...1.0 ABSTRACT Managerial Accounting is tools for business decision making. The use of management accounting information is a key for organizational success. This essay will explain on the importance of managerial accounting process in organization to successfully carrying out the day to day as well as long term activities and goals. First, it describes how the evolution and change in managerial accounting. Second, the essay looks at the role of managerial accountants. Third, it explains several function of managerial accounting that tend to contribute the adds value to organization. 2.0 INTRODUCTION According to the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants ( CIMA ), Management Accounting is defined as the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information for both financial and operating used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an organization and to assure use of and accountability for its resources. The Institute of Management Accountants ( IMA ) defined Management Accounting is a profession that involves partnering in management decision making, devising planning and performance management system and providing expertise in financial reporting and control to assist management in the formulation and implementation of an organization’s strategy. Managerial accounting applies to all types of business such as service, merchandise and manufacturing. It also applies to all forms...
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...Reflective Essay Name Institution Date Having bestowed with the responsibility of Accountancy managerial in Southwest airlines, I was tasked with overlooking after all accounting operations in the organization. As an astute manager, I had to observe the contributions of the non–managerial employees as an important contribution that can facilitate the success of the organization. Thus, I took the necessary steps and measures to recognize and consider the efforts of all employees in the organization. This is one of the philosophies that drove me as an accountancy manager in the Southwest Airlines. My philosophy of management was partly derived from the Bolman and Deal philosophy where Harris had quoted a question on how much a manager shows the concern and sensitivity to people. He argues that the amount of consideration and sensitivity that he can show to his/her employees are directly proportional to the few grievances, less absenteeism and lower turnover in the organization ( Bolman & Deal, 2008). Organizational conflicts in the organization are inevitable and as a manager, I would address the competing interest to mitigate the destructiveness caused by the conflicts in the organization. In my managerial style, I try to build attentiveness in building and developing ties with both friend s and allies in order to ease conflict resolutions whenever it arises ( Bolman & Deal, 2008). The flow of communication is what I have given due attention as a manager. Not only...
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...Introduction to Accounting Why Study Accounting? Engineering Accounting • Accounting is pervasive • Used in all types of organizations An Overview Richard S. Barr – For-profit companies – Not-for-profit companies – Governmental organizations 1 2 Organizations Accounting Common characteristics: • An objective or group of objectives • A set of strategies to achieve its objectives • Managers • A key element of management • You must understand what is being reported – – • Managers' performance is often measured by accounting data • This data is used for decision making • An organizational structure – • A need for information 3 Accounting Systems 4 Types of Information • Are the primary quantitative information system in most organizations In accounting systems: • Attention-directing – – Types of information – Purposes of accounting systems • Problem-solving – • Scorekeeping – 5 6 1 Introduction to Accounting Purposes of Acctg Systems Accounting Systems • Internal reporting to managers for planning and control • Internal reporting for special decisions, policies, and long-range plans • External reporting Four Standard Types 7 8 Types of Accounting Systems Financial Accounting 1. 2. 3. 4. • Primarily for the external decision maker Financial Tax Management Cost – – – • External reporting follows legal and GAAP requirements • Objective:...
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...Management Control of Project Portfolio Uncertainty: A Managerial Role Perspective Tuomas Korhonen, Cost Management Center (CMC), Department of Industrial Management, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland Teemu Laine, Cost Management Center (CMC), Department of Industrial Management, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland Miia Martinsuo, Department of Industrial Management, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland PAPERS ABSTRACT ■ This article presents empirical results on different managers’ viewpoints regarding the sources and management of project portfolio uncertainty. As a key result, this study demonstrates the versatility of uncertainties experienced by managers, the limited degree of perceived control over them, the use of an almost complete management control package in managing uncertainties, and the necessity of managers’ cooperation in the skilled use of the management control package when managing uncertainties. In addition, a further research agenda is proposed. KEYWORDS: project portfolio management; uncertainty; managerial roles; management control systems; product development INTRODUCTION ■ n their product development, large companies have adopted project portfolio management (PPM) as a means for prioritizing and selecting product development projects among various options as well as allocating resources with the value maximization, balance, and strategic alignment of the portfolio in mind (Cooper, Edgett, & Kleinschmidt...
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...School of Business MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING Course Syllabus Professor Yun Zhang Phone: 202-994-7532 Suite 601-C Funger Hall Email: yunzhang@gwu.edu 2201 G Street NW Washington DC 20052 Course Introduction Managerial accounting is concerned with the use of accounting data by managers to plan and control (evaluate) personnel and operations of the firm. The focus is on planning, decision-making, and control by the organization and on the accounting systems that managers have to assist them in their decisions about resource allocation and performance evaluation. The course is intended as an introduction for individuals who will make business decisions, evaluate business units, and evaluate others (or be evaluated) through the use of accounting systems. The course will be loosely divided into two topics: cost management systems and managerial control systems. Each topic is briefly described below. Cost Management Systems: The objective of the cost management system is to provide information about the costs of the goods and services sold by the firm. While financial accounting requires that product cost information be accumulated in particular ways for external reporting, the focus in the course will be on cost systems that aid managerial decision-making. We will start...
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...Management Accounting Research 19 (2008) 324–343 Operation of management control practices as a package—A case study on control system variety in a growth firm context Mikko Sandelin ∗ Helsinki School of Economics, Department of Accounting and Finance, P.O. Box 1210, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland Abstract This empirical case study examines the operation of management control practices as a package in a growth firm context by paying particular attention to the couplings among cultural, personnel, action and results controls. The analysis focuses on two different management control packages in the face of similar contingencies at different points of time. The paper argues that the functionality of a control package depends on internal consistency, specifically on the reciprocal linkages of design and use between a primary mode of control and other control elements. Moreover, it argues that control package variety is driven by the way in which the management responds to functional demands. Two different control packages are considered equifinal to the extent of limited operational complexity, whereas an accounting-centric control package is also sufficient in the face of increasing levels of operational complexity. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Management control package; Control system variety; Internal consistency; Functional demands; Equifinality; Growth firm 1. Introduction This empirical case study examines the operation of management control practices...
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...Technological University Syllabus for New MBA Program effective from Academic Year 2011-12 MBA I Semester I Accounting for Managers (AFM) 1. Course Objective: The objective of the course is to acquaint the students with the language of Accounting and to develop in them the ability to evaluate and use accounting data as an aid to decision making. The main purpose is to assist the students in developing skills in problem solving and decision making in the financial area. Emphasis is laid on analysis and utilization of financial and accounting data for planning and control. 2. Course Duration: The course duration is of 36 sessions of 75 minutes each i.e. 45 hours. 3. Course Contents: Module No: Module Content No. of Sessions 70 Marks (External Evaluation) 17 I II Fundamentals of Accounting Basic understanding of accounting, Accounting Concepts, Conceptual framework of financial statements, Accounting Policies, Journal Entries and preparation of accounts - Trial Balance to Balance sheet and profit and loss Account, Recognition of Income and Expenses, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities Accounting Standards and Applicability: Disclosure of Accounting Policies (AS-1), Valuation of Inventories (AS-2), Depreciation Accounting (AS-6), Income Recognition & Accrual Income (AS-9), Accounting of Fixed Assets (AS-10), Accounting for Intangible Assets (AS-26), Accounting for Investments (AS-13), 7 7 17 III IV V Preparing and Understanding Financial Statements : Corporate...
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...IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | Organisation al Behaviour | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 4 | Financial Accounting | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 5 | Operations Management | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 6 | Marketing Management | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 7 | Managerial Economics | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 8 | Business Statistics | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | | | | Total No of Credits | | | 20 | UA: - University Assessment; IA: - Internal Assessment MMS SEMESTER – I (All Specialisations) Perspective Management (15 Sessions of 3 Hours Each) Sem I S. No. | Particulars | Sessions | 1 | * Management : Science, Theory and Practice - The Evolution of Management * Thought and the Patterns of Management Analysis - Management and Society : * Social Responsibility and Ethics - Global and Comparative Management - The * Basis of Global Management – Functions of Management-The Nature and Purpose * of Planning - Objectives - Strategies, Policies and Planning Premises - Decision Making - Global Planning. | 3 Sessions of 3 Hours | 2 | * The Nature of Organizing - Organizational Structure : Departmentation - Line/Staff...
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...Accounting, Organizations and Society 28 (2003) 127–168 www.elsevier.com/locate/aos Management control systems design within its organizational context: findings from contingency-based research and directions for the future Robert H. Chenhall Department of Accounting and Finance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Abstract Contingency-based research has a long tradition in the study of management control systems (MCS). Researchers have attempted to explain the effectiveness of MCS by examining designs that best suit the nature of the environment, technology, size, structure, strategy and national culture. In recent years, contingency-based research has maintained its popularity with studies including these variables but redefining them in contemporary terms. This paper provides a critical review of findings from contingency-based studies over the past 20 years, deriving a series of propositions relating MCS to organizational context. The paper examines issues related to the purpose of MCS, the elements of MCS, the meaning and measurement of contextual variables, and issues concerning theory development. A final section considers the possibility that contingency-based ideas could encompass insights from a variety of theories to help understand MCS within its organizational context. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The three purposes of this paper are to provide a review of empirical, contingency-based research as it has developed...
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...Financial Management & Control – IM07CC CEMS Dr. Marcel van Rinsum Associate Professor RSM Erasmus University Department Accounting & Control mrinsum@rsm.nl Introduction Financial Management Control Systems (FMCS) form the bridge between the organization’s strategy and its operations. Their purpose is to align managerial behaviour and decision making with organizational goals. Although management controls are typically embedded in the organization’s financial management and accounting systems, their design and use should be based on a thorough understanding of how managerial behaviour is influenced by typical control system elements, such as target setting, performance measurement and rewarding. Indeed, while the proper design of management control systems is paramount for organizational performance, organizational failure can often be attributed to poor design of the organizations management control system. Such poor design may result from a limited understanding of the drivers of managerial behavior in complex organizations. Our challenge thus lies in understanding what are crucial design elements of control systems, what design options are feasible, and how the design and use of control systems should match the organizational context in which they operate. This understanding, rather than the straightforward arithmetic often associated with financial management, forms the core of this course. Course design in a nutshell This course consists of a combination of lectures, articles...
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...Introduction. This course provides an introduction to cost management and management control. It is concerned with the generation, use and interpretation of management and cost information and related data by managers under various organizational systems. This information is used for planning and control, decision-making, performance evaluation, and reporting purposes. The course also examines the impact of quantitative information on motivation and organizational communication. This class presupposes some basic knowledge of financial reporting, economics and organizational behavior. Management accounting is a dynamic field and reflects many of the changes seen in business today. We will often use product-based companies to initially discuss a topic, and then expand our discussions to the service and not-for-profit sectors. Financial accounting is externally oriented and governed by fundamental concepts of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In contrast, managerial accounting is internally oriented. Managerial accounting is very context driven. Management accounting is more intuitively understandable than financial accounting. However, the material cannot be learned by ‘thinking’. You must work through the mini-cases, cases and problems, which are assigned for each class. The concepts and techniques must be used to see how they are developed and applied. Discussion in each class assumes you understand the material covered in prior sessions. Therefore...
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...Public Sector’, which is more strategic and corporate in its thinking. This ‘New Public Sector’ is intended to replace a public sector characterized by bureaucracy, professionalism and departmentalism. In this paper we take a specific look at the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) from an accounting perspective to shed light on the influence and changes involved of defining something as an accounting entity. We will look closer at and critically evaluate the issues involved in the representation of NOMS as an accounting entity. Furthermore, we will analyze the implications of the representation of NOMS as an accounting entity on definitions of organizational accountability. Therefore, we look in a next step which aspects of NOMS’ accountability are highlighted in the Accounts and what aspects are left out? Finally we examine what issues, items and risks are kept “off-balance sheet”? And what might be consequences of this. According to Hendrikson (1970) defining something as an accounting entity is to represent an area of interest, to make real and to circumscribe the objects and activities of which financial reports will speak. Therefore the concept of an economic or accounting entity assumes a more or less common agreement that something concrete, bounded and whole...
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...CFOs role in the diffusion of management control systems 29 May 2015 CFOs role in the diffusion of management control systems Abstract Purpose – this paper aims to review the literature on CFOs and their role in diffusing management control systems. Design/methodology/approach – this paper identifies 41 studies from leading academic journals and evaluates 7 of these studies, which deal with CFOs role in diffusing management control systems. The author analyze both research design and actual findings in the field. Findings – The analysis finds that even though characteristics such as education and tenure is shown to have an effect on the innovation of management control systems, there are also contradictions on which characteristics have a significant effect which opens for further research on the subject. Originality/value – the author synthesize the findings and derive a future research agenda. Keywords – CFO, management control systems, upper echelons, literature review Paper type – literature review 1. Motivation Recent papers (Burkert and Lueg, 2013; Hiebl, 2014) suggests that CFOs have become more powerful in recent years and that they are responsible for the diffusion of management control systems across organizations. To examine the role of the CFO in diffusing management control systems, I review literature with a focus on upper echelon characteristics of CFOs and management control systems, which will allow me to clarify the influence CFO characteristics...
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...financial and managerial accounting are made very clear. Financial accounting focuse on organizational-level data for presentation in a business's financial statements, and Managerial accounting focuses primarily on subunit data. Managerial accounting information is used for routine budgeting processes, allocation of managerial bonuses, and pricing decisions, all of which deal with subunits of an organization. The focus of managerial accounting is to develop information to meet the needs of managers within the organization; while financial accounting information is driven primarily by the needs of outsiders, managerial accounting information is driven by the needs of managers. Managerial accounting is much more appealing to me, because managers are more concerned with what will happen in the future than with what has happened in the past. Managerial accounting is for the most part forward-looking, because the past is known, while the future is unknown. The challenges that I would address is for the managerial accounting to have a clear vision to where they see the organization growing and going in the future. They should have a financial advisor helping them workout the plans for the future and making sure that all resources are there to take them to higher heights. The financial accounting is mainly driven by outsiders, what has worked in the past may not work in the future. While financial accounting listen to the outsiders, they need to refocus, redirect, and have control of the organization...
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...II. CLASSIFICATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION/ ACCOUNTING DISCIPLINES 1. The Accounting Profession The accounting profession may be divided into two disciplines, namely private accounting and public accounting. a) Private accounting These are accountants employed by a business firm or a NGO- frequently called management accountants. b) Public accounting This provides services on a fee basis. An accountant may practice as an individual or as a member of a public accounting firm. Public accountants who meet the required education, experience and pass required examinations may become CPA’s. 2. Specialized accounting fields/ branches There are several specialized fields in accounting. The two most common are financial accounting and managerial accounting ( this is based on user’s point of view). Other fields include:- Cost accounting, Environmental accounting, Tax accounting, Social accounting, etc. 3. Management Accounting – Management accounting is concerned with the provision of appropriate financial information to people within the organization (management and employees) to help them make better decisions. – It involves professional knowledge and skills in the preparation, presentation and interpretation of information required by management at all levels of the organizational structure. ← In other words, Management Accounting is concerned with data gathering (from both internal and external sources), analyzing, processing, interpreting...
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