...individuals and prepare them to enter the society with a different state of mind and start a new distant from the crime life.” In modern penology, the real purpose of sending criminals to prison is to transform them into honest and law abiding citizens by inculcating in them distaste for crime and criminality” (US-China Law Review; Mar2010, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p15-29, 15p). In United States of America the correction system provides many programs that are designed in order to rehabilitate inmates. Some of those programs include religion related services like Bible study groups or religious congregations. The other forms can include art crafts, sports, found raising activities or prison work assignments. For those offenders that are struggling with addictions, there are drug and alcohol treatment programs that offer anonymous group meetings. Also, definitely as a one of very supportive programs is visitation with family and nonfamily outsiders. Parole it is a supervision that offender receives after being released from the prison. It is a similar to probation method of supervision when it comes to its conditions. Just like on probation, while on parole the convict has to obey the law, stay away from substances like drugs and alcohol and report to his or her officer until the parole is over. The word parole came from old French parole d’honneur which means “word of honor” (Burk Foster, Corrections The Fundamentals). In United States of America parole came to life at the end of 1800’s and by...
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...Introduction The issues of mandatory sentencing have been affecting the prison forecasts, tax revenue, over-crowding in prisons, as well as flooding the court systems and backlogging cases. Mandatory prison sentences take the discretion away from prosecutors, as well as judges. An Inmate who is sentenced under a mandatory sentence does not qualify for early release, good time while in prison, and in most cases, the offender is not required to complete any supervision after release, due to the fact that he or she has fulfilled the obligations of his or her sentence. Several states, including the State of Oregon, have introduced legislation to reform their mandatory minimum sentences. With budgetary constraints in the volatile economy, the government cannot afford to continue to incarcerate individuals without the ability to modify sentences, supervision, etc. How courts are affected by mandatory minimum sentences Congress, as well as some of the state legislations introduced mandatory sentences in the 1970s and 1980s. These mandatory sentences forced the court system to hand down fixed prison sentences to those convicted of certain criminal acts. The lawmakers felt by enacting these sentences then it would help in the battle against the drug trade and hopefully prevent individuals from entering. However, while it did assist the courts in certain areas it has also been detrimental to the court system. According to "Prisonpolicy.org" (n.d.), the mandatory sentencing laws did six...
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...countries. In order to defend or protect the country, the United States has to have a military, including all branches of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The establishment of the military will be different in other countries. In some countries, they require military service or call conscriptions. In this field, there are some countries that require it; such as, Brazil, Germany, Israel, Switzerland, South Korea, Mexico, and Russia (Gill 3). However, in other countries, they just have volunteers to join in armies, including Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In both types, supporting or attempting to disprove, try to convince the population in this country by showing facts, opinions, and also research. This essay focuses on some good reasons for having a mandatory military, and good reasons for having a volunteers. Mandatory military provides so many opinions from the opposite sides; such as, immoral, little motivation to properly serve in the armed forces, and also saving money for the country (Gilroy 20). However, the draft would increase the standards for recruitment, expand the Army to the sufficient size, provide sufficient forces to fight in the wars, and gives a chance for young people to develop their future (Yingling 15). In the beginning, conscription or popularly known in the United States as "The Draft" means compulsory enrollment of persons for military or naval service requested by some established authorities. Nowadays, it means...
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...Any person who commits a crime has to do the time, even if that time is in jail, participating in community service, or being confined to specific limits through house arrest. Sentencing a criminal their time of punishment is reasonable, it’s the amount of time these convicts are being sentenced under mandatory minimum sentencing that is the root of the problem. Mandatory minimums have been sparking controversy throughout America for quite some time. These sentences have been seen as the most outrageous sentencings for nonviolent criminals. This problem raises a major question: Should criminals charged with nonviolent crimes be given mandatory minimum sentences? Mandatory minimum sentences are sentences that require a criminal, convicted...
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...system has an obligation to impose fair sentences. The United States Sentencing Commission is the result of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 that had laws created to ensure that sentencing was fair from state to state, and a judge provided proof of that sentencing was indeed black and white. To eliminate the possibility of being unjust, the government became involved in creating guidelines on the punishment that was rendered based on the type or types of crimes an individual committed. Sentencing guidelines were imposed to set the terms that would fit the crime some of the sentencing may be a payment of a fine, community service, incarceration, the death penalty, and or probation and parole. Throughout the years there has been a concentrated effort to standardize the sentencing especially in felony offenses, and to diminish judicial discretion in sentencing. Due to this there is a perception by lawmakers and the public that arbitrary or discriminatory practice with fair and just sentencing in certain cases and or crimes. “The Federal Government and 16 States have implemented presumptive or voluntary/advisory sentencing guidelines. Each of these states has established guidelines for different purposes and most of them were asked to meet multiple goals, including punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. The biggest impact on the sentencing guidelines are the mandatory prison sentences that carry an array of offenses, including...
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...prevent contracting it if they are traveling to West Africa. Those citizens who have been in contact with infected individuals need to know that they have support and the availability to quarantine for the first 21 days they are back in the country. Anybody, regardless of their citizenship, coming into this country through Newark airport should be educated about the disease, the symptoms and their options in regard to possible contraction. Enacting legislation to support a voluntary 21-day quarantine is in the best interest of our citizens. Making it optional and reiterating to the public the facts about the disease will lessen the hysteria surrounding the virus. Making sure that there are health services available to all people who may be infected and that all people know that the health services are there is...
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...The Bath Riots of 1917 were a series of protests and demonstrations led by Carmelita Torres. These riots took place in El Paso, Texas, and were a response to the mistreatment and abuse of Mexican women from soldiers stationed at the Santa Fe International Bridge disinfecting plant. During the mandatory disinfection, all Mexicans entering the country had to go through humiliating and dangerous baths. In 1917, scared that a recent outbreak of typhus in Mexico could find its way to the United States, the Public Health Service instituted mandatory disinfection for all Mexicans entering the country. Having heard that workers at the facility would regularly photograph women nude as they underwent this process, Carmelita Torres, who crossed the border...
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...Why is the Incarceration Rate in the US so high? The United States has about 300 million residents, about 5 percent of the total world’s population, but the prisons in the United States account for 25 percent of the world’s inmates. This statistic gives the United States the highest incarceration rate in the world with 743 of every 100,000 people behind bars (Levin 2013). On the other hand, Canada, our northern neighbor only has 113 per 100,000 of its citizens in prison (Levin 2013). So the question is, what really is behind the high incarceration rate in the United States? The difference is substantial and cannot be ignored; the incarceration rate in the U.S. is nearly 6.5 times larger. This is a staggering statistic and begins to raise some valid concerns, could it be that the United States court system is structured in a way that unfairly treats criminals? Or could it be that people in the United States just commit more crimes per capita than the rest of the world? The latter doesn’t seem like a plausible explanation, the United States and Canada are so similar it almost seems unrealistic to assume that the crime disparity could be so wide. That leaves us with the idea that the United States court systems unfairly treats criminals or just treats criminals harsher than any other developed country in the world. This thought is certainly very frightening and should be a concern for every United States citizen. Even though most people are good, law-abiding citizens, sometimes...
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...The Function of Parole in the United States When the subject of parole comes up many things come to mind, such as who make the decisions to release inmates from prison, who is on parole, who supervises them and how, who sends them back to prison, does it work, is it effective, is the community safe, and so on. To begin, lets define what parole is. Parole is a method of releasing offenders from prison prior to the expiration of their sentence (McCarthy and Leone, 121). Inmates are screened for the suitability for release based upon the risk they pose to the public (McCarthy and Leone, 121). If for some reason the parolee’s performance on parole is unsatisfactory, then they may have their parole revoked and be returned to prison. Some people think that parole is a waste of time and that offenders should just be left in prison to do their time and that is that. However, other people think that these offenders have a chance at being rehabilitated with parole and can help them become better people. I think if some of these offenders have been doing well in prison and can be released early under supervision of a parole agency, then they deserve a chance to try and make their lives better for themselves and even their loved ones. This kind of a program could really help some of these offenders get their lives back on track and get them stepping on the right path again. Parole, however, is not for every offender. Some offenders may get released on parole, but do not end up meeting...
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...Mandatory Service People are fond of saying that this is a free country. What they are less apt to state is that freedom is not free. There is a cost to maintaining the freedoms we so often take for granted. In furtherance of that cost I would propose a coast amendment that all able-bodied young Americans devote at least two years of their lives in support of their country. That support would be in the form of military or civil duty. This country was founded by individuals who gave their time, money and sometimes lives to create a society where all have the same opportunity to succeed, or at the very least are not barred from succeeding. That opportunity comes with a cost. Monetary cost in the way of taxes to support this system. Also costs in the way of manpower and intellect. It is my belief that the intellectual support is as important, if not more so, then the physical. Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison’s work in the federalist papers, can be argued, were as important to the American Revolution as any accomplishment on the battlefield. To that I would define able-bodied as anyone not physically or mentally handicapped that can or does hold a full or part time employment or anyone who is not able to hold a job as determined by the Social Security Administration guidelines. I would define young as anyone between the ages of eighteen and twenty-six. Therefore the service could be before people begin college, trade school, or a career. The service can be...
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...Rehabilitation Paper Zahra Howard CJA 234 Professor King June 14, 2014 Rehabilitation Paper Each day in the United States, the correctional system supervises over six million of its residents. Approximately two million people are in prison or jail, while four million are on probation or parole. With so many people under its control, a central policy issue is what the correctional system hopes to accomplish with those it places behind bars or on community supervision. A simple response might be that the purpose of these correctional sanctions is to punish the criminally wayward. Since the inception of the American penitentiary in the 1820s, however, corrections has embraced as an important goal the transformation of law breakers into the law-abiding that is, rehabilitation or treatment. At times, the goal of reforming offenders has been dominant; at other times, its legitimacy and usefulness have been challenged and its influence on correctional policy diminished. But even today, after a period in the late 1900s of prolonged advocacy of getting tough with criminals, rehabilitation remains an integral part of the correctional enterprise and continues to earn support among the public in the United States. To begin, probation refers to adult offenders whom courts place on supervision in the community through a probation agency, generally in lieu of incarceration. However, some jurisdictions do sentence probationers to a combined short-term incarceration sentence immediately...
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...Health Care in India, Ireland, South Korea, and United States Global Health Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) defines universal health coverage as everyone having access to needed health services without the financial hardship that can follow (WHO, 2013). Health care should be accessible to all citizens, appropriately funded, provided by trained professionals, and affordable to all citizens. Health care changes from country to country in multiple aspects including: cost, availability, and private health care verses socialized health care. The cost of health care and government assisted health programs can take a big toll on the overall spending and reliability of a countries health system. Each country has their own strengths and concerns in regards to their health system. There is not one health system that will work for every country because every country has a different government organization, differences among the population, and other country wide concerns that impact the country as a whole. India is the seventh largest country located in South Asia populating about 1.2 billion people. It is roughly one third the size of the United States and the capital New Delhi still resides the majority of the population, housing about 22 million people (CIA, 2013). India does not have a universal health care system in place, although the government is working on a plan (Luthra, 2012). India has government funded public hospitals and private hospital...
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...rehabilitation, and restoration. The six forms of punishments are fines, community service, probation, imprisonment, parole, and capital punishment. The relationship between sentencing and punishment in today’s courts in my opinion are carried out efficiently and effectively. The five philosophical reasons for sentencing criminals are retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration. Retribution is a form of taking revenge on a criminal. Retribution in the early days was an eye or an eye situation where now it can be perceived as the implementation of justice in the criminal justice system. Incapacitation, is imprisoning a criminal to reduce the odds that the criminal will commit more crimes in the future. Deterrence is the attempt to inhibit criminal activity by using the fear of punishment. Rehabilitation is the attempt to reform a criminal offender through education and psychological treatment to reduce the likelihood of future criminal activity (Schmalleger pg 375). Restoration is an attempt to make the victim whole again which in my opinion I would describe as making the victim feel secure that their perpetrator is now somewhere where they cannot commit another crime. Therefore, the five philosophical reasons for sentencing criminals are retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration. The six forms of punishments are fines, community service, probation, imprisonment, parole, and capital punishment. Fines are said to...
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...Barack Obama and the 111th United States Congress. This is the day that the 44th President of the United States of America signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This was the largest social legislation passed in decades. Just one week later, on March 30, 2010, President Barack Obama enacted the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 in order to amend the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. (Stolber and Pear, A19) Together they make enormous changes to health care services in the United States. This health care act affects everybody in the United States. This act will not only impact everyone as an individual, but it will also impact businesses as a whole. For this reason, this is something that everyone in America should have a clear understanding about. One of the main points of the new health care reform is to ensure that all Americans have insurance. With insurance not having been mandatory before, Americans who were uninsured had to deal with several financial problems when it came to paying medical bills. There are several individuals that do not have any medical insurance because they either do not have a job or the job that they do have does not offer insurance. And even some people who have the option to have insurance may not buy if because they don’t want to pay for it. And then these same people who have the option to have it but choose not to may end up using a government program to obtain medical services. This cost all tax payers...
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...Dominque Garland Community Corrections Paper CJS/230 Introduction to Corrections September, 2014 In this paper, the information will be used to determine what community corrections are, how community corrections affect society. After this, a description of the foreign country prison system will be evaluated. This is important for the criminal justice process because the system of prisons was based on the English ideas for punishing prisoners. It is extremely important that people understand the history of corrections as a whole in order to grasp the concept of the jail and prison system. This paper will conclude with an outline of what I might do if I were in charge of recommending a correction plan for my community. I think it is important, also, to realize that if it were not for the new prison systems, then we, as a nation, would not have grown as much as we have and the nation in its entirety, would essentially fail. Corrections is a wonderful system that only helps the world, in most cases. “Community corrections are sanctions imposed on convicted adults or adjudicated juveniles that occur in a residential or community setting outside of jail or prison (NIJ, 2014).” Community corrections is a community based program setup for nonviolent offenders. These programs are not the same as probation. However, those who receive this sentencing may also serve time on probation. Community correction and probation have the same concepts, which is a court ordered suspension...
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