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España y Grecia empeoraron crisis: UE
La banca española y la incertidumbre política griega han agravado los problemas del bloque; el análisis de Europa señala que Italia y otras siete naciones podrían sufrir una nueva recesión.
Publicado: Miércoles, 30 de mayo de 2012 a las 10:04

BRUSELAS (Notimex) — La incertidumbre política en Grecia y las dudas acerca del sector bancario de España han hecho que la situación económica de la zona del euro vuelva a empeorar, luego de una mejora provisional en los primeros meses del año. Las conclusiones del análisis semestral de la economía de los 17 países de la unión monetaria realizado por la Comisión Europea (CE) y publicado este miércoles en Bruselas, evidencian la importancia de dar continuidad a las reformas y al rigor fiscal en la eurozona. El documento de 28 páginas destacó que "eso muestra que los mercado continúan excepcionalmente tensos y vigilantes y que la confianza permanece débil". Además "muestra que cualquier mejora de la situación depende de forma crucial en que se mantenga la apropiada política de respuesta a nivel nacional y de la zona del euro", agregó. Tras una revisión de las medidas adoptadas por los socios del euro, Bruselas ha confirmado que siete de ellos -España, Italia, Francia, Bélgica, Chipre, Finlandia y Eslovenia- corren el riesgo de sufrir una nueva crisis debido a la persistencia de desequilibrios macroeconómicos como déficits elevados, exportaciones débiles o burbujas inmobiliarias. Grecia, Irlanda y Portugal, los tres países ya rescatados por sus socios, no han sido analizados. La nueva escalada de la crisis podría rebajar las ya débiles perspectivas de crecimiento de la eurozona, que sitúan el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) del grupo en una baja de 0.3% este año y en 1.0% en 2013, advierte la CE. "Esa previsión de tenue recuperación se basa en el retorno de la confianza y en la suposición de que la crisis se estabilice y la situación de los mercados financieros se normalice", destacó el informe. Agregó que "la escalada de la crisis sigue siendo el mayor riesgo a la baja, lo que podría reiniciar el ciclo vicioso entre el sector financiero y la economía real y reducir significativamente las perspectivas de crecimiento". Para mejorar la situación, la CE recomienda reforzar el capital de los bancos europeos sin debilitar la oferta de crédito e imprimir más transparencia en el sector. "El retraso en reconocer las pérdidas podría reducir inversiones potencialmente productivas y ejercer un efecto negativo sobre el crecimiento", advirtió.

"Por ello, hace falta el reconocimiento correcto y transparente de los riesgos y una reestructuración oportuna para asegurar la salud tanto del sistema bancario como de la economía", señaló. Bruselas también sugiere que los socios del euro reduzcan los costos laborales, reformen sus sistemas de pensión y de salud pública para adaptarlos al envejecimiento de la población, fortalezcan la integración y la liberalización de sus mercados. Todo ello sin dejar de reducir sus déficits y deudas "de manera coordinada y sin limitar de manera excesiva el crecimiento económico". En paralelo a esa serie de recomendaciones generales, la CE también publicó este miércoles un análisis profundo acompañado de recomendaciones específicas para cada uno de los 27 países de la Unión Europea. El ejercicio se enmarca en el llamado "semestre europeo", una iniciativa acordada en el auge de la crisis con el objetivo de mejorar la gobernanza económica en la mancomunidad y prevenir futuros problemas. Los documentos serán sometidos a la aprobación de los gobiernos nacionales durante la cumbre de gobernantes del 28 y 29 de junio y, a partir de entonces, el cumplimiento de las medidas anunciadas será obligatorio.

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