Argument template

The given argument presents a couple of assumptions and facts to arrive at the conclusion that ______claim_______, (which in term) _________conclusion_______.
The argument cities the (example, survey data) as an evidence in support of its claim that ____________. An overview of the argument would lead the reader to be convinced of the authenticity of the claim made. However, on closer scrutiny / on analyzing the given argument from all perspectives, one can indentify various weak links/loopholes/flaws that make the argument weak/ stand out as conspicuous logical flaws. These flaws are going to be discussed in the succeeding paragraphs.

1 Insufficient / implausible support
Firstly, ________________may not be the primary / main reason for ____________.
This assumption appears to be illogical as there can be various factors for _________.
______ may be attributes to _________. ________ are all important factors to be considered. Therefore, the claim_____________ seems far-fetched and illogical/ vague / unsound/ambiguous.

2 Confusing correlation with causation
Secondly, the claim that ______________ is a classic case of confusing correlation with causation. _________ may in fact ____________. It dose follow that ___________. Perhaps ______________ for entirely different reasons. The claim alone does not suffice as a supportive reason for _________.

3 Basing on current trend
Thirdly, the argument holds its relevance on the assumption that the number of _______ would increase / decrease in the coming years. However, there is no guarantee that this would be the case. It is likely that ___________. In such a case the argument loses its validity/ is baseless / does not hold good.

In view of /light of above,
1. it can be seen that the argument fails to provide strong evidence in support of the claim that _____________.
2. it can be said that the conclusion presented in the argument sounds unconvincing due to a lack of substantial evidence as _______ not _________.
1. The argument can be strengthened by documenting its most important premise with data. If, for example, ___________.
2. The mention of addition evidence in the form of ___________ would aid in establishing the conclusion of the argument with certainty.
In its present form, the conclusion presented by the argument fails to appear acceptable due to a lack of credible evidence. / due to a lack of adequate evidence, the argument fails to convince the reader that the conclusion is justified.

Education institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

Education institutions take the responsibility to educate, nurture the student into a moral person. By acquiring them with different ranges and types of knowledge and skills, student can know what he excels at and also his ability. The ability of everyone is different, so one can bases on their strength to choose what he pursues. On the other hand, one can select their path by his interest. It is not related to the ability to learn, but the desire. Everyone can opt for their future by their will if his standard does meet the minimum requirements of the institutions. No one can hinder him from doing so as there is opportunity for every to learn and gain.

Learning is a time-life career. One who can turn their education into his interest would gain much satisfactory in the pursuit of study. Teacher takes the responsibility to guide their student to look for their keen fields of study. Once he has developed his interest in several aspects of study, whether he is excel at that field or not, his tutor or mentor should persuade and encourage he to keep going. This is not the matter related to success, but the personal will and pursue. No one can guarantee they will not have a bright future while following their favor path. Thus, educational institutions should not hinder the development of interests of the students basing on their superficial judgment.

Educational institutions may find the candidates with insufficient sense in their fields of study difficult in catching up the syllabus or schedule comparing with the intellectual student. Teachers may feel worry about this minority of students will show down the class progress, therefore, dissuade them from taking similar subject in the coming semester. It is unbiased that no one can do equally best in the same thing. Being talent is just a bonus, what may lead one to success is his diligent. One who possesses with diligent is willing to exert himself and probable surmount the difficulties ahead. If the student is keen on acquired himself with skills and knowledge, and willing to dedicate time and soul to his achievement, teachers should not become his hurdles due to his enthusiasm.

Sometimes what the teacher may do is not dissuade student from unsuccessful, but from success. Not every student in a class is enthusiastic about his study and pursues their fields of interest prudently. They may continue their elementary education reluctantly. In this case, what they want to pursue is an undesirable path which is dropping from school as soon as possible. Insufficient education will attribute them for their unmoral action or even commission of criminal. This path is easier to achieve and succeed. Should the teacher not to dissuade from doing so? Definitely no. The responsibility of the teacher is to ensure every student to be treated equally and train them into a moral person. Not only should they dissuade them, but they should guide them by heart in order to lead the student into a proper way. Under no circumstances should the teacher give up his students.

Thus, the outcome of pursuing study is not only restricted to score, but the will and the interest of the leaner. The meaning of education will be deteriorated if teachers only pay attention to the performance of the student. Everyone in an education institution should be treated impartially and their needed should be taken care as well. Teacher should encourage student to pursue their will bravely even though it will be in vain. They won't know whether they will succeed unless they make a leap.600

The argument highlights the fact that dormitories of Buckingham College are falling short of supply in the coming years. The statement reaches at the conclusion that more dormitories should be built to meet the future in order to attract interest of prospective student. The author presents the statistics that indicate the growing trend of enrollment and the surging rent of the nearby apartment as the evidence in support of the claim he made. An overview of the argument may convince the reader the authenticity of the statement. However, on closer scrutiny one may discover several loopholes that make the argument illogical and unsound. Those illogical flaws are discussed in the succeeding paragraphs.

Firstly, the author presumes there will be an increasing number of enrollments over 50 years based on current trends, but, the data obtained by now does not imperatively reflect the reality in the future. The population cannot be accurately predicted, it may go down in the future that affect the enrollment number. Moreover, the resident may concern about moving to other countries or sending their children study abroad. Buckingham's enrollment will be plunging in either situation. So the data supported by the author is not indicative enough to provide the actual condition of the future. This unreliable fact makes the assumption far-fetched and baseless.

Secondly, it is suggested that the rent for an apartment in the town has risen in recent years. By no mean should the author utilize the present fact to demonstrate the future trend as the reason had been stated in the previous paragraph. In addition, renting apartment is the only accommodation other than living in dormitory. One may choose home-staying in the town, in which living with a host family. This is one of the alternatives with reasonable price. One may also chose to live with their family or relatives instead of renting house even it takes more time to travel to school. Therefore, the escalating of apartments' rent would not contribute to the increasing demand of dormitory. The statement presented in form of evidence is unsound.

Thirdly, the author claims that building new dormitory can attract more candidates to enroll the college. It should be reminded that there are a lot of factors affect the choice of the student. Enrollment number lays not only on the situation and offer of the dormitory but also factors considering the qualification of the tutor, the college fee, the prevalence of the college, etc. The author presents him assumption, create more dormitories' vacancies, which may lead to the appreciation of enrollment number, is a classic case of confusing correlation with causation. In light of the above, the claim raised by the author does not suffice as solid evidence.

The argument can be strengthen by listing more possibilities that may attributes to the increase in enrollment number, as mentioned above, but not only take the situation of dormitory as the main supportive statement. Also, he can make the argument more convincing by documenting his important premise with data. For example, the survey on the number of students who want to live in dormitory and the vacancies provided. Due to a lack of substantial evidence, the argument fails to convince the reader that the conclusion is justified.

Quantitative analytics has always enchanted me from my undergraduate studies. My interest in it has gradually grown in me since I was a sophomore. I attended a course in Quantitative and Computational Methods, which aroused me a keen appreciation of the discipline of mathematics and numerical analysis. I have always enjoyed in area that require problem solving, analytical and mathematical skills, even though I had not have any background knowledge of Pure Mathematics and Apply Mathematics at the time being. I am zealous at combining the knowledge of, and aptitude for, these skills with my interest in risk analytics.

In my sophomore summer, Part time employment as a sale representative in an undergarment exporting company has been a rewarding experience. My responsibilities include contacting and approaching prospective customers from Europe and vendors from Chain. These efforts have paid off as a result of the long list of satisfied and regular clients such as H&M, Women’ Secret, etc. Their feedback to the company has resulted in the high return on sales. All of these have led me to aspire to an interest in the field of business and finance.

In addition, my research topic for my senior year, as a group of three classmates project work, the topic was "Labview Controlled Power Supply for Co-deposition System in Thermal Evaporation Chamber ". I, as a dedicated member of the team, had involved and been responsibly in structure and mechanism design together with thermal system, programming and the data analysis. The programming involved with controlling and position calculations which conduce towards further self-studied in MatLab and LabView. This project helped a lot in consolidating my calculation and analyzing skills, such as Finite Element Method, Differential Equation, MatLab and LabView. The project was particularly fulfilling because I learnt various aspects such as working under time and cost constraints and analyzing and quantifying the subjectivity of certain response. It also reinforced my problem solving and analytical abilities.

In the future I see myself, as a risk analyst, to obtain a rigorous, demanding and rewarding position in this profession. To achieve my career goals, I would like to gain exposure to the latest practices adopted in the field of financial mathematic. To this end I would want to work in the treasury of a commercial bank, which would enable me to help corporations manage their risks and make the right financial decision that will result in economic stability and high return. I would like to bring this acquired expertise back to Hong Kong to help companies in my home country.

I believe that my educational background has instilled in me the qualities required to meet this demanding profession. Graduation in engineering has provided me a strong foundation in mathematics and computer programming, also equipped me with the problem solving and analytical skills required to excel in the demanding profession of finance. Along with my strong personal characters: diligent, persevering, and eager to learn and to process. I dream high and work hard to achieve my goals.
I strongly feel that Financial Engineering & Risk Analytics program at Lally School, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is a highly structured program because it provides the right balance between theory and practice. Also its outstanding faculty and research facilities place emphasis on a collaborative learning environment, flexibility in curriculum and a global perspective to various key issues. I hope to become a part of this dynamic culture which will give me a leading edge to work effectively in diverse teams and situations.

I hope my background and qualifications are found suitable for the admission. I would consider it an honor if I could study at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and assure you that I will put in my utmost effort into this domain.

Legislative reforming and new policy implementing are inevitable in a country and a society. As there are different sounds from every status of the society, policy that can meet up the need of everybody is difficult to be achieved. Some may claim that the government should force on solving the immediate problems of today, some assert that problems of the future should also take into consideration. What should be the case?

The most important and imperative for the government to do before implementing any policy is to identify the urgent need of the citizens. As there are numerous problems exist in the society, it is essential for the authority to recognize the most severe problems that needed to be tackled. The authority should seek opinions of people from all walks of life. There will be tones of suggestion that the government needed to be digest and consider. The collective information can help government to initiate their preliminary proposal. However, it will be impossible to take care of the needs desired by everybody, further deliberation is required.

It is necessary to analyze the top priority among the needs, which is affecting the citizens and currently aroused outrage. The tactics for the authority surly lay on alleviating the outcry of the citizens. So, prompt action should be taken in order to ease their unsatisfactory with the government. For example, problems relate to uprising properties price, surging unemployment rate, poverty, etc. These are main culprits lead to disharmony of the society. Solving the urgent needs with respect to the wills of resident is a good decision.

One may assert that only solving the immediate problems is shortsighted. Anticipating the available problems doesn't mean neglect future plan. Undoubtedly, a wise government should consider the effect of the policy not only at the time being of implementation, but also the effect in the future. Policy at the present should be coherently related and attributed for the future legislation. A wisely planned policy can lay down solid foundations for the future policy. Any effective plan would benefit to the future generations and fulfill the need of the present.

In the light of the above, to maintain the harmony of the society, the government should carefully study the needs of the residents. Also, the policy laid down should be of solid reference and evidence. It should be substantial and credible that allows amendments when the time passed and situation changed. It must be take care of the need from the present to the future. 417

The given argument presents a couple of assumptions to arrive the conclusion that the melting of sea ice affects the age-old migration patterns of Arctic deer, which in term cause the decline in their populations. The author cities the reports from local hunters and data relevant to the trends of global warming presented as evidences in support of the claim made. An overview of the argument would lead the reader to be convinced the authenticity of the claim the author made. However, on analyzing the argument from all perspectives, one may identify various loopholes and flaws that make the argument weak. These flaws are discussed in the succeeding paragraphs.

Firstly, the argument holds its relevance on the reports presented by the local hunters stating that the deer populations are declining. However, the number of hunters who are being interviewed is unknown. The statement does not hold good as there is a lack of substantial data. There may be just one or two hunters expressing their superficial views on the number of deer. Therefore, the claim does not suffice as solid evidence due to a lack of persuasive and concrete data.

Secondly, the given argument points out that there is decreasing number of deer according to the local hunters. However, the chance of seeing a group of energetic and fast-moving animals is of rare occurrence. The hunters had observed a diminishing amount of deer in certain area may just be a coincidence. There is lacking accurate surveys on the number of deer, thus, the argument highlights that there is decreasing number of deer sounds unconvincing due to the vague assumption.

Thirdly, the author claims that there is a direct relation between the trends of global warming which have caused the sea ice to melt and the declined populations of deer results in the disturbance of their migration patterns. This may not be the only reason for the phenomena. This assumption appeals illogical as there can be various factors that contribute to the descending of deer's population. For example, escalating of the number of predators that prey on deer, or increasing number of competitors which feed on the same vegetations as deer. Due to the theory of survival of the fittest and natural selection, these may fluctuate the concentration of deer. In such case, the assumption loses its validity and sounds ambiguous.

In light of the above, it can be seen that the argument fails to provide strong evidence in support of the claim made. It can be strengthened by documenting its important premise with data. For example, the survey on the number of deer before and after the global warming trends. The mention of addition evidence in form of other reasons that lead to the population of deer decline as stated previously. Due to a lack of adequate evidence, the argument fails to convince the reader that the conclusion is justified. 480

Due to the vigorous development of human beings since last century, it has placed adverse effects on the habitats of wild animals. The human activities have become more frequent and tremendous comparing with the past. They include, for example, deforestation, agriculture activities, predation of wild animals, etc. These all bring the environment to the worst situation. Some of the species cannot get alone with the ecological changes and result in extinction. Prompt action is needed to take in order to protect the endangered animals.

The human activities carry much weight with the destruction of ecological balance. Deforestation benefits the human with the use of paper and timber, and also expands the land for domestics uses. Food supply can be increased by agriculture activities, but the use of pesticide may poison the nearby organisms and over-cultivation may make the land lose its nutrients' content result in irreversible usage of the land. Predation of wild animal for sales may influence the food chain in the ecology. Above phenomenon contribute to declining the population of some endangered species. So the authority concerned should take the responsibility to save them.

Some may concern the money and resource allotted to conserve the endangered species would be numerous. They suggest saving only the potential extinction of these species that is the result of human activities. The disappearing of the species is of natural occurrence. Base on the theory of natural selection suggested by Darwin, the species with strong biological traits can survive, but the others should be eliminated. This is the principle of survival of the fittest and contributes to the biological evolution. Therefore, should the society lets the unaffected species follow the natural rule and to become extinct? In my point of view, it is not the case.

Every species is precious and should be preserved. They all witness the change of world and stay harmoniously with the human beings. We should save them from danger as they have ecological values. The biological experts have suggested that the decreasing number of bee has great impact to the ecology as well as human. Bee helps carry pollen and enhance the reproduction of plants. The extinction of bee will cause huge influence to ecological equilibrium. The extinction rate of human being will also be accelerated if there is no more bees on the world. So, concerning the above factors, the society should take the responsibility to save endangered species.

In light of the above, the society should bring heads together to tackle the problems concerning extinction of animals in all perspectives. We should all spare no efforts to protect them as we are all parts of this world. No matter the certain species is affected by human activities or not, its existence is significant to the environment.460

The given argument presents a couple of assumptions to arrive at the conclusion that the WWAC radio station should change its format to a news and talk format. An overview of the argument may lead the reader to be convinced of the authenticity of the claim made. However, on analyzing the argument from all perspectives, one may identify various loopholes and flaws that make the argument weak. These flaws are going to be discussed in the succeeding paragraphs.

Firstly, the argument claims that the population growth in WWAC listening area attributes for the increasing number of new retired residents, and the radio format should be tailors to their tastes. However, there is no concrete data that shows the concentration of the new immigrants, and no information about the exact number of retired person. Moreover, there is no guarantee that every of them have the tendency to listen to the radio frequently. Therefore, this claim seems baseless and vague.

Secondly, there is decline in the sale of recorded music, however, it may not indicate the limited interest in music of the resident. The reason for the decrease in recorded music sale may due to various reasons. People may alter their way of appreciating music by accessing internet. Some may go to watch the musical concert directly. So, one cannot say that the decrease in the sale incurred is due to the loss of interest in music of people. It may because the price of the CD is set too high that make the people unlikely to purchase.

Thirdly, the author suggests that WWAC radio station should switch to a news and talk format to attract the interest of the new audients. However, is there any survey shows that people are more likely to listen the talk format instead of other alternatives? They may keen on listing to other music format other than rock music. There is no solid evidence supporting the claim made.

In light of the above, the argument fails to provide strong evidence in support of thee claim made. The argument can be strengthened by documenting its important premise with data, such as the population of the new resident listening to WWAC radio channel, and the survey on the residents' favorite radio format, which would aid in establishing the conslusion with certainty. In its present form, due to a lack of adequate evidence, the argument fails to convince the reader that the conclusion is justified. 406

Due to the rapid development of the technology, the quality of the human life has been improving for a lot. Some claim that the scientists should focus their research on the area that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.

The development of technology helps human beings to improve their living quality. Long time ago, when there was limited knowlegde on the utilities machine, people worked in form of toilsome, however, with low efficiency and less outcome. Nowadays, the adventage of the usage of technology assist people to alleviate their worklaod and improve efficiency. For example, the machines use in agriculture activities help increase the production. Therefore, more food is supplied for humans' need. It is significant for scientists to focus their works that would benefit to the majority.

There are different branches of science that the researchers are dedicated to, some of which may not likely fulfill the need of most people. Some academic subjects, for example, related to the investigation of universe, may not necessarily contributes to boost the qaulity of human life. These researches seem of less importance comparing to the production technology. However, it can lead human to gain the addictional knowledge of the mytric universe and to trace back where we come from. Although these kinds of reseraches may not benifit to most people, they have investigative value.

In light of the above, either of the branches of the scientistic research can contribute to the society. The researches that can benefit to the need of the marjority should surely be promoted and supported in order to further improve life of human. The authority should strik balance between to which resource be allocated.