...increased rate in car accidents and the phenomena of progressing from soft to hard drugs. First of all, cannabis legalisation could cause a rise in a number of people consuming it. Though the number of marijuana users might not quickly climb to the current figures for alcohol and tobacco users, if marijuana were legalised, the increase in users would be both large and rapid with subsequent increases in addiction. Legalization would decrease price and increase availability. Availability is a leading factor associated with increased drug use. As opposed to the complicated and lengthy process of finding a black market dealer of the drugs, one could under legalisation, get marijuana in a shop or at the gas station. Not only cwould it allow easier access for current users, it would also attract new smokers who had not smoked marijuana because of the effort required in getting access to it. Apart from increased consumption, drug-impaired driving would also increase if marijuana is legalised. Marijuana is already a significant causal factor in highway crashes, injuries and deaths. It is due to the fact that marijuana has serious harmful effects on the skills required to drive safely: alertness, the ability to concentrate, coordination, and the ability to react quickly. Marijuana use makes it difficult to judge distances and react to signals and sounds on the road. These...
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...The legal status of cannabis during 1619-1915, coupled with a ban on alcohol during 1920-1933, has provoked questioning of the rationality of the current US federal legislation on both drugs, as marijuana is currently illicit whilst alcohol is not. Research has suggested that marijuana could be equally if not more beneficial than alcohol to the economy, with fewer negative externalities. This discussion has been sparked anew after the states of Colorado and Washington infringed federal legislation by instating the open legality of marijuana. The topic, in current debate, must be viewed objectively to reach a valuable conclusion, since much of the argument is highly opinionated and biased owing to the stigma attached to such substances. Marijuana is currently a Schedule I substance under federal law whereas alcohol is federally regulated through the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) alongside stringent state and county laws. Existing federal law makes alcohol legal to those over the age of 21, with high taxation placed on consumption. Hence, the substance is highly regulated, although not currently prohibited. We intend to examine the economic effects that alcohol has on the economy and compare these findings with the hypothetical benefits of legalised marijuana. Analytically considering the reasoning behind its current illegal status, we will compare the negative externalities of cannabis against those of alcohol to determine whether there is logic behind...
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...“Cannabis should be legalised.” To a large extent I agree with this statement; cannabis should be legalised. I do feel, that legalizing cannabis would help resolve many of our country’s problems and difficulties, for example street-crime or burglary indirectly related to drugs. However I also feel that it could cause other types of problems if people don’t understand the effects of it. To many people, they see cannabis as a dangerous and damaging drug, however the effects of cannabis are sometimes not as bad as alcohol or other legal drugs. Keeping drugs illegal will only carry on the on-going drug related cycle: people get caught with possession of drugs, their third time getting caught they get a sentence, go to prison, come out, and it happens all over again. To keep one person in jail for one year, for drug abuse, is forty thousand pounds. When cannabis users come out of prison, they often have nothing to go back to, many find themselves back in their old life almost immediately with the same contacts they had before; the drug dealers. Even if they wanted to quit, quitting is not an easy process itself. Refraining from cannabis won’t result in physical withdrawal symptoms, unlike the nicotine in tobacco. However some long-term users do report psychological problems when it comes to being weed-free. This can range from difficulties in coping with social situations to sleep problems and heightened anxiety. Rastafarians don’t have a specific way of living or religious...
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...Should Marijuana be legalized? This has been the question in long standing debate, wither or not to legalise marijuana. For hundreds of years the drug has been used, and it is been illegal to possess and trade in most countries for a long time. But now politicians around the world are discussing the idea of making it legal. Some countries already have made it legal, like Holland, Croatia and Argentina. The suggestion of making it legal is gaining popularity, but there are still a lot of people against the idea and want it banned completely. A lot of people don’t want marijuana to be legalised for a number of reasons, one of which is because people think that it would lead to bigger things, like Cocaine and Heroin. They also believe that it warps your mind when taking it, and making you change in a bad way. Also it has been proven that if it used a sufficient amount of times, it will lead to dementia, schizophrenia, and other ailments that mean you will forget past memories and have shorter brain capacities. Another reason is that it is perceived to be highly addictive, meaning you would end up spending all your money on it, and if you couldn’t stop you could maybe end up homeless or worse. One of the other reasons that it is illegal just now is because it is associated with unfashionable lifestyles, because it is thought to be a drug for hippies and rock stars, and basically just ‘’junkies’’. On the other hand, a lot of people want to see it get made legal. They...
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...has been influenced by the drugs which makes him irrational. The consumer theory in economics states that a consumer would make decisions based on what would give them the most utility or satisfaction. Like all economic theory this is based on the fact that of course this individual is rational however due to the cravings and compulsions experienced from the drugs the individual is not rationally evaluating his cost- benefits analysis but is only thinking of the satisfaction he would get at the moment even though the long term repercussion is much more disadvantageous. The legalisation of drugs has been an issue all over the world with America having a higher no tolerance for drugs than Europe. Some economists believe that if drugs are legalised and the excise taxes on them increases then the demand for drugs would decrease as less people would be able to afford the drugs. Drugs are harmful to individuals because of their addictive nature. It puts the users in a vulnerable situation and this leaves them in a state where the government has...
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...all believe that marijuana should be legalised? Good afternoon all year 11 English students, today I will be presenting an oral to you all on the legalisation of marijuana and I will change any negative thoughts you have towards the legalisation of this substance. Marijuana is an illegal “drug” in Australia but not in all parts of the world. Marijuana is a product that is grown from our earth that can benefit as all in many different aspects, for example, marijuana is used for medicinal purposes, helps produce useful resources that are needed in our modern society and also is used for the social enjoyment of a relaxing and exciting buzz. The plant that is grown from the grounds of our earth can replace the occasional drink of alcohol or smoke of a cigarette to relieve our day-to-day stresses. Also when hanging around friends or family smoking marijuana in a social sense can benefit our relationships with the others around us. The negative betrayal of marijuana by the government is all a lie. The statistics and facts clearly show that marijuana is safer then alcohol and all other drugs because no body as ever died from a over dose of this so called drug marijuana and nor has anybody died from stupid behave like alcohol. Alcohol is legal and statistics show that it makes people aggressive and takes away their ability to make sensible decisions and yet it is legal. So why isn’t marijuana legal if alcohol is, when facts show that marijuana is a lot safer...
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...2. With considered reference to scholarly literature on the subject, assess the advantages and disadvantages of Cannabis Legalisation in Australia. Dennis, M.L. & W White (1999) ‘The Marijuana Legalization Debate: is There a Middle Ground’. In JA Inciardi (ed), The Drug Legalization Debate. Sage Publications. Ferguson, D.M.. & L.J. Horwood (2000) ‘Does Cannabis Use Encourage Other Forms of Illicit Drug Use?’, Addiction, 95(4): 505-520. Gerber, R.J. (2004) ‘History of Demonizing Drugs’. In Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics, Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 1-16. Hall, W. (1997) ‘The Recent Australian Debate About the Prohibition on Cannabis Use’, Addiction, 92(9): 1109-1115. Hall, W. (1998) ‘Cannabis Use and Psychosis’, Drug and Alcohol Review, 17: 433-444. Hall, W. & R.L. Pacula (2003) ‘Policy Alternatives’. In Cannabis Use and Dependence: Public Health and Public Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183-226. Himmelstein, J.L. (1983) ‘From Killer Weed to Drop Out Drug’, Contemporary Crises, 7(1): 13-38. Sarre, R. (1990) ‘A Review of the Cannabis Expiation Notice Scheme in South Australia: Research Note’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 299-303. MacCoun R.J. and P. Reuter Drug War 'Heresies: Learning from Other Vices, Times, & Places', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. McGeorge, J. & C.K. Aitken (1997) ‘Effects of Cannabis Decriminalization in the Australian Capital Territory on University...
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...Labelling theory and its theorists focus on the groups and/or individuals who were deemed to be criminal and labelled thus by society. Labelling theorists studied the various interactions between the ‘criminal' groups and individuals and the conformist society. Labeling theory was quite popular in the 1960s and early 1970s, but then fell into decline—partly as a result of the mixed results of empirical research. This essay will go on to show the origins of labelling theory, the theory itself and will show its strengths and weaknesses using various case-studies and examples. Tannenbaum (1938) is widely regarded as the first labelling theorist. His main concept was the ‘dramatization of evil'. He stated that if a person is described as being a criminal then he automatically becomes one. Erwin Lamert (1951) founded the “societal Reaction” theory. This theory is widely credited to be the forerunner of the present day labelling theory. His theory basically states that a person experiences social deviance in two phases. The first phase is known as the Primary deviance phase. The second is known as the Secondary deviance phase. According to Lemert, the primary deviance phase begins with a criminal act. He or she is then labelled criminal but has yet to accept the label. The main point of view is whether he or she has accepted the criminal label. If the person views themselves as a criminal then the secondary deviant phase has begun. The object of whether a person views himself or...
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...Task Research and analyse debates on the current 'war against drugs' and its success or otherwise, globally and/or locally. Explain the debate and present an argument, supported by evidence, for either the continuation of a 'war against drugs' or for an alternative. Introduction The use of prohibited drugs has been predominant in Western society since the 19th century, with cannabis introduced to the United States in 1839, while opium was introduced to Europe and the United States through trade with China. These drugs were initially used for pharmaceutical benefits, but over time various legislatures introduced laws to administer, regulate and prohibit the use of various drugs. The declaration of ‘war on drugs’ took place in the United States of America (USA) in 1971. The historical response to the ‘war on drugs’ has been prohibition: the complete banning of drug use. This approach, which involves strict enforcement of illegal drug laws, has proven costly and ineffective (RCAP & RANZCP, 2004). This essay will focus on Australia’s current drug debate regarding the legalisation of certain prohibited illicit drugs. Whilst examining the Australian position, this essay will use international examples to illustrate how the current strategy fails and survey workable solutions. Firstly, this work examines the historical position of the ‘war on drugs’. It will outline the history of drug use in Australia and the nation’s current drug policy. This essay will then discuss the criminal...
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...Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions...
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...A helpful book for IELTS Compiled by bavy&adrian October 2004 Contents Introduction - please read Debatable and non-debatable statements Providing support for debatable statements (or premises) Using connectives and paragraphs in a larger argumentative text The main thesis, supporting arguments and conclusion. Adding information to relevant arguments Connectives for listing arguments. Concluding connectives In fact / Indeed More practice on using In fact and Indeed Paragraphs Showing you are aware of both sides of the issue - a model Showing you are aware of both sides of the issue - examining the model The main premise Paragraph topics Opposing arguments and supporting arguments Problematising the opposing arguments Shifting from opposing arguments to supporting arguments. More work on showing you are aware of both sides of the issue Language Summary: ways of showing that you are aware of the opposing opinion Working out the main premise from a paragraph Using connectives and problematising phrases in a paragraph Putting together a paragraph for an argumentative text Choosing your own premise and writing a paragraph Converting an informal text into a formal text Sorting arguments into topics and paragraphs A longer model argumentative essay Getting an overview of the model essay Identifying the main premise, paragraph structure and paragraph topics The internal organisation of the paragraphs - revision Including a paragraph that only presents supporting arguments Writing introductions...
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...NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION: USE ONLY IN COMPLIANCE WITH COPYRIGHT: DAVID RISSTROM AN INTERPRETATION OF LAW IN CONTEXT Bottomley, S., Gunningham, N. and Parker, S., 1991, Law in Context, The Federation Press, Leichhardt. { } = additional material from lectures. ( ) = my comments. (See ‘x’) refers to book page number. A short (somewhat boring) message from the summary executioner before you dive in; These notes are an interpretation of the book Law in Context and the lectures given as part of the 1991 Course. They are not a satisfactory substitution for reading the text. You are only likely to get the maximum value out of this summary by reading it in conjunction with the text. The question of ‘the law in whose context’ may be worth keeping in mind as you read. This is an interpretation seen through my eyes, not yours. My comments are not unbiased, as it is as equally unlikely that yours may be. So my ‘advice’ is consider what is said here and in the book considering the need to understand the ‘mechanics’ that help make sense of the more involved themes that develop in the book as you progress through Law in Context. The observations, important in their own right, may be particularly useful for seeing how their often ubiquitous expression is taken as ‘normal’ in the areas of wider society, such as in discussions of economics and power. It is unlikely that you will find any ‘right answers’ from this summary, but I do hope it helps you in synthesising...
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...Crime and Deviance Revision SCLY 4: Crime and Deviance with Methods in Context Sociology Department Greenhead College SCLY 4: Crime and Deviance with Methods in Context Remember: You have to revise everything, because you have no choice on the exam paper. The specification 1 Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control * Different definitions of crime, deviance, social order and social control * The distinction between sociological theories of crime and other theories (eg biological, psychological); crime and deviance as socially constructed * Functionalist theories of crime: Durkheim, anomie, collective conscience; Merton’s strain theory; manifest and latent functions; functionalist subcultural theories * Marxist and neo-Marxist theories of crime: classical Marxism, laws reflecting class interests; Neo-Marxism, hegemony, the CCCS studies, critical and new criminology * Interactionist theories of crime: labelling theory, the self-fulfilling prophecy * Feminist theories of crime: patriarchy, male control of women’s lives * Control theory and other contemporary approaches to crime: social bonds, communitarianism, situational prevention; postmodern theories; Foucault on individualisation and surveillance * Realist theories: New Left Realism and Right Realism * The relevance of the various theories to understanding different types of crime, and their implications for social policy. 2 The social distribution...
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...Praise for The Immortals of Meluha ‘Shiva rocks. Just how much Shiva rocks the imagination is made grandiosely obvious in The Immortals of Meluha ... Shiva’s journey from cool dude... to Mahadev... is a reader’s delight... What really engages is the author’s crafting of Shiva, with almost boyworship joy’ — The Times of India ‘The story is gripping and well-paced. An essentially mythological story written in a modern style, the novel creates anticipation in the readers mind and compels one to read with great curiosity till the end. The end however is a cliff-hanger and leaves one thirsting for more.’ — Business World ‘Amongst the top 5 books recommended by Brunch... the story is fascinating.’ — The Hindustan Times ‘...has philosophy as its underlying theme but is racy enough to give its readers the adventure of a lifetime.’ — The Hindu ‘Amongst the list of favourite holiday books of 2010. A fast paced story, you are bound to read it cover to cover in one sitting.’ — The Deccan Chronicle ‘Much before the box-office verdict on Rajneeti and Raavan became apparent, Indian readers gave a thumbs-up to The Immortals Of Meluha. Its author Amish, an IIM graduate, created a delightful mix of mythology and history by making Lord Shiva the hero of his trilogy. The first part has been on the Indian bestseller charts for quite some time now.’ — The Indian Express ‘...to me, The Immortals of Meluha is a political commentary with messages for our world and...
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...Praise for The Immortals of Meluha ‘Shiva rocks. Just how much Shiva rocks the imagination is made grandiosely obvious in The Immortals of Meluha ... Shiva’s journey from cool dude... to Mahadev... is a reader’s delight... What really engages is the author’s crafting of Shiva, with almost boyworship joy’ — The Times of India ‘The story is gripping and well-paced. An essentially mythological story written in a modern style, the novel creates anticipation in the readers mind and compels one to read with great curiosity till the end. The end however is a cliff-hanger and leaves one thirsting for more.’ — Business World ‘Amongst the top 5 books recommended by Brunch... the story is fascinating.’ — The Hindustan Times ‘...has philosophy as its underlying theme but is racy enough to give its readers the adventure of a lifetime.’ — The Hindu ‘Amongst the list of favourite holiday books of 2010. A fast paced story, you are bound to read it cover to cover in one sitting.’ — The Deccan Chronicle ‘Much before the box-office verdict on Rajneeti and Raavan became apparent, Indian readers gave a thumbs-up to The Immortals Of Meluha. Its author Amish, an IIM graduate, created a delightful mix of mythology and history by making Lord Shiva the hero of his trilogy. The first part has been on the Indian bestseller charts for quite some time now.’ — The Indian Express ‘...to me, The Immortals of Meluha is a political commentary with messages for our world and...
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