...Practice Exam 2 1. Short Stay Surgery uses a job costing system for all patients who have surgery. The clinic uses a normal costing system with operating hours as the allocation base. For the month of March, estimated total operating hours in the surgery suits were 3,200 hours. The estimated overhead costs for the suites were $640,000. Patient Sarah Handy was in surgery for 2.5 hours. Other costs related to Handy’s surgery include: Patient medicine $ 50 Cost of nurses 250 Cost of supplies 150 a. Determine the budgeted (i.e., estimated) overhead rate for the surgery suites. b. Determine the total costs for Handy’s surgery. c. Short Stay Surgery would like to know which of its services is more profitable so that it can emphasize that service in advertisements. Discuss whether each of the following types of information is relevant for this product emphasis decision: 1) Direct labor (doctors and nurses) 2) Direct supplies and medicine 3) Overhead 2. The Vegan Wagon is part of a chain of restaurants and has been losing money in past months. Part of the problem has been a decline in sales. However, sales are expected to pick up during the summer months. In March, for example, the loss was $2,250. Static Budget Actual Revenue $80,000 $65,000 Costs: Cost of ingredients 24,000 22,750 Serving personnel...
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...1.0 Managerial Accounting Managerial accounting is a field of accounting that provides economic and financial information for managers and other internal users (Weygandt, Kimmel & Kieso, 2012). Managerial accounting is an important internal business function. Many companies use managerial accounting to record and report their internal financial information. There are differences between financial accounting and managerial accounting. Financial accounting focuses on preparing financial reports and releasing information to the public while managerial accounting focuses on preparing financial information for internal review and decision making. Managerial accounting offers several important tools for measuring the company operational performance. Common types of managerial accounting include job costing, process costing, activity-based costing and also budgeting. 2.0 Benefits of Managerial Accounting Practices Towards Business Organization Create Competitive Advantage Management accounting can help businesses create a competitive advantage. Many business owners focus on creating consumer goods with lowest-priced and highest-quality product in the market. The ability to review financial information through managerial accounting is important in creating a financial competitive advantage. In 2010, Maxis Berhad wins excellence award in management accounting from the national award for management accounting (NAfMA). One of the winning criteria is the company ability to create...
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...Financial and Managerial accounting are used for making sound financial decisions about an organization. They provide information of past quantitative financial activities and are useful in making future economic decisions. (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) The same financial data is used to derive reports for each accounting process yet they differ in some ways. Financial accounting primarily provides external reports for external users such as stock holders, creditors, regulating authority and others. (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010) On the other hand Managerial accounting is concern with providing information that deals with the internal viability of the organization and is tailored to meet the needs of an individual organization. (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) Managerial Accounting addresses those aspects that relates to an individual organization return on investments (ROI). (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) A company’s profitability depends on periodic attention to its assets turnover and profit margin. This process is designed to support the de... ... middle of paper ... ...egulator or auditor is going to insist that a company implement a good management accounting system. (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010) The choice of how to collect and utilize information in a company is strictly management’s decision and is a part of the company’s competitive strategy. Financial and Managerial accounting are used for making sound financial...
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...Management accounting in Nepalese perspective The history of account keeping in Nepal by the government is very old. Mandev, the first king of Nepal in Lichhavi period, had circulated the first coin called "Mananka" during the period 464-491 A.D. similarly, King Mahendra Malla had circulated the coin named "Mahendra Malla" in the Malla period. This seems to be the main step to record the nation transactions in a proper way and manner. It is said that a small number of financial transaction used to be performed in Lichhavi and Malla periods. It proves there was a certain form of accounting to record transactions. written records of accounting have been traced back to the 18th centuries in Nepal. After the unification of the nation in 1768(1825 B.S.) by the King Prithivi Narayan Shah the great, the chief of the district level solders used to keep the accounts of the government offices. In 1814 a book called "Laldhadda" was created for recording matters about land management and another book called "Mothdhadda" was also used for keeping accounts. these two records were important steps in the history of accounting in Nepal. Again, after a long gap in 1868 an office called "kitab Khana" was established for recording the salaries paid to government personnel, which is still in use. In the process of development of accounting in 1879 Kharidar Gunawanta, a senior official of that time propounded "Syaha Sresta Pranali" which was an advanced form of accounting and was up to fiscal year...
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...When someone says accounting the thought of the definition seems to be universal. What many don’t realize is that there are different kinds of accounting and different uses with those types. One major and different type of accounting other than the well-known financial accounting is managerial accounting. In the following paper I will discuss what managerial accounting is and how it’s used, the difference between managerial and financial accounting, the users of this accounting, ethics in accounting, and careers in managerial accounting. Managerial accounting is “the process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information for the pursuit of an organization's goals” (Managerial Accounting Definition, 2003). Managerial accounting is also known as cost accounting (2003). Managerial accounting provides an organization with the financial data to perform descriptive analytics. The numbers don’t tell anything about the future, but they can be used to make decisions about the future. Without the numbers that managerial accounting provides no appropriate and good decision making would be being made. Managerial accounting is not like other accounting and major differences exist between managerial accounting and financial accounting. Although they work side by side, managerial accounting concentrates on helping people inside the organization, such as managers, make decisions while financial accounting focuses on providing information to people outside...
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...ACC 122 Career Paper Managerial Accounting Managerial Accounting, also known as Cost Accounting, is defined as: “A branch of accounting that observes and calculates the actual costs of a company’s operations. It is the process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information in the pursuit of a company’s business goals. “ Farlex Financial Dictionary. (2012). Retrieved from: financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Managerial+Accounting Managerial accountants provide information to managers within a company. The managers then use the information to make decisions, prepare external reports, and budgets. They make decisions by analyzing the statements to evaluate performance and control costs in the most efficient way possible to meet the company’s goal. Managerial accountants must have a bachelor’s degree, in some places a master’s degree, and in some states be a CPA. Once a person becomes a managerial accountant they can work in an office or from home depending on the employer. With the rise in globalization, the need for managerial accountants familiar with international finance is also on the rise. Managerial accounting should not be confused with financial accounting as there are many differences between the two, outlined in the following table: Financial Accounting Managerial Accounting Must be accurate and timely Usually approximate but relevant & flexible Is compulsory under company law Except for few industries...
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...1.0 ABSTRACT Managerial Accounting is tools for business decision making. The use of management accounting information is a key for organizational success. This essay will explain on the importance of managerial accounting process in organization to successfully carrying out the day to day as well as long term activities and goals. First, it describes how the evolution and change in managerial accounting. Second, the essay looks at the role of managerial accountants. Third, it explains several function of managerial accounting that tend to contribute the adds value to organization. 2.0 INTRODUCTION According to the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants ( CIMA ), Management Accounting is defined as the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information for both financial and operating used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an organization and to assure use of and accountability for its resources. The Institute of Management Accountants ( IMA ) defined Management Accounting is a profession that involves partnering in management decision making, devising planning and performance management system and providing expertise in financial reporting and control to assist management in the formulation and implementation of an organization’s strategy. Managerial accounting applies to all types of business such as service, merchandise and manufacturing. It also applies to all forms...
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...Introduction Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers- that is, to those who are inside an organization and who direct and control its operations. Managerial accounting can be contrasted with financial accounting, which is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors and others who are outside an organization (Garrison and Noreen, 1999). Managerial accounting information includes: * Information on the costs of an organization’s products and services. For Example, managers can use product costs to guide the setting of selling prices. In addition, these product costs are used for inventory valuation and income determination (Horngren and Foster, pp. 2). * Budgets: A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan. * Performance reports: These reports often consist of comparisons of budgets with actual results. The deviations of actual results from budget are called variances (Horngren and Foster, pp. 3) * Other information which assist managers in their planning and control activities. Examples are information on revenues of an organization’s products and services, sales back logs, unit quantities and demands on capacity resources (Kaplan and Atkinson, pp. 1). Managerial Accounting Practices around the World Traditional managerial accounting systems are mainly designed to measure the efficiency of internal processes. In the 1980’s, traditional managerial accounting practitioners were heavily criticized...
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...Fundamentals of Accounting: Managerial verses Financial Accounting Fundamentals of Accounting acct122 Fundamentals of Accounting: Managerial verses Financial Accounting What has the organization in its focus; futuristic planning, financial control, and data based decision making affecting its reports and suggestions; and an emphasis on relevance and timeliness in its decision making (2012)? The answer to this question is managerial accounting. According to J. W. Jones (2013), a retired managerial accountant, her job and other positions with the title are responsible for reporting financial information to the company’s administration and parties outside of her organization such as stockholders or creditors; however, her focus was the internal accounting services and needs of the business’s management. Mrs. Jones confirms there is a difference between managerial and financial accounting. Her career choice was managerial accounting which specialized in helping gather and communicate the information needed to set the company’s long term objectives and goals for cost control, revenue strengths and weaknesses, and profit data statistics within in local departments, regional and often territorial plants. At times, Mrs. Jones found herself working with certain data regarding customer groups and how they would be affecting that business segment in the future. This differed from financial accounting in that the latter would handle the matter from a historical account...
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...The Use of Managerial Accounting Tools in Toyota Motor Corporation ------------------------------------------------- ACCT 804 The Use of Managerial Accounting Tools in Toyota Motor Corporation ------------------------------------------------- ACCT 804 Managerial Accounting in Toyota Introduction Modern business environment involves high complexity and growing threat of new entrants, which together make potential challenges to business firms today regardless of the industry they involve. A company cannot survive the current market competition unless the management gets adequate information constantly. The concept of management accounting or managerial accounting is of great importance in this context because it can assist the top management to make sound decisions on various matters. This accounting branch embraces accounting systems, methods, and techniques that can help the organization maximize its profits or minimize losses. Scholars opine that management accounting is the presentation of accounting information in a way that would assist the top management to create potential policies for managing its daily operations. Management accounting is not confined to financial management information, but it is about comprehensive information about overall organizational activities. It is evident that financial management alone is not capable of providing necessary information for performing managerial functions effectively. In contrast, management accounting is able to...
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...The Difference Between Managerial Accounting and Financial Accounting ACC 560 Term Paper In this term paper the author will discuss Managerial Accounting and the components of Managerial Accounting. The author will also compare the different components of financial accounting compared to managerial accounting. According to McGraw Hill, Managerial Accounting is concerned with providing information to managers, people inside an organization who direct and control its operations.” (Garrison & Noreen) Financial Accounting according to McGraw Hill “is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors and others who are outside an organization.” (Garrison & Noreen) In managerial accounting a wide variety of reports are prepared. Reports in managerial accounting focus on how well managers and businesses have performed. Most of these reports provide timely, frequent updates on information regarding when orders are received, sales, order backlog, and utilization. Also, according to McGraw Hill, “financial accounting is oriented toward providing a limited set of specific annual and quarterly financial statements in accordance to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).” (Garrison & Noreen) Managerial Accounting does not have too followed the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). For this reason, managers set aside their own rules concerning the content and form of internal reports. The only...
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...ADM 335 ACCOUNTING II: MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING COURSE DESCRIPTION Managerial accounting involves the use of economic and financial information to plan and control many of the activities of the business entity and to support the management decision-making process. The main objective of this course is to explore the relevant issues of cost accounting. Hence, this course examines the acquisition, analysis, and reporting of accounting information from the perspective of effective management decision making, with special emphasis on the planning and control responsibilities of practicing managers. It also familiarizes the student with an electronic spreadsheet package found in today’s business world. TOPICS Topics to be covered in this course: • • • • • • • • • • • • • Managerial Accounting—Definition and Perspective Cost Terms, Concepts, and Classifications Job-Order Costing Process Costing Cost Behavior Analysis Cost-Volume-Profit Relationships Profit Planning and Budgeting Standard Costs and Variance Reporting Flexible Budgets Segment Reporting and Profitability Relevant Costs for Decision Making Statement of Cash Flows Financial Statement Analysis STUDENT—1 ACCOUNTING II: MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING This syllabus has been developed by the faculty of the College of Business and Management at Cardinal Stritch University. © 2014 Cardinal Stritch University Syllabus Control Number: 061614 STUDENT—2 ACCOUNTING II: MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING INTRODUCTION SYLLABUS FORMAT This...
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...Kiki Accounting of Managerial There are thousands of jobs in our society, but I choose accounting of managerial to be my job. Because my major is business manage, and I am studying accounting very well, I think the job of managerial is very suitable for me. Therefore, I would like to talk something about my future job, accounting of managerial. By the influence of the trend of globalization, the foundation of the enterprise business operation happened great change, enterprise management environment uncertainties in the increase, the competition between enterprises as hot as ever, the enterprise had to its business decision and management control system adjustment. To strengthen internal management of the realistic requirement to management accounting put forward new challenges. On the one hand, in the contemporary globalization trend influence, management accounting more and more be external information and the financial information on the impact of the correlation between decision-making, management accounting must adapt to the change; On the other hand, the enterprise organization the internal structure of the change also forced the management accounting in the management control aspect to have the new breakthrough, in order to meet the needs of the management decisions. First, the structure of organization often adopts international division structure. Along with the international sales total sales proportion of growth, many success from the international division structure...
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...------------------------------------------------- Management accounting From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information.Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (February 2012) | Accounting | | * Historical cost accounting * Constant purchasing power accounting * Management accounting * Tax accounting | Major types of accounting[show] | Auditing[show] | People and organizations[show] | Development[show] | Business portal | * v * t * e | In Management accounting or managerial accounting, managers use the provisions of accounting information in order to better inform themselves before they decide matters within their organizations, which aids their management and performance of control functions. Contents [hide] * 1 Definition * 2 Scope, practice, and application * 3 Differences between financial accountancy and management accounting * 4 Traditional vs. innovative practices * 5 Role within a corporation * 6 Specific methodologies * 6.1 Activity-based costing (ABC) * 6.2 Grenzplankostenrechnung (GPK) * 6.3 Lean accounting (accounting for lean enterprise) * 6.4 Resource consumption accounting (RCA) * 6.5 Throughput accounting * 6.6 Transfer pricing * 7 Resources...
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...Guide Welcome to the first week of Cost Accounting. This week, you learn what managerial and cost accounting are and how these relate and contrast to financial accounting. You then learn about the two basic forms of cost accounting—job order and process cost systems. Most importantly, you will consider ethical considerations within managerial and cost accounting. Your work this week is a critical foundation for the entire course. The first chapter presents a thorough orientation to managerial and cost accounting, including the terms and components you will use throughout the course. Then, you will discuss the two most common and basic forms of cost accounting used in American businesses. This will establish a framework for the course. Fundamentals of Managerial and Cost Accounting OBJECTIVE: Identify key components and terminology utilized within cost accounting. Resources: Ch. 1–3 of Managerial Accounting Content • Ch.1: “Managerial Accounting” o Managerial Accounting Basics o Managerial Cost Concepts o Manufacturing Costs in Financial Statements o Managerial Accounting Today • Ch. 2: “Job Order Costing” o Cost Accounting Systems • Ch. 3: “Process Costing” o Process Costing OBJECTIVE: Compare and contrast process and job cost systems. Resources: Ch. 2 & 3 of Managerial Accounting Content • Ch. 2: “Job Order Costing” o Cost Accounting Systems o Job Order Cost Flow o Reporting...
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