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Case 1 Banking network 在某一个城市内,有一个零售银行,其领导层正在考虑是否要增加网点。 Q1 你觉得要做出这个决定,需要考虑哪些因素? -我首先想要知道领导层想要增加网点的动机是什么,扩大业务?增加利润?抢占市场份额 ?或者其他? -是为了增加销售收入。 -在了解了他们的目标以后,我觉得这个问题可以从三个方面来考虑,customer,competit or,company,我们可以具体来看一下,首先是 customer。。 。 Q2 不用考虑前两个方面,直接看这个银行自己,你觉得应该关注哪些方面? -首先要看一下现在的网点够不够用。 -怎么判断够不够用? -先了解现在网点的数量和分布。 Q3 我现在给你的这个矩形代表这个城市,四个点代表这个银行的四个网点,然后你怎么办 ? -接下来我想了解一下每个网点可以覆盖的地理面积。 -我画给你的圈就代表它们覆盖的地理面积。 -接下来是这些面积中的人口集中度。 -这些信息也有了,你还想知道什么? -这些人口中有多少是我们的客户。 -还有吗? -这些客户一般会进行哪些业务,这些业务是不是对银行而言有力可图? -就是客户深度是吗? -。。 。(汗) 是的吧。 Q4 现在我们可以得到一个公式,网点的人口覆盖率*覆盖区域内的客户广度*这些客户的深 度,这个公式的值会决定我们的销售额。如果我们现在知道网点人口的覆盖率是 95%,你 觉得还要增加网点吗? -我觉得不用了,银行可以把钱用于怎么样提高覆盖区域之内的客户广度和客户深度。 -可是我们的客户如果就是不相信,坚持要增加网点数量,你该怎么办? -我可以计算一下增加网点数量和增加客户广度深度这两种方法的投资回报,NVP 什么的, 然后向他证明后者对增加销售收入更加有效。 -还有别的方法吗? -我可以在竞争对手中找两个,一个是网点数多的,另一个是网点数不多客户广度和深度比 较好的,通过比较两个银行的业绩来向他说明后者更有竞争力。 -(悻悻地问)你还需要别的方法来说服他吗? -不用了,够了。 -(汗,还好够了,我再也想不出来了。 ) 总结:

1、这是一个很典型的没有什么 framework 可以套用的 case,但是这不意味着开头说的那些 3C 就没有用,至少你可以向他证明,你可以很全面地思考一个问题。有的时候面试官知道 这些不是他想要的,但是还是想听你就每一部分展开说说,以此来判断你是真的会用这个 framework 还是只是套用一下而已。所以了解基本的 framework 其实挺有用的,是咨询入门 的第一步。 2、问问题很重要,我挺喜欢在 interviewer 出了题目以后问他这样做的目的是什么,很多 case 只是问你一个 approach 好不好,如果问清楚了目的,就比较容易抓住问题的本质。这 个 case 就很明显,目的是增加销售额,增加网点只是一个手段,最终发现其实是无效的。 3、 在这个过程中,除了开头我想了大概一分钟,其实都是在 interviewer 问了问题之后马 上回答的,所以反应要快,但是并不意味着草率。 4、事实证明 interviewer 是非常 nice 的,他帮我总结了我的思路,给我豁然清晰的感觉。 5、说服客户是 consultant 经常需要做的事情,后面的 case 中,我还遇到过这样的问题。 Case 2 A leasing firm` s revenue 我们的客户想在北京开一家出租吊车的公司,这种吊车用于建办公楼。 Q1 估算一下这个新开的公司一年的销售收入是多少? -首先我想了解一下吊车租赁的市场,它的大小,每年增长率,有什么进入障碍…… -关于这个市场的还有吗 -还有这个市场的供给和需求,比如这个市场是供大于求的,还是相反…… Q2 你觉得北京市场上对于吊车租赁的需求有多大? -这取决于北京新盖多少办公楼。 -你怎么确定北京新盖多少办公楼? -我可以去看一下北京政府的规划性文件,比如“十一五计划”之类的,上面有关于未来几 年的建设规划。 -换一个方法 -(就知道没那么简单) ,可以去统计年鉴上查一下去年北京新盖了多少办公楼,这些年平 均的增长率是多少,据此估算一下今年或者明年是多少。 -换一个方法 -(还要啊! )看一下今年市场上各大吊车租赁公司的业绩,根据市场增长率推算明年的情 况。 -换一个方法 -(Oliver 呀,我顶不住啦! )看看北京现在造好了多少办公楼,将来还要造多少楼。 Q3 现在假设北京城大小 20KM*20KM,你怎么计算有多少办公楼? -我觉得办公楼比较可能造在商业中心这样的地方,比如在上海淮海路,陆家嘴一带就很多 办公楼。所以我要看看北京有多少商业中心。 -你觉得有几个?

-北京那么大,有两三个吧。 -假设北京有 1 个商业中心,大小是北京城总面积的 5%,然后你怎么办? -20*20*5%=20 平方千米,然后我要看一下这么大的面积里有多少是用来造楼的,因为一定 还会有一点绿化呀,路呀什么的。 -假设 20 平方千米中有 75%的面积造楼,其他是绿化和路,然后你怎么办? -20*0.75=15 平方千米,我再看一下 15 平方千米中间,哪些造好了,哪些没有造好。 -50%对 50% -那就是还有 50%*15=7.5 平方千米没有造好。然后看明年会造多少? -造还没有造好的 20% -20%*7.5=1.5 平方千米,然后看 1.5 平方千米可以造多少栋楼? -怎么看? -看看每幢楼多少大,然后除一下。 -那你觉得每幢楼多少大? -如果算是一个正方形,边长 80-150 米。 -就算边长 100 米吧。 -100 米=0.1 千米,0.1*0.1=0.01 千米,1.5/0.01=150 幢楼。 Q4 ,明年北京会造 150 幢办公楼,然后你怎么算这个吊车公司的销售收入? -我看一下在这个 150 栋楼里面,那些是这个公司的市场份额。 -你怎么看? -我看一下现在有多少公司做吊车租赁? -你觉得呢? -不会很多,大概 10-20 家。 -就算 10 家吧,然后呢? -10 家的话,平均每家就是 10%的份额。新组建的公司占的市场份额可能会少一点,大概 3% -5% -就算 5% -150*0.05=7.5 幢楼。 Q5 现在知道了这个公司明年可以为 7.5 栋楼提供吊车租赁的服务,然后怎么算销售收入? -我要知道造一栋楼需要多少辆吊车,用多久,价格是多少。 -造一幢楼 12 个月,1-4 月用三辆,5-8 月用二辆,9-12 月用一辆,每辆每月 230,000RMB。 -4*3+4*2+4*1=24,24*7.5=180,180*230,000=41.4M,这就是我们要求的销售收入,对吗 ? -你算的,你告诉我对不对。 -(55555555555555555555555)我觉得好像对的。 -好吧。 Q6 你觉得这个行业有什么 entrance barrier? -首先是资金,因为购买吊车需要一大笔资金的。其实是一些大的吊车公司可能和建筑公司 有长期的合作关系或者长期的合同。

Q7 说了那么多了 summarize 以下。 -我们通过三步来求这个新建的吊车租赁公司的销售收入:1.明年整个市场(新建办公楼) 的大小 2.该公司预计的市场份额 3.建造每幢办公楼吊车的使用情况,然后把整个计算过 程回顾一遍。 总结: 1.写得我累死了,你们看流水帐一定也看得累死了,可是这就是真实的情况,一个很典型 的计算型案例,是 CF 经常会遇到的题目。一步一步走,说得容易做起来太难了,一不小心 就跳到前面去了,把所有想到的东西都说出来,哪怕是非常简单的常识,让面试官知道你 是基于什么样的假设上作出这样的回答的,他才能非常迅速地找到你的问题,并把你拉回 正道。 2.大胆做假设,然后说出你的依据,说错了没关系的,又有谁能做到无所不知呢。学长和 我说过一句话,其实有时候面试官问你的问题他自己也不知道答案,所以不要怕自己一点 SENSE 都没有,重要的是过程。关于数据么,你们看,他觉得重要的他会告诉我的,让我估 算只是想看看我是怎么想的。 3.关于计算,这个没办法的,只好多算算咯。稍微算错点没关系的,我最后就把 41.4 说成 了 4.14,后来发现是听单价的时候听错了。由于中英的数字表达方式不相同,所以很容易 犯错的。可以做的就是,calculate aloud,面试官会知道你在用什么数字计算,如果发现 错了会及时提醒你的,千万不要自己闷头算。 4.WORKSHOP 的时候也提到了要做 summarize,这也是看具体 CASE 而定的。像这个 CASE 特 别长 ,结构比较复杂,做完了以后面试官就想看一下,关注完细节之后是不是可以马上回过头 去总结出 whole picture,这也许是咨询需要的一种能力吧。 Case 3 A transformer manufacturer’s development 我们的客户是一家变频器生产商,这种变频器在国外比较普遍,在国内才刚刚开始推广, 作用是可以使设备精度更高,更省电。我们的客户在国际市场处于领先地位,进入中国三 年目前的销售收入是 1.2 亿。我们的客户想在五年内把销售额增加到 10 亿,该怎么办? Q1 我们的客户想在五年内把销售额增加到 10 亿,该怎么办? -增加销售额主要有三个方面:1. Defend the current market 2.explore market of ot her kinds of products 3.explore market in other regions.在这里第三种方法不行, 主要用第一或者第二种。我想了解一下我们客户所在的市场是什么样的,竞争对手是谁? -中国变频器市场可以分为高端、中端和低端。高端主要是欧美产品,占总市场的 10%,每 年有 10%的增长率,使我们客户现在所在的市场,我们的客户的占了其中 50%的市场;中 端 市场主要是日韩和台湾地区的产品,占市场的 70%,每年有 5%的增长率,低端是中国本地 企 业为主,占市场的 20%,增长率是 15%。 -首先,应该考虑是否有可能在目前的高端市场中吸引更多的客户。其实,考虑是不是有可 能进入其他的两个市场。

-进入哪个市场比较好? -低端市场,因为增长率比较高。 Q2 5 年内从 1.2 亿增加到 10 亿,年增长率是多少? -(申明:我不是计算器!(10/1.2)开 4 次方,100%? ) -你算算如果 100%的话,应该是多少? -1.2,2.4,4.8,9.6,19.2,好像多了点,那大概是 50%-60%吧。 -差不多。 Q3 如果要决定进入低端市场,有什么方法? -自己建一个或者买一个现成的。 -各自有什么好处和坏处?比如买一个现成的会比较快。 -自己建一个比较慢的,可能延误商机,由于对这个新的市场不是很熟悉,没有现成的客户 ,所以有比较大的风险。买一个会比较快的,而且有现成的客户和供应商,但是可能遇到 管理层罢工以及融合方面的一些问题。 总结: 1. 蛮典型的一个案例,很多东西都是一个商业常识,可能读管理的同学会比较有优势的, 但是临时想也应该可以想得出一点的,发现其实面试官会对不是经管专业的同学放松一点 的,所以不要紧张,看到一点积累一点。 2.关于那个开方的计算,其实面试官想看一下你对数字的感觉,像我这样没什么感觉的人 只好老老实实算算看的。还有听说过要求现场计算 2 的 3 次根的,所以要勤动笔。 3.有 framework 的,先把框架讲出来,再展开讲,这样可以让面试官觉得比较有条理,在讲 各块内容的时候要先讲主要的,比如这个例子中,也许先讲开拓低端市场会比较好,因为 客户在高端市场的份额已经很高了,很难再有大的发展,要实现那么高的增长率,只有开 拓新的市场了。这样的好处是可以让面试官觉得你解决问题能够抓住重点,效率比较高, 也可以避免万一时间不够了,关键的问题想到了却还没有说到。 看来做咨询真是不容易啊,写个面经都那么累。Sprawl 一下,继续~ Case 4 Whether to establish a new plant 客户是一个药厂,生产盘尼西林的一种原料。 Q1 客户考虑新建一个厂,来生产这种产品,你觉得要如何决定是否新建? -(在回答算 NVP 之前,我说了很多消费者呀,竞争对手呀,市场呀,很傻的话就不在这里 说了)算 NVP,就是投入产出都列出来,然后贴现。 Q2(面试官告诉我首次投入多少钱,每年设备折旧多少,几年报废,注意,提完折旧还可 以用几年,还告诉我生产一千克产品所需要的所有原材料、人工、公共事业的数量和单价 ,还有这种产品的售价。 )你怎么算 NVP? -先算每年的利润, 好像是前十年每年 3 万, 后五年每年 6 万, 因为最后五年没有设备折旧, 其初投入是 30 万,现在银行利率是 2%-3%吧,贴现一下。 (数字记不清了,好像是这样的)

-那要建吗? -贴现出来减一下看 NVP 是正的就建,负的就不建。 -你觉得呢? -(再次申明:我真的不是计算器!! !)大概可以建吧。 -为什么? -感觉吧,60 是 30 的两倍。。 。 总结: 1.又是一个计算的例子,我算了很久,后来 plapla 姐姐告诉我,这就是他们现在在做的事 情。 Case 5 Mortgage 我们的客户是一个新上任银行的 CEO,他想要求我们帮他分析一下目前个人抵押房贷的情况 ,并为该银行的房贷部门增加盈利。 (这是我那个下午做的第五个了,因为很累,所以有 些记不得了,只能记得多少说多少了) Q1 那些因素和抵押房贷市场有关? -买房有两个原因,居住需求和投资需求,居住需求与人口结构(比如 20-30 之间婚龄人口 比例比较大的话,居住需求比较大) ,政府政策(比如政府的住房公积金等政策会影响人 们的买房需求) ,历史问题(如上海,一直以来合理的住房需求被压抑) ,收入水平(或 者 GDP)等因素有关。投资需求还和利率一起其他一些投资方式的回报率有关,如证券市场 (国债和股票) 。此外,收入水平和房价之间的 gap 越大,抵押房贷市场需求越大。 只是记得在这个过程中,我的 interviewer 画了一个图给我,问我一个问题,回答以后,再 画一个图给我,再问再回答,这样来来去去大概问了 5-6 个问题。在分析市场竞争的时候不 仅要看各个业务占该银行的百分比,还要看该银行的某个业务占这项业务市场的百分比等 等。 Q2 CEO 认为该银行的房贷余额不够多,怎么做可以增加房贷余额? -增加房贷余额有两个方法:1.增加客户的数量,即吸引更多的新的客户。 2.增加每 个客户的余额。 Q3 房贷余额的减少有几种情况:1.客户到期还清贷款 2.提前还款 3.Refinance,你该怎么 样防止这些情况? -对于客户到期还清贷款的情况,银行可以增加对那些贷款期限比较长的客户的放贷,这个 客户群的特点是可以在很长一段时间里面在其房贷账户里面保持一个较高的余额,从而达 到增加余额的要求。对于提前还款的客户可以进行一定罚款,防止他们提前还款。 -他们提前还款说明什么? -说明他们有很多资金来源。 -那我们该怎么办? -我们可以努力说服他们把钱存入我们银行或者购买我们的金融产品。

-当利率下降比较大的时候,refinance 的人会比较多,那些 refinance 的人有什么特点? -他们对利率很敏感,是聪明人。 -根据他们的特点,你该怎么办? -为他们提供新的更优惠的利率和借款条件 -什么时候告诉他们? -在他们来找我们要求 refinance 的时候才告诉他们。 总结: 1.如果不知道什么是 refinance,面试官会很 nice 地解释给你听的,所以不用为专业词汇担 心。 2.有些所谓的结构其实是很简单的,比如总量=单价*数量,只是在面试的时候比较容易忘 记而已。 3.我在回答第一个问题的时候没有分清楚住房需求和投资需求,没有说到利息,是面试官 提醒我的,)但是没有关系的,面试的过程中经常会被面试官补充的,不要想“啊呀, : 这个我没有想到,完了完了……”其实真的没有关系的,case interview 本来就可以当成 一个学习长见识的过程嘛。 Case 6 Parking lot` s puzzle 我们的客户是伦敦的一个经营停车场的公司,我的任务是帮助他们寻找增加销售额的方法 。我发现我的记忆有问题,越是近的反而越是记不住,只能随便说说了。 1.计算了一个客户对价格的敏感度,就是把价格提高 a%,客户会流失 b%,然后计算一下提 高价格是否可行? 2.增加销售额的方法 对于地段比较好的车库:1.看使用率怎么样,能否增加使用率 2. 看每辆车平均停留的时 候,能不能让他们停久一点。 对于地段不好的车库:1.出借,例如给超市作仓库之类的 2.建一些洗车房、便利店等来增 加收入 (面试官提醒我,可以卖长期的停车票,来吸引客户) 3.当考虑卖掉一个车库的时候应该如何估价? 第一种,未来现金流折现看值多少钱。第二种,过去投入多少产出多少效益,差就是那个 价格(好像有些问题的)第三种,在市场上找一个各方面条件差不多的车库,看人家卖多 少钱,就是找一个市场参照。 4.你走在路上的时候遇到该公司的 CEO,他向你了解一下项目的进程。 我们做了什么事情,有什么结论,下一步准备做什么事情 总结: 1.当被问到解决方法的时候,面试官希望得到一些 creative 的答案,所以尽量多少一些别 人想不到的东西,会给面试官留下比较深刻的印象。 BAIN 每年会招聘两批实习生,寒假和暑假各一批,为期 6 个月,在临近结束的时候,会从 实 习生中选出一些进行面试,以决定是否录取为正式 Associate Consultant。

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...ASB-1104 Introduction to Marketing Assignment 1 In view of the dynamic nature of the marketing environment, to what extent do you consider consumers to be, in practice, central to marketing activities? Name: ZHUOMING AN Student No: 500356688 Tutor: David James Introduction What is marketing? The answer is not changeless. There are some different definitions about marketing. The Chartered Institute of Marketing define that "Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying consumers' requirements profitably." (CIM). Taking a concern into this definition, it indicates that marketing begins before a product or service is developed. In additional, it also explain that marketing involves identifying an unsatisfied consumer need or want and determining if a profitable opportunity exists. Another definition is that “A social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others." (Kotler et al., 2005). The basic idea of this definition is that core to all marketing activities is customer satisfaction, which means marketing is an ongoing process as consumer demands and the environment is constantly changing. Products need to adapt as demands change. At the same time, marketing does not involve misleading, tricking or manipulation the customer. The Jobber also define the marketing is "The achievement of corporate goals through meeting...

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...*/introduction Critically evaluates the marketing planning process Discusses impediments to effective implementation of marketing plan Introduction The leading exponents of the marketing planning have been warned of the communications factors, operational, cultural and managerial in which frequently impede the effective implementation of the marketing planning programmers in the past two decades. (Cravens, 1998; Doyle, 1998; Greenley, 1982; Leeflang and de Mortanges, 1996; McDonald, 1992a, b; 1995; Piercy and Morgan, 1994; Jain, 1993; Simkin, 1996a, b; Verhage and Waarts, 1988). There have some specific guidance are offered in the recent years to assist marketing managers overcoming those internal organisational and in pre-empting forces (cf. Cravens, 1998; Dibb et al., 1996; Lings, 1999; Piercy, 1997; 1998; Simkin, 2000). Yet, the recent research has shows barriers to the implementation of programmes and marketing strategies. (Dibb and Simkin, 2001; Simkin, 2000). Another key barrier is indicating impeding the deployment of effective marketing practices used to be the lack in most marketing function or either in organisations. (cf. McDonald, 1992a, b; Piercy and Morgan, 1994). The research are shows this is a no longer to the case with the bulkiness businesses professing to have a marketing department undertaking not only promotion and customer research,but are relate to the Kotleresque textbook approach to marketing management (Dibb and Simkin, 1997; Piercy...

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...A high-level data model in business or for any functional area is an abstract model that documents and organizes the business data for communication between functional and technical people. It is used to show the data needed and created by business processes. A data model in software engineering is an abstract model that documents and organizes the business data for communication between team members and is used as a plan for developing applications, specifically how data are stored and accessed. An entity-relationship model (ERM) is an abstract conceptual data model (or semantic data model) used in software engineering to represent structured data. There are several notations used for ERMs. Methodology: 1. Use E-R model to get a high-level graphical view of essential components of enterprise and how they are related 2. Then convert E-R diagram to SQL DDL, or whatever database model you are using E-R Model is not SQL based. It's not limited to any particular DBMS. It is a conceptual and semantic model – captures meanings rather than an actual implementation The E-R Model: The enterprise is viewed as set of * Entities * Relationships among entities Symbols used in E-R Diagram * Entity – rectangle * Attribute – oval * Relationship – diamond * Link - line Ellipsis (plural ellipses; from the Ancient Greek: ἔλλειψις, élleipsis, "omission" or "falling short") is a series of dots that usually indicate an intentional omission of a word, sentence...

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...Omar Rochell Marketing MKT/421 April 7, 2011 Nikki Jackson Introduction Marketing is exposed to someone every day, even when they do not seem realize it. Driving down the roads you see billboards everywhere and that is part of marketing. Logos people were on their shirts and signs in the middle or on the sign of football fields are all part of marketing. Even when a child is marketing themselves to their parents to borrow the car or go to a party they are marketing themselves to their parents in exchange for the car or the party. A set of activities that will benefit both parties’ objectives is my own personal definition of marketing. This paper will be defining marketing in different perspectives. Discussing the importance of marketing in a organizational success will also be discussed with examples included from different organizations. As an organization it is important to know what marketing is and how to establish success. What is Marketing “Marketing is defined as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that will have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.”(American Marketing Association, 2011) Marketing is a process that helps links the consumer, customer, and public to information that will help identify and market opportunities. Marketing research will generate, and evaluate different types of market actions, monitor marketing performance, and help improve...

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...customer-focused and heavily committed to marketing. These companies share a passion for understanding and satisfying customer needs in well-defined target markets. They motivate everyone in the organization to help build lasting customer relationships based on creating value. Marketing is just as important for non-profit-making organizations as it is for profit-making ones. It is very important to realize that at the heart of marketing is the customer. It is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying consumer requirements profitability. Background The term ‘‘marketing’’ is derived from the word ‘‘market’’, which refers to a group of sellers and buyers that cooperate to exchange goods and services. The modern concept of marketing evolved during and after the revolution in the 19th and 20th centuries. During that period, the proliferation of goods and services, increased worker specialization and technological advances in transportation, refrigeration and other factors that facilitate the transfer of goods over long distances resulted in the need for more advance market mechanisms and selling techniques. But it was not until the 1930s that companies began to place a greater emphasis on advertising and promoting their products and began striving to tailor their goods to specific consumer needs. By the 1950s, many larger companies were sporting entire marketing departments charged with devising and implementing marketing strategies that would complement...

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...Marketing MKT 421 Marketing According to “American Marketing Association” (2013), “Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customer, clients, partners, and society at large.” The American Marketing Society has grown to be the largest marketing associations in the world. The members work, teach, and study in the field of marketing across the globe. Another definition of marketing is according to “About.com Investors” (2013), “Marketing is an activity. Marketing activities and strategies result in making products available that satisfy customers while making profits for the companies that offer those products.” Organizations success lies in marketing and it is the heart of the success. The marketing introduces a product or service to potential customers. An organization can offer the best service or product in the industry but the potential customers would not know about it without marketing. Sales could crash and organizations may close without marketing. For a business to succeed the product or service that is provided needs to be known to the potential buyers. Getting the word out is important part of marketing in any organizational success. Product or service awareness is created by marketing strategies. If marketing is not used the potential customers will never be aware of the organizational offerings and the organization will not have the opportunity to succeed...

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