1. Barriers to effective communication

A. Physical barriers
Internal structure of the organization and layout of office machines and equipments creates physical barriers in communication
a. Distance: – communication is found obstructed in long distance. Like communication between America and Nepal.
b. Noise: – it is from external sources and affects the communication process. Noise negatively affects the accuracy
c. Physical arrangement: – the physical arrangement of organizational sources like men, money, material and machine obstruct the communication process.
B. Semantic barriers
The use of difficult and multiple use of languages, words, figures, symbols create semantic barriers.
a. Language: – we can find some words having different meaning. As meaning sent by the sender can be quite different from the meaning understood by the receiver. Long and complex sentences creates problem in communication process.
b. Jargons: – technical or unfamiliar language creates barriers to communication that may be drawn from the literature. So message should be simple and condensed as far as possible so that no confusion creation will be there to the receiver.
C. Organizational barriers
It is raised from the organizational goals, regulations, structure and culture.
a. Poor planning: – it refers to the designing, encoding, channel selection and conflicting signals in the organization.
b. Structure complexities:- difficult organizational structure barrier for free flow of information. Appropriate communication process must be used.
c. Status differences: – it creates barrier for communication. Superior provides information to the subordinate about plans and policies. Different information is provided by different subordinates who create barrier in communication.
d. Organizational distance:- distance between sender and