby maximize profitability, quality, or other corporate objectives. The TOC has two major components. First, a philosophy that underpins the working principles of TOC. This is often referred to as TOC’s ‘logistics paradigm’ and consists of five steps for on-‐going improvement, the drum-‐buffer-‐rope (DBR) scheduling methodology, and the buffer management information system. This philosophy suggests that the main constraint in most organizations may not be physical, but in fact managerial-‐policy related. To address the policy constraints and effectively...
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...Freeman Dr. Gregory Hart Project Management BUS375006VA016-1118-001 November 27, 2011 1. Compose a synopsis of the case, using a maximum of 120 words. Wilfred Livingston the president of Crosby Manufacturing Corporation had called a meeting with the department managers to resolve the problem they have with their management cost and control systems (MCCS). In order to update the current MCCS and to increase the company’s business base and growth Livingston wants to replace the present computer with more advanced model. They discuss about the feasibility study and the cost and time constraints to implement such a change. The EDP manager adds that they should also do evaluation of vendors besides the benchmarking tests. Livingston appoints Tim Emary, who is inexperienced, as the project leader of the planning group and gives a time line for the project to finish. 2. Discuss whether or not Livingston’s selection of Emary as project manager a mistake. We see in the case study that Crosby Manufacturing Corporation’s president, Livingston, appointed Tim Emary to be project manager over the management cost and control system project. While Emary is a capable planner, he is not from either the formal project management group or the EDP department, functional departments from which project managers usually come. I think Livingston’s selection...
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...Management Accounting Systems Executive Summary The company’s profits are falling and there is a build up of inventory within the production process. This report considers three management systems which could rectify the situation. Considering Theory of Constraints, Just In Time and Programme Evaluation and Review Technique, the report recommends that more information regarding the cause of the problems is undertaken, and a suitable programme of revaluation of the business processes is undertaken. Introduction The role of management accounting in the organisation has become so much more that the reporting of the score to managers (Hansen, Mouritsen 2006). In the wake of the decline of Western Manufacturing and the relevance crisis of management accounting to modern business as outlined by Kaplan and Johnson in ‘Relevance Lost’, the traditional cost accounting approach has been largely replaced by alternative methodologies (Kee, Schmidt 2000). The role of the management accounting in the modern firm is not only to report the score, but to seek to influence the score by using techniques and theoretical approaches to improve the business processes. As such it is important for managers to understand the use and usefulness of a variety of alternatives to traditional accounting approaches, especially traditional cost accounting and look to introduce other techniques which may have practical advantages for the firm (DUGDALE, JONES 1998). There is no one size fits all approach...
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...ABSTRACT Critical Chain Project Management: An Overview Christopher Aitken Director: Elisabeth Umble, Ph.D. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce to the reader Critical Chain Project Management, which is the application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) process to project management. Eli Goldratt describes the process in the book Critical Chain. Applying Critical Chain protocol will improve the projects due date performance and the quality of deliverables, whatever the project or circumstance. To prove these claims this document explores specific case studies of recent implementations of Critical Chain. It then goes back to look at the history of project management and some of the innovations that led to Critical Chain, including an in depth look at Theory of Constraints. It concludes by exploring the TOC approach to causing change in thinking processes and how this would be done for Critical Chain. This document is written to be accessible to any reader regardless of the level of prior exposure to the Theory of Constraints. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS: ______________________________________________________ Dr. Elisabeth Umble, Department of Management APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM: __________________________________________________ DATE: _______________________ CRITICAL CHAIN PROJECT MANAGEMENT: AN OVERVIEW A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Christopher...
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...Blank ntroduction to Management Science, 11e (Taylor) Chapter 2 Linear Programming: Model Formulation and Graphical Solution 1) Linear programming is a model consisting of linear relationships representing a firm's decisions given an objective and resource constraints. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Section Heading: Model Formulation Keywords: model formulation AACSB: Analytic skills 2) The objective function always consists of either maximizing or minimizing some value. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Section Heading: Model Formulation Keywords: objective function AACSB: Analytic skills 3) The objective function is a linear relationship reflecting the objective of an operation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31 Section Heading: Model Formulation Keywords: model formulation AACSB: Analytic skills 4) A constraint is a linear relationship representing a restriction on decision making. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31 Section Heading: Model Formulation Keywords: model formulation AACSB: Analytic skills 5) A linear programming model consists of only decision variables and constraints. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 56 Section Heading: Characteristics of Linear Programming Problems Keywords: model formulation AACSB: Analytic skills 6) A parameter is a numerical value in the objective function and constraints. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31 Section Heading: ...
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...Communications IST210 SEC002 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Scope of Work 4 Project Management 5 Project Resources and Budget 8 User Analysis 10 Organization of Data 14 Database Administration 17 Database Backup and Recovery 19 Legal Issues 22 Works Cited 25 Appendix A – DDL Script 26 Appendix B – Sample Reporting 37 Executive Summary Illuminated Communications offers this solution to meet the growing demands of Flix2You. We understand the limitations of the existing database design and have proposed a new design that will provide Flix2You a more robust database environment intended to capture more customer data. This will address the primary concerns of Flix2You and allow for the understanding of its customer’s habits that it seeks to gain. Included in this document you will find our scope of work, as it has been determined based on the requirements that have been provided. With that we developed a project plan highlight the major milestones from project start to final sign off. Please note that Illuminated Communications will provide comprehensive testing, training, and support past go live to ensure our solution meet the demands of Flix2You. Understanding Flix2You users is important to our design process. We have included an in-depth user analysis to help us build our system to support the needs of all Flix2You user from upper management personnel to database administrators. Illuminated Communications has several modifications to...
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