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Marginal Costing
Basic Concepts

Marginal Cost

This is the variable cost of one unit of product or a service.

Marginal Costing

It is a principle whereby variable cost are charged to cost units and fixed cost attributable to the relevant period is written off in full against contribution for that period.

Absorption
Costing

A method of costing by which all direct cost and applicable overheads are charged to products or cost centres for finding out the total cost of production. Absorbed cost includes production cost as well as administrative and other cost.

Direct Costing

This is a principle under which all costs which are directed related are charged to products, processes, operations or services, of which they form an integral part.

Differential
Costing

It is a technique used in the preparation of ad-hoc information in which only cost and income differences in between alternative courses of action are taken into consideration.

Marginal
Contribution

This is the difference between selling price and variable cost of production. Break-even
Chart

A mathematical or graphical representation, showing approximate profit or loss of an enterprise at different levels of activity within a limited range.

Break-even
Point

This is the level of activity there is neither a profit nor a loss.

Cash Break-even
Point

It is the level of activity where there is neither a cash profit nor a cash loss.

Cost Break-even
Point

It is the level of activity where the total cost under two alternatives are the same. It is also known as Cost indifference point.

Profit
Chart

It is a diagram showing the expected relationship between costs, revenue at various volumes with profit being the residual.

Volume

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

Marginal Costing

12.2

Volume or P/V

It

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