...full given name is Nur Arif Safwan Bin Abdullah. The only child adopted by two of my favourite human beings, my dad Ahmad Fauzi Bin Abdul Majid and my mom, Anita Binti Abu. My dad is serving for the Army while my mom works with Mara transportation sector, Mara Liner. We live in an apartment quaters in Desa Tun Hussein Onn, Setiawangsa provided by the government for army that are still in service. My edicational background started when I was 7 years old, studied in Sekolah Kebangsaan Kampung Melayu Kluang, Johor. I obtained 4A’s and 1B for my UPSR examination. I also studied in an Religious School througout my primary school period called, Sekolah Agama Gunung Lambak Kluang, Johor. After 6 years in primary school in Kluang, Johor which was my hometown where my grandmother used to live, my dad was transfered to the city, Kuala Lumpur. By then I attend to a secondary school, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Victoria Institution by Jalan Hang Tuah, Kuala Lumpur. I consider this school as my favourite alma mater. Earned 4A’s 4B’s for PMR while a had a major landslide 1A- 1A 1B 1B+ 2C 1C+ 1D 1E and 1G for my SPM. I was having difficulties in cooping to the science stream subjects. My study course has been changed then after I continued my study to Kolej Poly-Tech Mara Kuala Lumpur for my diploma. I was introduced to a very rather interesting career and study scope of Information Technology. I manage to improve the consistency of my study. I got 3.360 CGPA for my Diploma in Computer Science...
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...MS-13 final MS-13 History and Origins The Mara Salvatrucha gang originated in Los Angeles, in the 1980s by Salvadoran immigrants in the neighborhood between Pico and Wilshire also know as the city's Pico-Union neighborhood. They immigrated to the United States Due to a 12-year civil war in El Salvador, which resulted in over 100,000 deaths and over a million refugees(www.ms13gang.com). The Salvadorian refugees and immigrants predominantly settled in southern California and Washington, D.C. Some of the refugees and immigrants had ties with La Mara, a violent street gang from El Salvador. Others had been members the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMNL) during the El Salvadorian civil war(Rimmer, 2009). FMNL was made up of Salvadorian peasants who were trained as guerilla fighters. Many were adept at using guerilla tactics and working with explosives, firearms, and booby traps. Salvadorians were not accepted into the Los Angeles Hispanic community, and were frequently targeted by local Hispanic and African American gangs notably the 18th street gang. Due to this suffering, in the late 1980s, some refugee members of La Mara and FMNL formed what is now known as the Mara Salvatrucha (MS) street gang. Like many other street gangs, MS initially formed for protection, but quickly developed a reputation for being organized and extremely violent criminal enterprise. The gang’s rivals took note. One, known as the Mexican Mafia, or “la eme” for short, and is one of...
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...English 102 Ashley McWaters 7/3/14 No where in the world is there a movement of animals as immense as the wildebeest migration, over two million animals migrate from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania to the greener pastures of the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya during July through to October. The migration has to cross the Mara River in the Maasai Mara where crocodiles will prey on them. This is one of the highlights as the animals try and cross the Mara River alive. The wildebeest in this photograph have discovered that the threat of amphibious predators is all too real. The two in the lead are narrowly escaping the gaping maw of a hungry croc, as the two behind follow the ones in front. Strangely enough, the two wildebeest just behind the crocodile don’t seem to comprehend the ever present danger. They’ve been following other wildebeest in the herd for so long that they know no other existence but as a follower. Which brought up in my mind this question: “why do they not see the danger”? After doing a bit of research on the migration tactics of the native species, I discovered an interesting phenomenon. In the Maasai Mara wildebeest will be hunted, stalked, and run down by the larger carnivores. The Maasai Mara also has one of the largest densities of lion in the world and is no wonder this is the home of the BBC wildlife channel’s Big Cat Diary. The fact that danger exists on all sides should keep the wildebeest aware at all times. And they are, but not...
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...MARA-SAVATRUCHA (MS13) The Civil War in the early 1980s in El Salvador cost the lives of about 100,000 people. Besides, two million people are reported to have immigrated to the United States, due to the uncertain political and social conditions there. A big chunk of the refugees arrived and settled in the Rampart area of Los Angeles. They needed low cost housing and employment. That area was already afflicted with gangs and crimes. For the local population of Mexican-Americans, this was the most unwelcome development. The combustible youth immigrants from Salvador took the problem of their survival in response to the victimization at the hands of local gangs, as a serious challenge and formed a new gang by name Mara Salvatrucha, popularly known as MS-13. “Las-Mara” is a notorious street gang that engages in violent crimes in El Salvador. Salvatruchas, refers to the members of the political entity, styled Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front. This is a group of Peasants from Salvador, trained in guerilla warfare. The number 13 refers to the California prison gang, the Mexican Mafia. A youth facing the unemployment problem, not getting support from the government and the society, when he is constantly nagged, abused, condemned and ostracized by the society, turns into a viler and bitter individual. With no authority to show heartfelt care and concern, and an understanding approach to the problems of teeming millions of refugees, the frustrated immigrant youth...
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...majestic as the eighth wonder of the World, “the migration of the Wildebeest in East Africa”. Tucked away in the rolling, lush savannah grassland plains of East Africa, are the Serengeti and Maasai Mara national parks. Their sheer sizes traverses, two countries of Kenya and Tanzania, Maasai Mara being in the former while Serengeti in the latter. The landscape is comprised of undulating grasslands, with the occasional hill and dotted with Acacia trees. Another amazing feature is the array of colour depending on the season, with the dry season turning the landscape to a crisp golden brown, while in the wet season, a sumptuous green carpet. Cool winds from the Great Rift Valley swoop down on the plains to provide a natural air conditioning during the hot, dry season and also bring the rains during the wet season. Two rivers, the Mara and the Grumeti, meander parallel across the plains, and are the only source of water for the wildlife in these vast lands. It is the month of August in the Mara Triangle, a name sometimes used to refer to the Maasai Mara national park. The rains have just ended, and the terrain is a blossoming green, while on opposite side in the Serengeti, the dry season is at its peak. A cloud of dust emerges at a distance from the Serengeti side moving towards the Mara triangle. Then gradually a black mass appears in the prospect, creating the appearance that resembles a voluminous black river flowing on the golden grass plains if observed from a high vantage point...
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...murdered girlfriend and lets Sayra go first. Just as she is half way through, the gang finds Casper. After a desperate chase, Smiley encounters him on the riverbank. Thereupon, Smiley, with tears in his eyes, shoots Casper three times, the last bullet piercing his head. This allows time for the other maras to catch up. They then all proceed to empty their magazines and clips into Casper in an execution style killing, while Sayra struggles to hold on to the raft and screams horrified. From my point of view, it’s ironic that Smiley is the one who kills Casper. Smiley, a young 12-year-old kid, recruited and initiated by Casper himself was the one in charge of ending his life, no one else. Casper was the one who brought him up in the gang and taught him about the tasks, responsibilities, and sense of comradeship of MS-13. I think part of the movie’s a message with this scene is that “who that lives by the sword, dies by the sword”. This means that if you use violence, or other harsh means, against other people, you can expect to have those same means used against you. Casper lived from being a gang member, stealing, harassing, and murdering people and later died at the hands of another mara, one he created. Benito ultimately transforms into Smiley after killing his friend. He changes from being a doe-eyed innocent child to a cold, obedient gang member. As we learned in class, a...
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...MS 13 Overview & Theory The Mara Salvatrucha, known as MS 13, is one of the world’s most infamous street gang. They steal from people, force and intimidate their way into neighborhoods and have progressively turned to international crimes such as human trafficking and drug smuggling. Their activities have helped make the area of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras the most brutal places in the world that are not at war. The US Department of the Treasury labeled the group a "transnational criminal organization," the first title for a US street gang in October of 2012. This paper will discuss the history of MS 13 and use theory to describe the reasoning behind MS 13. (“MS 13” n.d.) In the course of El Salvador's Civil War, children as young...
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...Sin Nombre, loosely translated as “without name”, is an independent film released in 2009 under the skillful direction of Cary Fukunaga. Fukunaga, a film graduate from New York University, also attended a French university and carries a bachelor’s degree in history from the University of California at Santa Cruz. During his studies and New York University, he made a short film titled Victoria Para Chino, a film about a group of immigrants who died in a refrigerated trailer when immigrating to America; The inspiration behind Sin Nombre came from that short film. In his first major production, Fukunaga continued his interest in the topic of immigration, and came up with the creation of Sin Nombre. The film follows both a young gangster of the Mara Salvatrucha gang, Casper, and young girl from Honduras, Sayra, on their difficult journey to America. Fukunaga’s overall reason for the film was to express the hardships Central American people face on their journey to America, in hopes that people could see immigration from a different light. The film is directed mainly towards citizens of America, Central America, and Mexico although it can spread to any area with controversial opinions of immigration. The constraints of the film include time, as the film lasted just 96 minutes, rating, the limited budget of an independent film, the dangerous filming locations in Central America and Mexico, and language— the film is spoken completely in spanish with english subtitles. These constraints...
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...Security Threat Gangs In Prison Name Tutor Course College Date There has been a major concern of gangs in correctional facilities. This phenomenon has been common in prisons since 1960s, and continues to be a major problem over the years in correctional structures. In the year 1920, the number of prison gang was over 1300 in Chicago city and many other cities liked Los Angeles had started witnessing prison gangs. To critically understand this problem, it is important to explore the history and type of prison gangs that exist. In most prisons there is frequent unruly behavior and violence because of the prison environment. The kind of lifestyle among inmates makes a society of its own. The modern gangs have distinct colors of clothing’s particularly for identification. They come from all race, black, Asian, Hispanic and Caucasian. The Aryan brotherhood gang originated in 1967, California’s San Quentin state prison was the hub of this gang. The gang was set up to protect white inmates from other dangerous gangs of the African and Hispanic origin. Initially, the gang was known as the “bluebird” or “Nazi gang” and most of its members were from the white supremacy, Irish and Germany origin. The group received money from drug traffic to sustain its source of operations in the prisons. The condition that required an inmate to join the AB group was to murder one person that was targeted by the group (Parenti, 2000). On the other hand, members of the gang who were freed...
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...Latin America. Cary Fukunaga intertwines the lives of Sayra – a young Honduran immigrant looking to reach the United States – and Willy – a Mexican gangster whose cognitive understanding of community has shattered and turned into his worst nightmare. The result is a potent exposition of the effects of globalization on transnational interactions, community identity, and urban space. Paired with Zilberg’s ethnographic study of Maras and Marreros across borders, Sin Nombre suggests that forced trans-nationality and the associated evolution of multifaceted identity politics are propelling modern society away from an identification of individuals based on nationality (where they live) and instead by Benedict Anderson’s concept of imagined communities (who and what they live with). The characters presented in both the movie and Zilberg’s study represent threats to their respective social orders and are therefore confronted with a forced separation from their communities and homes. Willy (the gangster in Sin Nombre) threatened the hierarchical structure of the Mara Salvatrucha (MS) by killing his superior. His options were to attempt exile or to accept death. Weasel (a subject in Zilberg’s study), proved to hold a disregard for American laws by ending up in jail. In the eyes of the authorities in the USA, his legal status as a resident did not change the fact that he (and his cronies) made Los Angeles a more dangerous place. The problem for these characters, however, is not the loss...
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...MS-13, short for Mara Salvatrucha, is a criminal organization that operates in at least forty-two states and has about 6,000-10,000 members nationwide (The MS-13 Threat: A National Assessment ). This infamous gang – primarily made up of Salvadorans, Hondurans, Guatemalans, and other Central/South American immigrants – has ignited terror and havoc in communities throughout the United States by committing heinous crimes, such as drug distribution, murder, rape, home invasions, immigration offenses and many more. The notoriety of MS-13 and the level of violence that has ensured has captured the nation’s attention, as well as the president himself to which he has branded these gang members as “animals.” CNN and The New York Times have commented on the situation: CNN explaining Trump’s attempts to rid the nation of MS-13 members, while The New York Times described how Trump has exaggerated false claims regarding MS-13 deportation numbers. This current spectacle relates to Leo Chavez’s Latino Threat Narrative in the sense that the gang and criminal activity demonstrated by MS-13 is being associated with any person who crosses the border, and the immigration and deportation measures being taken is negatively affecting those entering the United States with good intentions....
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...Describing Gang Membership: An Examination of Youth Gangs Kiara C. Ross Georgia Gwinnett College Introduction Numerous studies have been conducted on the subject of youth in gangs and the many characteristics of a member or a nonmember. In this paper I will discuss what is considered a member of a youth gang, a nonmember and anything else in between. I have read three articles and I will compare and contrast each of their findings in detail. Article 1 The first article that I will be discussing was an in depth study done on youth in Canada. This article focused on “the frequency and stability of gang membership, family characteristics, concurrent behaviors, friendships, and school attitudes of stable and unstable gang members and non-gang members in childhood and early adolescence” (Craig, Vitaro, Gagnon, and Timblay, 2002 pg. 53). It also “examined the stability of belonging to a gang in early adolescence, the behavior profiles, family characteristics, and friendships of non-gang and gang members” (Craig et al. 2002 pg. 53). Craig et al. explained that there were three models that were used to understand the “relationship between gang membership and delinquency” which were the selection model, the social facilitation model, and the enhancement model. According to Craig et al.: A selection model is consistent with social control theory and the propensity theory of crime. According to this model, gangs recruit individuals who are already delinquent or have a propensity...
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...Gangs and Organized Crime in the United States Criminal Justice Janaree Nagel 10/15/2011 Gangs and Organized Crime in the United States is on the rise. With the increase in turf wars, position and the financial gains, gang wars and Organized Crime are linked together in many ways. Within this paper, I will show how they are all tied together in. The M-13’s are the largest reported gang controlling large areas of our states. However, the largest area to which the MS-13’s control is within our own capital, Washington D.C. Their leaders rule all the gangs from inside El Salvador. I will discuss other gangs, and their ties into Organized Crime. Gangs and Organized Crime in the United States When I first began this research, I was stunned by the number of gangs that can be accounted for living on US soil. I wasn’t shocked by the type of activities that they are involved in ranging from drug trafficking, carjacking, murder, rape and kidnapping. The news media is constantly reporting the ages to which individuals join a gang, and the reasons behind their becoming involved. Most that join look for acceptance, and are often from families that have one parent, typically run by their mother who represents head of the household. While others join gangs because they believe it will make others respect them. Throughout our course study, we have discussed a number of things concerning the criminal...
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...Gangs are becoming a growing problem in American society. More young children are turning to gangs to solve problems in their lives. When youths join gangs, they drop social activities with family, friends and school. Members fall behind their classmates in school and do not try. A study shows that less than 1% of gang members are literate. Gangs destroy teenager lives and destroy their chances for a good education and a happy life. Teenagers are joining gangs every day. They join gangs for many reasons. A former gang member known as G-Ball was very young when he joined his gang. He and a friend would play a game. They would pose as gang members to be cool. Then police arrested him and other gang members for stealing cars. G-Ball never wanted to be a gang member he wanted to act and dress like one. Gang violence is a major issue in the world today. It emerged in 2006 as a key factor in homicide resurgence. In Florida, statewide homicides jumped 27% in the first six months of 2006. Gangs are more prone in the major cities of the United States, like Los Angeles, New York, Miami, Chicago and there are many more. There are certain types of juveniles who are most likely to engage in this kind of violence, and they are, those who have behavior problems as young children, those who come from homes where their parents do not keep a close enough eye on them, and those who are being raised into gangs. Some current programs that are currently and effectively addressing gang...
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...The main idea of this source is to present five new studies being conducted on youth gangs. A broader developmental perspective, underscoring the need for ongoing inquiry linking the heretofore separate literature on youth gangs and antisocial peer influences from criminology and developmental science (201). Gangs have been present in America for decades. All through only in recent years are local and national observation studies showing gangs growing at an increasingly rapid rate. This section discusses the full range of youth involvement in gangs, from their entry to the significant amounts of activities that occur during their involvement to their disengagement. Understanding the complexity as to why youth join gangs is very critical and...
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