...The United States continued using the Manhattan Project’s factories. “In postwar years, many Manhattan Project facilities became integral components of America’s nuclear weapons production complex.” (Reed, 5-11). If the United States wanted to be successful in the development of nuclear weapons, uranium is essential. “There has been a long-standing belief among policymakers in the United States that with the success of the Manhattan Project came a hegemony in the field of atomic weapons, especially with respect to uranium enrichment.” (Kemp, 298). The United States were worried that the Russians would soon catch up to their nuclear arsenal, so they needed to continue their development. However, the United States following the Second World...
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...The Manhattan Project, the program behind the development of the first nuclear weapons, affected the world greatly in many ways. The Manhattan Project was a secret, $2 billion project created by the U.S. The project was so secretive that only 6 of the scientists knew the nature of the manhattan project; Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feynman, J. Robert Oppenheimer, and Harold Urey. The people working on it were forbidden to speak about anything involving this, military security guarded the grounds, and the communications in and out were monitored. In 1939, the U.S. was warned that Nazi scientists had split an atom and could use that to build an atomic bomb. The U.S. started the top-secret program known as the manhattan project, it was named this after the Manhattan Engineering district of the War Department which was where it began....
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...bomb on Hiroshima, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, a twenty one kiloton plutonium device known as "Fat Man.”(Atomic Heritage Foundation, 2012) This paper will discuss the creation and use of the first two atomic bombs. Early in 1939, German physicists had learned the secrets of splitting a uranium atom. Fears soon spread over the possibility of Nazi scientists utilizing that energy to produce a bomb capable of unspeakable destruction. Scientists Albert Einstein, who fled Nazi persecution, and Enrico Fermi, who escaped Fascist Italy, were now living in the United States. They agreed that President Franklin Roosevelt, must be informed of the dangers of atomic technology in the hands of the Axis powers. In late 1941, the American started to design and build an atomic bomb, which later received its code name, the Manhattan Project, which was named after one of the initial sites of research, Columbia University in Manhattan, New York. Nuclear facilities were built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee and Hanford, Washington. The main assembly plant was built at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Robert Oppenheimer and Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves was put in charge of putting the pieces together at Los Alamos. After the final bill was tallied, nearly $2 billion had been spent on research and development of the...
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...Manhattan Project Research Paper Nuclear research all started when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, and the United States entered into World War II. When the United States realized that Germany attempted to build an atomic bomb, Americans began to concentrate on their research about creating an atomic bomb. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Manhattan Project, which included a group of top scientists, under General Leslie R. Groves, who worked around the clock to try to develop an atomic bomb within three years. The Americans and the British combined their efforts to research the development of the bomb and created plants and factories to work in. They created plants for three separate processes: electromagnetic, gaseous diffusion, and thermal diffusion. These plants helped create the plutonium and uranium 235 needed to manufacture the atomic bomb. The secrecy of the Manhattan Project was essential in order to develop the atomic bombs to end World War II. The United States and Great Britain kept the development of the atomic bomb a secret. In order to keep the secret, Groves spread the work out between laboratories so that the people working on the bomb could not figure out they were manufacturing. The members of the Manhattan Project asked the scientists questions about the bomb, and they gave answers back, but they did not know what the responses were for. The project consisted of so many restrictions for the employees in order to keep the secrecy...
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...territory. With in a month Roosevelt had a team of researchers working on nuclear weapons before Germany and Japan could make their. The Manhattan project is an industrial complex in New Mexico; thousands of the West’s...
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...components required changes for the participating organisation to implement “Green IT Project”. Gap Analysis: Objectives: Implement Green IT project Findings: the weaknesses and opportunities Weakness: Energy usage still not efficient enough, Printers (Paper Usage still HIGH), When employee away from their desk the computer still ON * Paperless Project Going paperless is one of the most obvious changes every companies can make All status reports, project plan updates, status meeting notes, issues/risks lists, etc. are all created and delivered electronically. The only paper that has been created has been occasional hardcopy output of the Project Kick-off materials for the meetings at the beginning of each project. That’s fairly acceptable since it’s the first time that you’re actually in front of the customer face-to-face on each project. After that, it’s all paperless. Between 70-80% of an organization’s processes are still being managed on paper. The Paperless Project coalition developed its GO GREEN initiative to identify common paper intensive processes and convert them into automated workflows. Reducing bulky paper is just the beginning of the payoff. Not only will the switch to a paperless office increase workplace productivity, but it will also: • Reduce costs of paper related actions including copying, printing, and storing. • Allow for less time spent searching for paper documentation. • Increase response time to clients and customers. • Refocus staff...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory * Join * Search * Browse * Saved Papers ------------------------------------------------- Haut du formulaire Bas du formulaire ------------------------------------------------- Haut du formulaire Bas du formulaire * Home Page » * Business and Management Case Study: Chase’s Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (a) In: Business and Management Case Study: Chase’s Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (a) Case Study: Chase’s Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) Q1. How should Chase have bid in the first round competition to lead the HK$3.3 billion Disneyland financing? 1.Three ways to approach this deal 1) bid to win, 2) bid to lose and3) no bid. Chase chose to bid to lose on the first round, but just enough to make it to the short list. Also, since Chase is one of Disney's relationship banks, Chase would not want to ruin this relationship by not bidding on their project. If Chase wanted to lead the competition from the first round, they should have made a bid that was more aggressive and aimed to win. This bid would have been closer to the desires of Disney, making them more appealing and increasing their probabilities of leading the financing. However, they chose to bid to lose, with just enough terms to get into the second round to "protect their reputation", but not...
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...In 1938 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman were two German scientists who demonstrated nuclear fission. Nuclear fission released an enormous amount of energy called nuclear energy that can be used in many ways, including a dangerous weapon. They found that they could split the nucleus of a uranium atom by bombarding it with neutrons. As a result, the uranium nucleus splits some of its mass to be converted to energy. Other physicists noticed that the fission of one uranium atom gave off extra neutrons, which could in turn split other uranium atoms, starting a chain reaction. Therefore, in theory this energy could be harnessed to make a powerful bomb. Due to this, the development of the ultimate power took many scientists a lot of hard work and dedication to create such an effective bomb. First and foremost, there were problems with the political and social climate of the world that caused a race to unfold in the development of the ultimate weapon. During this period of time World War II was going on, and the United States was fighting with Germany in the Atlantic, as well as Japan in the Pacific. It all started when Adolf Hitler and the Nazis attacked Poland on September 1, 1939, in which the other countries had joined the war for help. As a result, when Leo Szilard heard that Germany had found out about Hahn and Strassman’s discovery he thought they would produce a bomb. Leo Szilard told them that they were attempting to purify Uranium-235, which would make up the atomic bomb. With...
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...Many kinds of weapons were used in the Second World War. And of those weapons, many of them were brand new technology, developed for the war. The countries in this war all had their own special branches of technology, and used them to create weapons of destruction, ensuring their winning the battle, and bringing their soldiers home. There were three large contributors to the weapons front of the war: Small Arms, Tanks, and the Atomic Bomb. In this paper, I will explain what those weapons were, what they did, and how they fared on the battlefield. Many of the weapons in the war were small arms, used for combat between people. One of the most common small arms were pistols (World War 2 Weapons). However, they were extremely ineffective, and were only used at close range. The U.S. had some of the best pistols carried, an m1911 (World War 2 Weapons). Pistols were carried by tank crews, infantry officers, and pilots in case of an emergency. The different countries had different pistols, with the U.S. having the best one and Japan having one of the worst. Rifles were also used extensively in the war. However, many people went into battle carrying WWI rifles, which did not work as well as the newer versions....
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...They talk about what they saw and experienced. In “The voice of Hibakusha” the victims explain symptoms they had due to the radiation from the atomic bombs. The effects of radiation which in the article by Zeman “Taking hell’s measurements”, he says magazines mostly ignored. The second source is interviews from the people who worked on the Manhattan project and they also talk about their experiences. The second primary source shows the secrecy around the project and the scientists knowledge of the atomic bombs and the people involved. Some of the scientists talked about how deadly they knew the bombs were and how some scientists had signed a petition to not use the...
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...One of man’s most devastating weapons, The Atom Bomb. The first time this particular weapon was used for warfare was during World War II when the United States bombed both Hiroshima and Nagasaki just days apart in August 1945. Where did this monstrosity originate? Via the “Manhattan Project”.The Manhattan Project was a combination of the United States’ financial, scientific, industrial, and technological might to produce the ultimate weapon...The Atom Bomb. [ae] “The Manhattan Project was committed to expediting research that would produce a viable Atomic Bomb.” The first and most difficult step towards the creation of the “A bomb” was the production of “enriched” uranium- to create a chain reaction. Back then, extracting that kind...
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...scientist Albert Einstein wrote a letter to the United States president of the time, Franklin D. Roosevelt, concerning the research of splitting a uranium atom that could lead to the development of an atomic bomb in Germany. In the letter, Einstein wrote,”It may be possible to set off a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which large amounts of power and new radium like elements would be generated.” He continued,” This new development could lead to the creation of bombs, and as it seems, but less likely, the construction of an even bigger, new type of bomb.” President Roosevelt, although skeptical at first, decided to go through with the research and in 1941 the Manhattan Project was born. Four years later on August 6, the United States Dropped the first nuclear atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima wiping out 90 percent of the city, killing more than 80,000 people, and later tens of thousands more. Then again on August 9, another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki and killing more than 40,000. 6 days later, the Emperor of Japan announced Japan’s official surrender to the United States in World War II. The effects and after effects of the the two bombs dropped shocked the entire world, even those a part of the Manhattan Project. The Japanese Emperor Hirohito described the bombs as the ”new and most cruel bomb.” This research paper will discuss the pros and cons of the use of nuclear weapons among different countries and how they affects the lives...
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...Business Research Ethics Paper Jeffrey Duncan RES/351 01/03/2012 Johannes Hoffmann Research used for business does have some rules of ethics, and should have no bias. However in some instances this does not happen. The Tabaco companies in 1994 skewed research results, and lied to congress to keep the F.D.A. from Regulating the nicotine in cigarettes. In the 70’s the Tabaco companies used unethical research practices, and then hid the documentation for thirty years. In July of 1995 a California congressman said that documents dated as far back as the 70’s show that the world's largest cigarette company tracked hyperactive third graders to see if they would later turn to smoking as a tranquilizer, and gave electric shocks to college students to see if it would make them smoke more. Back in 1995, Rep. Henry A. Waxman displayed stacks of documents from Philip Morris on the House floor that illustrated unethical and possibly illegal research into nicotine. One report had claimed that smokers crave nicotine more than food, Waxman said (Neergaard, 1995). In 1994, CEO William Campbell at Philip Morris testified before congress that Tabaco is not addictive (Neergaard, 1995). “Waxman said his documents prove Philip Morris knew more than a decade before the surgeon general did that nicotine was addictive. He read a 1969 company report for Philip Morris' board of directors that concluded smokers need the "pharmacological effect" of tobacco and that the craving was so great, it...
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...The Atomic Bomb: A Necessity or a Desire Tanmay Bhanushali Year 10 Historical Paper “Great power imposes the obligation of exercising restraint” Leo Szilard - Hungarian-born Physicist and main scientist to oppose the atomic Bombings This was spoken in an interview titled “President Truman did not Understand”. This was between a US news reporter and Leo Szilard the key figure among the scientists opposing the use of the bomb. The interview was in August 15, 1960. Why was their so fierce Opposition? In what Way did Truman Not Understand? These answers lie in the depths of the controversy about the Atomic Bomb. Introduction The atomic bomb was a topic of major controversy but the main debate was about the necessity of the atomic bomb. Many say that the atomic bomb was dropped because it would save millions of American lives. However at that period the Japanese were also at the point of surrendering. Huge amounts of incendiary bombs were used in large-scale cities against japan. Many of the scientists in the Manhattan Project were disturbed about it. The incendiary bombs reduced much morale from the Japanese army and crippled the will power. However this small cripple made Japan even angrier because these incendiary bombs were used on innocent civilians and not the Japanese army. Many think that it was necessary to use the Atomic Bombs because Japan attacked America first and not the other way around. It is a fact that when Hitler attacked...
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...Vannevar Bush (/væˈniːvɑr/ van-NEE-var; March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor and science administrator, who during World War II headed the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), through which almost all wartime military R&D was carried out, including initiation and early administration of the Manhattan Project. He is also known in engineering for his work on analog computers, for founding Raytheon, and for the memex, a hypothetical adjustable microfilm viewer with a structure analogous to that of hypertext. In 1945, Bush published As We May Think in which he predicted that "wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified".[1] The memex influenced generations of computer scientists, who drew inspiration from its vision of the future. For his master's thesis, Bush invented and patented a "profile tracer", a mapping device for assisting surveyors. It was the first of a string of inventions. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1919, and founded the company now known as Raytheon in 1922. Starting in 1927, Bush constructed a differential analyzer, an analog computer with some digital components that could solve differential equations with as many as 18 independent variables. An offshoot of the work at MIT by Bush and others was the beginning of digital...
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