...Financial Management Enid K Bukambu Dr. Figiel Contemporary Business 03/11/2012 Businesses have many areas to manage to keep things working smoothly. Finance is just one of these areas. Because finances impact virtually everything else the company does, it's probably the most important thing a manager must address. This paper discusses two companies, Google and Microsoft and their financial performance and how recession has affected them. Google is one of the leaders in internet information searching and the main services the company provides are search advertising, display advertising, mobile advertising and providing tools for publishers. Not only are these programs the backbone of the company but they’ve also enabled entrepreneurs and publishers around the world to grow their businesses and become successful. Google succeeds when the tools that it has built are useful to the users, their advertisers and other partners. And of course, the root of their business is to provide useful and relevant information to the millions of people around the world who rely on Google search to provide the answers they are seeking (Business overview, 2011). The company’s free easy-to-use tools help local business owners manage their presence on the web and grow their services. Any business can use Google’s online local database called Google Places to add a new listing or edit an existing one (Business overview, 2011) . One of Google’s leadership styles is to let your followers...
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...Chapter 02 The Role of IMC in the Marketing Process Multiple Choice Questions 1. According to the marketing and promotions process model, the marketing process begins with the: A. development of the marketing mix. B. development of a marketing strategy and analysis. C. development of the promotional mix. D. determination of the target market. E. establishment of marketing objectives. 2. A(n) _____ is a document that evolves from an organization's overall corporate strategy and serves as a guide for specific marketing programs and policies. A. strategic marketing plan B. integrated marketing communications plan C. situation analysis D. opportunity analysis E. competitive plan 3. _____ is a detailed assessment of the current marketing conditions facing the company, its product lines, or its individual brands. A. Strategic marketing plan B. Integrated marketing communications plan C. Situation analysis D. Opportunity analysis E. Competitive plan 4. _____ are defined as external areas where there are favorable demand trends, customer needs and wants are not being satisfied, and where a company thinks it can compete effectively. A. Market opportunities B. Market segments C. Competitive advantages D. Market strengths E. Market plans 5. To reach tweens (8-12 year olds), Jell-O brand gelatin marketers introduced X-treme Jell-O in wild berry, green apple, and watermelon flavors. The ads describe the gelatin flavors as...
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...Chapter 02 The Role of IMC in the Marketing Process Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 39-40) Under Armour developed dynamic advertising, sponsorships of sports leagues, a creative Web site and celebrity spokespeople to promote their sports and clothing products. Under Armour is engaged in: A. integrated marketing communications B. a centralized market strategy C. a concentrated market strategy D. an undifferentiated market strategy E. lifestyle segmentation based on sports See opening vignette. 2. (p. 41) According to the marketing and promotions process model, which of the following is NOT a stage in the target marketing process? A. market identification B. promotional decisions C. market segmentation D. positioning through marketing strategies E. target market selection 3. (p. 41) The marketing promotion model includes all of the following major components EXCEPT: A. the organization's marketing strategy and analysis B. the marketing planning program development C. the target marketing process D. the marketing management hierarchy plan E. the target market 4. (p. 41) According to the marketing and promotions process model, the marketing process begins with the: A. development of the marketing mix B. development of a marketing strategy and analysis C. development of the promotional mix D. determination of the target market E. establishment of marketing objectives 5. (p. 42) A(n) _____ is a document that evolves from an...
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...MKT001 – Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Additional information Market segmentation involves dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes. Through market segmentation, companies divide large, heterogeneous markets into smaller segments that can be reached more efficiently and effectively with products and services that match their unique needs. Geographic segmentation calls for dividing the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, counties, cities, or even neighborhoods. Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, and nationality. Demographic factors are the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups: Age and Life-Cycle Stage means offering different products or using different marketing approaches for different age and life-cycle groups. Gender segmentation has long been used in clothing, cosmetics, toiletries, and magazines. Income segmentation has long been used by the marketers of products and services such as automobiles, clothing, cosmetics, financial services, and travel. Psychographic segmentation divides buyers into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. Behavioral segmentation divides buyers into groups based on their...
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...Summary of Key Points for Chapter 7 This chapter looks further into key customer-driven marketing strategy decisions—how to divide up markets into meaningful customer groups (segmentation), choose which customer groups to serve (targeting), create market offerings that best serve targeted customers (differentiation), and positioning the offerings in the minds of consumers (positioning). Chapter Objectives: 1. Define the four major steps in designing a customer-driven marketing strategy: market segmentation, market targeting, differentiation, and positioning 2. List and discuss the major bases for segmenting consumer and business markets 3. Explain how companies identify attractive market segments and choose a market targeting strategy 4. Discuss how companies differentiate and position their products for maximum competitive advantage in the marketplace. Most companies have moved away from mass marketing and toward target marketing—identifying market segments, selecting one or more of them, and developing products and marketing programs tailored to each. Figure 7.1 (pg.216) shows the four major steps in designing a customer-driven marketing strategy. Market segmentation involves dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes. Market targeting (or targeting) consists of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more...
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...Before start think about marketing (4P), you must understand what is STP. Terms of STP include : market strategy; target markets; positioning; market segmentation and target markets; market segmentation and demographics Segmentation Segmentation : Identifying al segments for the product/service. Many of the resources listed in module 3 will be helpful to you when you develop segments. To be useful, segments should be: Measurable Accessible (can you reach them) Profitable Distinct from one another The objective of segmentation is to find attractive markets. Strategies include Break market into components Regroup into market segments Select which segment to target Positioning. Positioning is an essential component -- and skill - in good marketing. Perceptual maps are used to determine the position of a product, firm, person, service or idea. Positioning maps, or perceptual maps can be simple, yet very effective marketing tools. One definition of Positioning Theory is: the science of perceptual strategy. It is based on a theory that strategy can only be planned in the mind of the consumer, not the marketplace*. It is important to understand the levels of competition because positioning applies at all levels of competition. For example: Product Level (e.g., Pepsi vs. Coke) Category Level (e.g., Cola vs. Root beer) Corporate Level (e.g., Pepsi Inc. vs. Coca Cola Company) Industry Level (e.g., Beverage Industry vs. Snack food Industry) Targeting...
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...Introduction The process of marketing involves three key functions viz. market segmentation, targeting, and market positioning. Marketing segmentation concept is closely connected with the marketing mix. Market segmentation involves identifying the basis on which market needs to be segmented. Targeting involves selecting the target for segmentation. Positioning involves developing position to target the segments. Market segmentation is about aggregating prospective buyers into groups that have common needs. The groups that result from market segmentation are called market segments. Meaning / what is marketing segmentation? : Markets consist of buyers, and most often than not, these buyers have heterogeneous preferences. Thus, it is impossible for an organization to serve all these buyers with varied needs. Therefore, the notion of market segmentation is introduced. Market segmentation involves the process of identifying segmentation variables, or bases, and developing profiles of resulting segments. By going after segments instead of the whole market, companies have a better chance to deliver value to consumers and to receive rewards for close attention to consumer needs. Compaq, IBM and IPC are multinational companies that have branches worldwide. This is evident from their websites that cater to people from different countries. Compaq serves over 40 countries including Japan, Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States, just to...
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...MARKET SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING MARKET SEGMENTATION INTRODUCTION: - The market for any product is normally made up of several segments. A ‘market’ after all is the aggregate of consumers of a given product. And, consumer (the end user), who makes a market, are of varying characteristics user and buying behavior. There are different factors contributing for varying mind set of consumers. It is thus natural that many differing segments occur within a market. In order to capture this heterogeneous market for any product, marketers usually divide or disintegrate the market into a number of sub-markets/segments and the process is known as market segmentation. segmentation Thus we can say that market segmentation is the segmentation of markets into homogenous groups of customers, each of them reacting differently to promotion, communication, pricing and other variables of the marketing mix. Market segments should be formed in that way that difference between buyers within each segment is as small as possible. Thus, every segment can be addressed with an individually targeted marketing mix. The importance of market segmentation results from the fact that the buyers of a product or a service are no homogenous group. Actually, every buyer has individual needs, preferences, resources and behaviors. Since it is virtually impossible to cater for every customer’s individual characteristics, marketers group customers to market segments by variables they have in common. These...
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...Target markets are groups of individuals separated by distinguishable and noticeable characteristics . A company may have identified its target market, but selling its product may entail identifying even smaller, better defined target groups.A target audience and a target market can be formed of people of a certain age group, gender, or marital status. Target audience is specific group of people at which product is aimed at. Target audience determination is important part of the marketing strategy and has a direct impact on the advertising efforts . Examples * CVS Caremark's target market is women since they make up 80 percent of the pharmacy chain’s customers. CVS has marketed its stores to aid women who are constantly multitasking. They recently redesigned 1,200 of its 6,200 stores to appeal to women, including shorter wait times for prescriptions, wider and better-lit shopping aisles, and more beauty products. * If a company wants to sell a diet program for men with heart disease problem the communication may be aimed at the spouse who takes care of the nutrition plan of her husband and child. The companies often develop different marketing strategies for different consumer needs . the process by which they do this is known as target marketing . and it involve four basic steps . THE TARGET MARKETING PROCESS 1) IDENTIFYING MARKETS Target market isolates consumers with similar lifestyles , needs and the like and increase the companies knowledge of their specific...
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...Consumer Behavior, 10e (Schiffman/Kanuk) Chapter 1 Consumer Behavior: Meeting Changes and Challenges 1) The behavior that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs is known as ________. A) the production orientation B) consumer behavior C) narrowcasting D) positioning E) the marketing mix Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept Objective: 1.1: Understand what consumer behavior is and the different types of consumers 2) Which of the following is considered an example of consumer behavior? A) Janice prefers to buy name-brand pain relievers like Tylenol and Advil, rather than the store brand. B) Javier generally gets gas on Monday mornings on his way to work. C) Jessica prefers to buy her produce from the farmer's market instead of the grocery store. D) Jeremy generally recycles his old newspapers and cardboard boxes. E) All of the above are examples of consumer behavior. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Application Objective: 1.1: Understand what consumer behavior is and the different types of consumers 3) When Bill orders five movie tickets online for himself and his friends for a Friday night showing of the latest action thriller, he is acting as a(n) A) organizational consumer B) team consumer C) non-profit consumer D) market consumer E) personal consumer Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Application Objective: 1...
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...SEGMENTATION – TARGETING – POSITIONING Fragmentation of mass markets segments Consumers: variety of needs & preferences Marketers: offer variety of choices via multitude of marketing offerings Marketing segmentation: Needs Action Linking market needs to an org’s marketing program Market needs Segmentation/Targeting MM A market segment: Group of consumers with homogenous profile & common needs will similarly respond to a marketing program Segmentation – targeting – positioning 1 Using market-product grids: see how Reebok use different Reebok shoes to reach segments of customers with different needs Single product multiple market segments e.g. TIME magazine multiple geographical mkts multiple products multiple segments firm offers variations of the basic product to high-end and low-end users e.g. GAP with Old Navy, Banana Republic segments of one mass customization built to order Segmentation – targeting – positioning 2 How to segment and target markets: 1. Group potential buyers into segments 2. Group products into categories 3. Develop a Market-Product Grid and estimate size of the market 4. Select target markets 5. Take marketing actions to reach target markets Segmentation – targeting – positioning 3 Criteria used in defining segments: 1. profitability 2. similarity of needs of potential buyers within a segment 3. differences of needs and buyers across segments 4. potential of a marketing action to reach a segment 5. simplicity...
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...the major elements of a customer driven marketing strategy: segmentation, targeting, differentiation, and positioning. Marketers know that they cannot appeal to all buyers in their numerous, too widely scattered, and varied in their needs and buying practices. Therefore, most companies today practice target marketing- identifying market segments, selecting one or more of them, and developing products and marketing mixes tailored to each. Customer driven marketing strategy begins with selecting which customers to serve and deciding on a value proposition that best serves the targeted customers. It consists of four steps. Market segmentation is the act of dividing marketing into distinct groups of buyers with different, characteristics, or behaviors who might require separate products or marketing mixes. Once the groups identified market targeting evaluates each marketing segments attractiveness and selects one or more segments to serve. Market targeting consists of designing strategies to build the right relationships with the right customers. Differentiation involves actually differentiating the market offering to create superiors customer value. Positioning consist of positioning the market offering in the minds of target customers. Market Segmentation: Market consists of buyers, and buyers differ in one or more ways. They may differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes, and buying practices. Through market segmentation, companies divide large heterogeneous...
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...Chapter Eight: Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning Process Step 1: Establish Overall Strategy or Objectives * The segmentation strategy must be consistent with and derived from the firm’s mission statement and strategic objectives, as well as it’s current state * Current state involves SWOT Analysis (internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats) Step 2: Profile Segments * The second step in the segmentation process is to describe the different segments (needs, wants, characteristics), which helps firms better understand the profile of the customers in each segment Segmentation Method | Sample Segments | 1. Geographic | Country, province, city, urban, rural, climate, continent: North America, Asia, Europe, Africa, Region: Atlantic, Central, Western Canada | 2. Demographic | Age, gender, income, education, occupation, ethnic background, religion, family life cycle | 3. Psychographic | Lifestyles, values, self concept | 4. Behavioural | Benefits derived, usage rates, user status. Loyalty | 1. Geographic Segmentation – the grouping of consumers on the basis of where they live * Divide market into separate geographic units of countries, regions, provinces, cities, neighbourhoods, climates, etc. * Then hey can develop appropriate marketing programs according to the areas * Geographic segmentation is most useful for companies who’s products satisfy needs...
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...Special Topics in Marketing Designing Customer Driven Strategies: Positioning Differentiation Targeting Segmentation Create Value for the Targeted Customers Decide on a Value Proposition Select Customers to Serve To Design a Customer Driven Strategy: * Select Customers to Serve: * Segmentation: Dividing the market into smaller groups with distinct needs, characteristics or behaviours who might require separate products or marketing mixes * Targeting: The process of evaluating the attractiveness of each segment and selecting one or more segments to enter * Decide on the Value Proposition: * Differentiation: Differentiating the firm’s offering to create a value for the target customers * Positioning: Arranging for a market offering to occupy a clear, distinctive and desirable place relative to competition in customers’ minds. Chapter One: Segmentation: Segmentation is dividing the market into smaller groups with distinct needs, characteristics or behaviours who might require separate products or marketing mixes Requirements for Effective Segmentation: * Accessible * Substantial * Differentiable * Actionable Types of Market Segmentation: * Segmenting Consumer Markets: * Geographic: Divides the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, countries or cities * Demographic: Divides the market into groups based on variables such...
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...UNIT 4 Marketing Principles LO2 Be able to use the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning CASE STUDY: You are a Business Development Consultant. Your Firm is hired by a small business enterprise that is facing myriads of marketing and organizational challenges. YOUR JOB AS A BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANT IS TO 1) Analyze the problems in the business, 2) Research solutions and/or benchmark good practices, 3) Make suitable recommendations for improvements, and 4) Help the business to implement these recommendations satisfactorily. TEAM ASSIGNMENTS PRESENTATION: 15 MINUTES LEARNING OUTCOME 2: Be able to use the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 2.1 Show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions 2.2 Propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets 2.3 Choose a targeting strategy for a selected product/service 2.4 Demonstrate how buyer behavior affects marketing activities in different buying situations 2.5 Propose new positioning for a selected product/service Submission Deadline: November 16, 2015 TEAM ASSIGNMENT: AC 2.1 Show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions Guiding Term Paper Questions The business believes that competition from nearby businesses is preventing it from growing and increasing sales. However many other micro and macro factors are impacting sales and its marketing decisions. So show the macro...
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