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Государство исторически развивающееся явление, т.е. его роль и значение рассматривались применительно к конкретно-историческому периоду его развития, с использованием тех объективных факторов, которые характерны для данного периода. Это есть продукт общественного развития, т.е., применительно к государственно-организованному обществу, оно является основной управляющей системой.
Госуда́рство — особый институт политической системы, организующий, направляющий и контролирующий совместную деятельность и отношения индивидов, общих групп, классов.
Государство оперирует определёнными методами сохранения и поддержания государственной целостности, суверенитета, правопорядка, традиций внутри общества, устанавливает определённый порядок взаимоотношений между гражданами Государства, и вовлекает в свою деятельность всё население на cобственной и других территориях, в соответствии с международными соглашениями Государства. Порядок взаимоотношений между членами общества и применения власти определяется конституцией, законами и другими правовыми документами государства, которые являются частью устройства государства; а также традициями, сформировавшимися внутри государства, в исторической действительности.
В современных капиталистических государствах, его основными целями трактуются: сохранение взаимоотношений между членами общества, заключающихся в обеспечении определённого уровня безопасности жизни и собственности людей, то есть безопасности их личной, научной, творческой и коммерческой деятельности; реализация и сохранение общих для членов общества материальных и духовных целей и ценностей, таких как свобода, мораль, справедливость, медицина, образование, дороги, экология.

Признаки государства: (характеристики отличающие государство от других полит.организаций.
1-наличие публичной власти, выделенной из общества, и не совпадающей с населением страны (государство обладает аппаратом управления, принуждения, правосудия ибо публичная власть это чиновники, армия, суды, тюрьмы.)
2-система налогов и сборов, выступающей основной доходной частью бюджета государства, для содержания аппарата.
3-территориальная организация, территория государства очерчена гос-ой границей.
Государство объединяет и защищает своей властью всех людей населяющих его территорию, независимо от принадлежности к роду, учреждению. К гос.территории относится земная поверхность, внутренние воды, воздушный столб, недра, территория посольств, консульств за рубежом, борт военных, космических кораблей, находящихся в нейтральных водах.

Связь с правом гос-во не может существовать без права, так как право определяет юр.рамки и формы осуществления функций государства.
-монополия на правотворчество, издает законы, подзаконные акты.
-монополия на легальное применение силы, физического принуждения, возможность лишить граждан свободы
-устойчивые правовые связи с населением, проживающим на его территории (гражданство, подданство)
-обладание определенными материальными средствами для проведения своей политики (гос.собственность, бюджет, валюта)
-монополия на официальное представительство всего общества.
-суверенитет, т.е. самостоятельность гос.власти внутри страны и ее независимость на международной арене. Включает основополагающие принципы, единство, неделимость территории, неприкосновенность границ, невмешательство во внутренние дела.
-наличие гос.символов, герб, флаг,гимн.

Сущность государства – это наиболее характерное, значимое, определяющее его содержание, социальное назначение и функционирование.
Главное в сущности гос-ва его содержательная сторона, то чьи интересы оно прежде всего осуществляет, какие приоритеты устанавливает в своей политике.
Подходы к сущности государства.
-классовый подход. Госво можно определить как организацию полит.власти экономически господствующего класса. Госво используется в узких целях, как средство для обеспечения интересов господствующего класса. Рабовладельческие, феодальные, социалистические госва выступают классовыми.
-общесоциальный подход. В рамках которого госво это организация полит.власти, создающее условия для компромисса интересов различных классов и соц.групп. здесь госво используется в более широких целях, как средство для обеспечения интересов общества, разных слоем, находя компромисс. Конечно это пока больше идеал нежели реальность, хотя есть ряд стран приближен к этому подходу, Австрия, Швеция, Германия.
-В рамках религиозного подхода, организация полит.власти преимущественно осуществляет интересы определенной религии (Католики – Ватикан)
-национальный подход, можно определить как организацию полит власти преимущественно содействующую осуществлению интересов титульной нации, за счет удовлетворения интересов других наций, проживающих на территории данной страны. (Латвия проводит поддержку лишь коренных народов, ущемляя интересы других наций)
-расовый подход можно определить организацию полит власти преимущественно содействующую осуществлению интересов определенной расы, за счет удовлетворения интересов других рас, проживающих на территории данной страны.
Сущность государства многоаспектна, она не сводится только к классовым и общесоциальным началам. Социальное назначение государства вытекает из его сущности, какова сущность, таков и характер деятельности, таковы и цели, задачи которые оно перед собой ставит.
Говоря о сущности государства и существующих в научной литературе подходов в ее понимании, следует отметить, что государство может рассматриваться как «объединение людей, подчиненных праву, интересы которых выражают властные органы», либо как «система институтов публичной власти, аппарат управления, обособленный от общества и выражающий его интересы или интересы каких-либо групп.
Таким образом, в зависимости от различных научных пониманий (подходов) в сущности государства можно выделить два подхода:
1. способность выражать общезначимые интересы большинства (общесоциальная сущность);
2. способность представлять интересы экономически господствующего класса, или отдельных социальных групп (классовая сущность).
Кроме того, говоря о сущности государства, следует отметить, что ее внутреннее содержание также составляют перечисленные признаки, которые отличают государство от негосударственных институтов и общественных организаций
Форма государственного устройства
Унита́рное госуда́рство — форма территориального устройства, при которой его части являются административно-территориальными единицами и не имеют статуса государственного образования. В отличие от федерации, в унитарном государстве есть единые для всей страны высшие органы государственной власти, единая правовая система, единая конституция. На сегодняшний день большинство суверенных государств являются унитарными. Как правило, крупные по численности населения государства являются федерациями (Китайская Народная Республика является исключением). Субъекты федеративного государства не могут быть унитарными, поскольку они не имеют суверенитета в полном объёме, а обладают лишь некоторыми его признаками. * Централизованное; * Децентрализованное; * Сложное; * Простое; * Национальное.
Федерация (фр. federation, от позднелат. foederatio — объединение, союз):
Федера́ция (лат. fœderatio — объединение, союз) — форма государственного устройства, при которой части федеративного государства являются государственными образованиями, обладающими юридически определённой политической самостоятельностью[1]. * Территориальная (административная); * Национальная; * Национально-территориальная; * Централизованная; * Симметричная; * Конституционная; * Договорная; * Дуалистическая; * Кооперативная.
Конфедера́ция — союз суверенных государств для достижения конкретных целей, при котором объединившиеся государства, полностью сохраняя суверенитет и значительную независимость, передают часть своих собственных полномочий совместным органам власти для координации некоторых действий. Как правило, это внешняя политика, связь, транспорт, вооружённые силы. В отличие от членства в одной федерации, государство может быть членом нескольких конфедераций одновременно. Исторический опыт показывает, что конфедерация весьма неустойчива: она либо распадается, либо преобразуется в федерацию.

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...Decisions in Paradise JUMA SHALABI University of Phoenix MGT 350 Bridget Peaco 06-04-2012 The purpose of this paper will be to study primary thoughts for the development of a new Furniture store on the South Pacific island of Kava. Nik works at a furniture retail store as a marketing specialist and is hired to make decisions that will impact the company on the long term. He was assigned to research and gather information for the island of Kava and present it to the owners of Orleans Furniture. The research will conclude valuable information on the island which will help Orleans furniture determine the variety of the items that should be carried. Orleans’s mission is to be a unique business that will help the working force coming from all over the world to purchase products that make them feel like they are home. Nik’s success depends on how he can define the matters that are involved in formulation of the problem. Nik had to consider the stakeholders that will be affected by the decision thru researching the environment in kava and how can it be a threat to the organization. Moreover, Nik should apply critical thinking in his decision making process before he presents it to Orleans furniture. Nik’s main problem was to collect valuable information in order to present it to the owners of Orleans furniture and weather it’s a convenient to establish a business in Kava. However, earlier to providing any recommendation, Nik had to consider some reasons involved in the formulation...

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...1) The inhuman and pathetic working conditions, lack of proper collective bargaining and minimum wages created a kind of uneasiness among both the permanent and contract the workers in the plant. More than 65% of the people at Manesar are non-permanent labourers, working without any job or social securities. There is a drastic difference between the average monthly incomes of both categories. A permanent worker is gets rupees 17000- 21000 per month but paradoxically contract workers get only 7000 for the same work. According to contract labour (regulation and abolition) act 1970 and contract labour (regulation and abolition) central rules 1971 1) it is illegal to employee contract labour where work is perennial and happens on a day to day basis. Above all these open violations of Labour laws, the work conditions created by the management in the workplace are quite inhuman 2)Workers at the plant get two leisure times of 7.2 minutes each per day, which is not even sufficient to go to the canteen and toilet, half kilometres away from the workplace. Violation of chapter 5(16, 17) 3)They get only 9 leaves per year and the management can deduct Rs 1500 for extra leave and half day salary for even one minute late coming. The incident begins when an abusive and casteist remark against a Dalit worker by a supervisor led to a dispute. The company without any enquiry suspended the worker (the complainer) on that day itself instead of initiating action against the supervisor ...

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...Assignment 2 Q: 1 What is the difference between the emotion and attitude? Give example of each. Emotions and attitudes in the workplace play a large role in how an entire organization communicates within itself and to the outside world. Events at work have real emotional impact on participants. The consequences of emotional states in the workplace, both behavioral and attitudinal, have substantial significance for individuals, groups, and society. Emotions are defined as the expressions of feeling caused by something or someone which can be differentiated by duration, quality and intensity. It becomes visible through verbal and non-verbal communication. Emotions are feelings, psychological state and biological state that incline a person to act in a certain way. One' emotions trigger behavior aimed at the emotion's stimuli. When a person has strong emotions, many bodily changes occur. For example, the physical components of fear include an increased heartbeat, a rise in blood pressure, an increase in adrenaline secretions, an elevated blood sugar level, a slowing of digestion, and a dilation of pupils. Some of these changes are recognizable to the person having them. Psychological part of it is represented in changes involve a person’s appearance: blushing, sweating, and so on. Other changes involve behavior: a distinctive facial expression, posture, gestures, different vocal tone and rate, and so on. On the other hand, attitudes reflect a person's likes and dislikes...

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