...describe the concept of managerial decision-making. It will look specifically at the ‘Rational Decision-Making Model’, exploring the shortcomings of this approach, and will suggest possible ways a manager could overcome these issues when striving to make a rational decision that will bring benefit to an organisation. Throughout this essay, empirical research and examples from academic literature will be presented to illustrate the discussion. Decision-making is arguably the single most important process in an organisation, being a basic task at all managerial levels. (Heraclious 1994) Rational Decision Making can be defined as choices that are consistent and value maximising within specified constraints. (Bergman, Coulter, Robbins & Stagg 2008) The ‘Rational Decision-Making Model’ is a structured process for essentially making a logically sound decision. The model is made up of a series of steps, with the details often varying, but generally including; recognition of the decision requirement, diagnosis and analysis of causes, development of alternatives, selection of alternative, implementation, evaluation and feedback. (Heraclious 1994) A person making a rational decision would be logical, fully objective, and would strive to select an alternative that maximises the likelihood of achieving their goal. (Bergman, Coulter, Robbins & Stagg 2008) There are a number of issues surrounding the effectiveness of the model for rational decision-making, and there has been a considerable...
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...Mitya, 09/14/2015 Managerial decision-making process. Bias. I was a product manager in my German-Polish company in 2009. The company was supplying building materials to the Polish market. Due to non-satisfactory financial results caused by the financial crisis in 2008 I was instructed by my General Director to increase the sales volume of my product portfolio up to 50% by the end of 2010. The product set consisted of aluminum composite panels, building aluminum profiles, and polycarbonate panels. I made a decision to relocate production lines of aluminum profiles from Germany to Poland by using one of our partners’ plants. My decision was based on the largest aluminum trade margin that allowed me to pursue a more flexible pricing policy. As a consequence, it could lead to increased levels of demand at the local market. At the same time simplicity and low cost of tech manufacturing process made this solution less financially risky in case of my managerial decision failure. My product portfolio did not have another alternative that would help me to increase my turnover index up 50% within 1 year. Therefore, I had no other alternatives except for moving the production line to the local Polish market. Plus, it could provide me with factually reduced cost per unit, cost of logistics and, as a consequence, an increase in sales. Back then I followed the exact rational model of decision making process. I conducted a thorough marketing research project. In 2009, I visited all our 20 branches...
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...UNIT IV Managerial Decision Making Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/unit-iv-managerial-decision-making/ 1. Recently, a number of major banks have rejected federal bailout money citing that they did not like the rules that the government placed on them if they took the cash infusion. Research these decisions and report your findings. Discuss how self-serving reasoning could play a part in these decisions? Your answer must be a min. 200 words, try to keep it under 300 words when possible. Must use course textbook as a reference. You can use additional creditable references as needed to answer the question but it is not required. 2. Lately, the stock market has experienced unprecedented volatility – wild ups and downs. Discuss how stock trading has created a lot of this volatility and the decisions for stock traders to buy and sell wildly in terms of hyperbolic discounting. Your answer must be a min. 200 words, try to keep it under 300 words when possible. Must use course textbook as a reference. You can use additional creditable references as needed to answer the question but it is not required. 3. Discuss a recent decision that you made (purchase an automobile or home, change jobs, etc.). How did motivation and emotions influence your decision? Did you experience any internal conflict (a battle between what you wanted versus what you should do)? How did you resolve this conflict? Your answer must be a min...
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...UNIT IV Managerial Decision Making Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/unit-iv-managerial-decision-making/ 1. Recently, a number of major banks have rejected federal bailout money citing that they did not like the rules that the government placed on them if they took the cash infusion. Research these decisions and report your findings. Discuss how self-serving reasoning could play a part in these decisions? Your answer must be a min. 200 words, try to keep it under 300 words when possible. Must use course textbook as a reference. You can use additional creditable references as needed to answer the question but it is not required. 2. Lately, the stock market has experienced unprecedented volatility – wild ups and downs. Discuss how stock trading has created a lot of this volatility and the decisions for stock traders to buy and sell wildly in terms of hyperbolic discounting. Your answer must be a min. 200 words, try to keep it under 300 words when possible. Must use course textbook as a reference. You can use additional creditable references as needed to answer the question but it is not required. 3. Discuss a recent decision that you made (purchase an automobile or home, change jobs, etc.). How did motivation and emotions influence your decision? Did you experience any internal conflict (a battle between what you wanted versus what you should do)? How did you resolve this conflict? Your answer must be a min...
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...Chapter 03 Managerial Decision Making True / False Questions 1. (p. 88) Managers often ignore problems. TRUE AACSB: Other management-specific knowledge/abilities Blooms taxonomy: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1 2. (p. 89) Managers typically face ill-structured problems, leaving the decision maker uncertain about how to proceed. TRUE AACSB: Other management-specific knowledge/abilities Blooms taxonomy: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1 3. (p. 89) Bill Simmons is the manager of a small restaurant and must decide how much money he owes his suppliers. This is an example of a non-programmed decision. FALSE AACSB: Other management-specific knowledge/abilities Blooms taxonomy: Application Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1 4. (p. 89, Table 3.1) Programmed decisions are useful when there is no predetermined structure on which to rely. FALSE AACSB: Other management-specific knowledge/abilities Blooms taxonomy: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1 5. (p. 90) Risk is not a fact of life in management decisions. FALSE AACSB: Other management-specific knowledge/abilities Blooms taxonomy: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1 6. (p. 90) According to research, managers prefer uncertainty to certainty because it makes the job more challenging and interesting. FALSE AACSB: Group/individual dynamics Blooms taxonomy:...
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...present, the company operate with 300 retail stores in ten countries and an online store through which it sells its hardware and software products (Apple Inc., 2010). The thesis statement of this research report is that, what kind of management approaches are used by Apple Inc. to manage the different functions such as planning, organizing and controlling, so that company can make strategic planning and effective decision making process. Management Approaches of Apple The approaches of managing people in the firm uses by Tim Cook are quite different from the approaches used by Steve Job. Steve Job was a great entrepreneur, who had follow hub-and-wheel management approach to organize a multinational corporation; on the other hand, Tim Cook is more cooperative than Steve Job and follows the management theory of Taylor’s scientific approach and theory of the human relations approach (Finkelstein, 2013). Although the management approach of Steve cannot be questioned but he was demanding and aggressive and handled all the planning and decision making processes through a decentralized structure, as his approaches was based on theory of Fayol, as per that manager plans, organizes, commands, co-ordinates and controls all the activities and processes (Adetule, 2011). Further, Tim Cook is more...
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...1. Is it fair for a luxury goods company to raise prices on their "It" bag of the season? Why or why not? It seems fair for a number of reasons. First, the price is one of the reasons why the bag is so special. If many people can afford it, it will loose its ‘desirability’ and the sense of its ‘uniqueness’. Second, no one forces them to buy this bag for the high price, as this is not an essential good and people can live without it. Third, company raise prices, because they know that the demand for the items will be high even with the new price, even though it is not an essential product. 2. Upon graduation, you are offered a job at a good company for $55,000, non-negotiable. You find out the company offers $62,000 to graduates of NYU and Columbia. Do you take the job? Why or why not? I will take the job if I am satisfied with the offer. It seems fair that students from more prestigious universities get the higher wages. There is an assumption that NYU and Columbia have more sophisticated programs and great professors, so the average graduates have more knowledge and training for the future job. Also, many people think that it is harder to get into these universities, so the students are very hard working and aim for the best results. Some people might think that this is unfair since students are evaluated based on the school profile or how great the school is and overlook the actual knowledge they have. However, after some time, in most cases the good employee will get...
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...Topic: “Elasticity of Demand and Managerial Decision Making” The demand of a commodity depends on the size of the total market or industry demand for the commodity which in turn is the sum of demands for the commodity of the individual consumers in the market. The demand for a commodity arises from the consumers’ willingness and ability to purchase the commodity. Consumer Demand Theory postulates that the quantity demanded of a commodity is a function of the price of the commodity, the consumers’ income, the price of the complementary and substitute commodities and the taste of the consumer. It is also expressed as: Qdx=f(Px, I, Py, T) Where Qdx = Quantity demanded of the commodity X by an individual per time period Px = Price per unity of commodity Y I = Consumer income Py = Price of substitute or complementary commodity T = Consumer taste When the firm increases the price of a commodity, sales generally decline. A manager expects an inverse relationship between the quantity demanded of a commodity and its price. On the other hand, when a consumer’s income rises, he/ she usually purchases more of most commodities, known as normal goods. There are some goods and services, however, which the consumer purchases less as income increases, which are termed as inferior goods. The inverse relationship between the price and the quantity demanded of the commodity per time period is the individual’s demand schedule for the commodity, and the plot of data gives...
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...Managerial Decision Making Research and Analysis Teresa Grass BUS640: Managerial Economics Instructor: John Sellers August 11, 2014 During the process of this paper there will a discussion on the history of Apple mistakes in its choices to over time, risk or indecision in its operations along with financial reports to show uncertain activities and risky, their non-price competitive strategies, regulations of the government that affect Apple’s operations, the increase including the decrease of its product cost over period of time including why they varies, the inputs utilized by the company’s challenges and production function to safeguard these inputs, analysis that Apple is one of those companies that you enjoy their products or you them, and the new products that Apple has presented into the markets. Many of this occurs because of their leadership along with attitude of the business in the past. At the current time Apple is quite successful they are on the top of their market, it’s very important for Apple remain to make great choices. Steve Jobs death along with having new senior managers currently making choices for the company means they are being looked at very closely this will create great rise and fall in the company. This company began in 1976, and then they unified as Apple Computer, Inc. in 1977. In January 2007 the expression “Computer” was disconnected from its original name, after opening of the IPhone it showed its move towards consumer electronics...
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...Economics for managerial decision making: Market structure Charles Brown Jr ECO/561 October 04, 2010 Frank Kingsland Economics for Managerial Decision Making: Market Structures Basis for the case study Each of the four cycles in this simulation relates specifically to the four market structures — monopoly, oligopoly, imperfect competition, and perfect competition. The learner plays the role of the newly appointed Chief Executive Officer of Quasar. As the CEO, the learner will approve decisions on the pricing of Neutron based on the cost and revenue structures for each market structure that Quasar transitions through. Cycle 1 – 2003 - Monopoly In this cycle, Quasar Computers introduces Neutron, the world's first all-optical portable notebook computer. This cycle is divided into three steps, each of which requires the learner to take a decision that will increase the profits for the firm. Decision points Step 1 - The price at which Neutron should be introduced to the market is ___2550_____? Step 2 - The advertising budget to be allocated and the price for Neutron is ____2,450___? Step 3 - The amount to be invested on internal processes improvements and the price for Neutron is _2200_____? Discussion question In spite of being a price-setter (a company that can set its own price), why would a monopoly player choose to pursue cost reduction and demand stimulation strategies? They would pursue a cost reduction and demand stimulation strategy by...
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...Managerial Decision Making and Organizational Change Two very important aspects of good leadership include managerial decision-making and managing organizational change. The two are closely related, enough so that for one to be affective the other has to be just as successfully managed. A good leader possesses the quality of good managerial decision-making, learning from experience, creating change, diversity and creative decision-making (Hellriegel, 2011). A successful leader is also one who is organized in the process of change (Hellriegel, 2011). Today’s leaders have different challenges than managers of businesses from over a decade ago. New technology has helped coordinate structure more efficiently and improved cost performance (http://www.kmbook.com /change/). As recently as the 1980’s new stresses such as balancing with shareholders, narrowing down operating efficiency, working with world markets and an entirely new form of competition, have all increased the demand for leaders good decision making and creating organized change. The success of any business heavily relies on these two factors. One of the key factors in a successful manager managerial decision-making that relies on: learning from experience, creating change, diversity and creative decision-making (Hellriegel, 2011). Learning from experience is a vital piece of decision-making as it helps figure out what a business should and should not do again. Three pieces to this process include assessing...
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...Introduction This review paper shines a light on how vital the use of economic tools is in making managerial decisions as reflected in the simulation. Decision making process of management is described in different market structures. Just as it pertains to any for-profit business organization, the goal is to cut and maximize profits in each type of market structure. Based on the information provided in the simulation, Quasar Computers were involved in an extensive research in developing a pioneer product “the Optical Notebook.” In 2003, the company launched the first all-optical notebook computer and branded it the “Neutron”. This product is described as an energy saving optical technology with its rechargeable batteries capable of lasting up to three days; hence, transcending it into a leading technological product in its unique class. With the assistance of senior executives in the company, the decisions on operational and business strategies relative to a variety of market conditions are taken and discussed. Monopoly Quasar emerged as the only player in the market for its unique optical notebook computer; therefore, establishing a monopoly market structure. Within this monopolist market structure, maximizing profit tends to occur at the point where marginal cost equals marginal revenue based on the result shown by toggling the demand curve. In the initial scenario, it was presented that Quasar had the patent rights on all-optical technology for three years from the launch...
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...Fundamentals of Accounting: Managerial verses Financial Accounting Fundamentals of Accounting acct122 Fundamentals of Accounting: Managerial verses Financial Accounting What has the organization in its focus; futuristic planning, financial control, and data based decision making affecting its reports and suggestions; and an emphasis on relevance and timeliness in its decision making (2012)? The answer to this question is managerial accounting. According to J. W. Jones (2013), a retired managerial accountant, her job and other positions with the title are responsible for reporting financial information to the company’s administration and parties outside of her organization such as stockholders or creditors; however, her focus was the internal accounting services and needs of the business’s management. Mrs. Jones confirms there is a difference between managerial and financial accounting. Her career choice was managerial accounting which specialized in helping gather and communicate the information needed to set the company’s long term objectives and goals for cost control, revenue strengths and weaknesses, and profit data statistics within in local departments, regional and often territorial plants. At times, Mrs. Jones found herself working with certain data regarding customer groups and how they would be affecting that business segment in the future. This differed from financial accounting in that the latter would handle the matter from a historical account...
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...1.0 Managerial Accounting Managerial accounting is a field of accounting that provides economic and financial information for managers and other internal users (Weygandt, Kimmel & Kieso, 2012). Managerial accounting is an important internal business function. Many companies use managerial accounting to record and report their internal financial information. There are differences between financial accounting and managerial accounting. Financial accounting focuses on preparing financial reports and releasing information to the public while managerial accounting focuses on preparing financial information for internal review and decision making. Managerial accounting offers several important tools for measuring the company operational performance. Common types of managerial accounting include job costing, process costing, activity-based costing and also budgeting. 2.0 Benefits of Managerial Accounting Practices Towards Business Organization Create Competitive Advantage Management accounting can help businesses create a competitive advantage. Many business owners focus on creating consumer goods with lowest-priced and highest-quality product in the market. The ability to review financial information through managerial accounting is important in creating a financial competitive advantage. In 2010, Maxis Berhad wins excellence award in management accounting from the national award for management accounting (NAfMA). One of the winning criteria is the company ability to create...
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