Prevention steps before facing flood at kelantan

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Even though Malaysia is a country that considered as safe but they also cannot avoid the Mother Nature disaster such as the common case happen at Malaysia is flood disaster. We can clearly observe this case on the end of the last years in Malaysia where east coast of Malaysia state such as Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang be badly damaged by flood.
Based on Ikhwan (2000), in general flood is where the amount of water that does not need. From terminology technical, flood happen when collection of incredible rain water cannot afford by river and causing it overflow through the banks or floodplain. The water will moved to the shallow land and overflow to surrounding of the environment. Flood become more dangerous when it involved human society, especially when happened at placed that concentrated with population of human that potential loss of life, infection and dangerous diseases, and destruction of property.
Although floods are a natural phenomenon, it is also happened sometimes influenced by other factors, especially human action that changes the structure and surface and sub-surface soil causing rainfall to runoff balance disturbed. In urban areas for instance, many people alter the land surface from impervious areas to areas with impervious construction roads, buildings, parking zones and so on. In addition, the floods also may caused by other factors such as the collapse of the damn structure, storms, tsunami, tectonic tremor and volcanic eruptions (Ikhwan 2000).
In Malaysia, floods always happened because of the combination of nature phenomenon and also human action.

2.0 PREVENTION STEPS BEFORE FACING FLOOD AT KELANTAN

As we know that, floods are a natural phenomenon but yet with the addition cause by the human activities. These problems can be prevented to be happened if we planned the correct way to overcome or reduce some cases of the floods. Referring to the quote, prevent is good compared to cure. It became more burdens and costing if the floods happened because the effects of the floods are massive to the entire environment not just human race but also effected to flora and fauna and also to buildings.

The government commitment in the face of the phenomenon of flooding, particularly related measures mitigation of floods can be avoided through the provision of an increasingly increase every year. For example, the government of the Second Malaysia Plan has allocated RM 16.5 million but increased to RM 1 billion in Seventh Malaysia Plan. Overall beginning of 1971 to 1995, the government had allocated RM 930 million for the insulation program flooding particularly through engineering measures.

A good prevention steps to facing floods are not happened when the signed of floods already happened. We need to take a long way turn in which a long term run to prevent before facing the floods. These can made people become more ready and realise what should they do if floods arrived at their home.

3.1 Individual

According to Oxford Dictionaries (2015), individual is defining as single human being or referring to particular people as distinguished from the group. It also refers to as an indivisible entity that is consist of only them. This means that the action takes by singular people to walk for example. Action and time of action are decided by the individual itself no dependable to other entity.

According to Collin Dictionaries (2015), individual is defining as characteristic of a single person or thing. It also can be define as separate and distinct especially from others of its kind in which each individual having different though and they cannot be assume as similar with others people. Some of the characteristic is unusual and striking qualities that made individual is different with one another. For example, their management schedule of the day. Even though it can be affected by some other factors, but the management time are based on themselves.

3.2 government based on structure

According to Oxford Dictionaries (2015), government is defines as the group of people with the authority to govern a country or state in which particularly ministry in office. It also stated that as a system by which a state or community is governed in which the action or manner of controlling or regulating a state, organization, or people. In Malaysia for example, a diplomatic government are developed to organized and control the state and country.

According to Oxford Dictionaries (2015), structure is defined as the arrangement and relations between the parts or elements of something complex. The others meaning is a building or other object constructed from several parts or construct with arrange according to a plan to give a pattern or organization. These means that, structure is an element of combination to form something that useful and effectively worked. For example, house is being developed by arrangement of many piles and cement for human to take covered from the external environment.

3.3 government based on non-structure

According to Oxford Dictionaries (2015), government is defines as the group of people with the authority to govern a country or state in which particularly ministry in office. It also stated that as a system by which a state or community is governed in which the action or manner of controlling or regulating a state, organization, or people. In Malaysia for example, a diplomatic government are developed to organized and control the state and country.

According to Collin Dictionaries (2015), non-structure is defined as the absence of the elements of structure. They do not have physical elements such as structure and they are not in the arrangement. For example, water stated as non-structure where they do not have exact stated and random arrangement.

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY

The main instrument in this researcher is uses of interview method. Interview is the process of collection data based on the face to face with the respondents based on series of questions about the study. By doing these method, respondent will be more freely to give their own opinion about the matter that being ask. By doing these interview, it will helps the researcher to get more detail information about the study that being conduct. Friendly frame interview made the respondents become more comfortable and privacy for them to tell the true stories of the study.
As the interviews progress, researcher will record and write all the word from the respondent. They will not adding more additional information that not being say by the respondents. These is made to sure that the information are accurate and no bias in interview. In addition, if the respondent does not clear about the questions, the respondents can directly asking the interviewer about the questions so that the clear answers can be drawn from the respondents. The researcher also can ask the minor questions based on their major questions for the confirmation answers or explanation.
The data collection for interview method is based on taking note by hand, via audio recorder or video recorder. These can be made as a reference if the researcher forgets the information that being spoken by the respondents. This is very important for the researcher to follow the stage of the interview process so that the high quality of interview can be achieved. Below is the stage of the interview process:

STAGE OF INTERVIEW PROCESS

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN In this study the researcher using qualitative research interview method. As the interview consists of three type which is structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. The researcher use unstructured interview method. Unstructured interview is a method of interview that opened to the respondents to give opinion on the questions that being ask by the researchers. By doing these method, respondent will be more freely to give their own opinion about the questions that they received. We are using this method because the study is based on their steps of government and individual in facing the flood disaster. They are willing to give their own opinion based on their individual preparation in facing the flood. By using this qualitative approach, the researcher has to put their trust on their respondent about their belief. This is norm in the conducting these type of researcher because from that we can know the clear pictures about people that involve in these flood disaster. Furthermore, they are people that agree to participate on this study interview, so we have to put trust on them about their view and experience regarding the issues. To implement this approach, we need to identify the number of respondents we need in the study tailors with this study objective. After that we need to conduct personal interview in order to get their information, if the information do not fulfil the objective of the study or the researcher do not satisfy with the current information additional information need to collected by adding the numbers of the respondent. The other important elements but do not see by general people are ethical issues in the data collection. The interviews need to understand the reason of the interview being conducted. They also need to understand how the researcher wants to use the information that they give. As the information of the interview will be reported, the ethics issues will be solved if the respondent is agree to give their information for the researcher.

3.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS a. How does individual can influence their prevention steps before facing flood in Kelantan? b. How does government based on structure can influence their prevention steps before facing flood in Kelantan? c. How does government based on non-structure can influence their prevention steps before facing flood in Kelantan? 3.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE a. To identify how individual can influence their prevention steps before facing flood in Kelantan? b. To investigate how government based on structure can influence their prevention steps before facing flood in Kelantan? c. To examine how government based on non-structure can influence their prevention steps before facing flood in Kelantan? 3.5 SAMPLES OF STUDY The sample of this study is from the local and people who live in Kelantan. In determination of respondents the researcher is using a simple random method. The researcher will go to few locations that being affected by flood from the previous disaster to gather the information based on their willing to give information. By using this method, the researcher have determines 4 respondents. They will share their view and experience based on the study. The interview is conduct individually with all the respondents. This will ensure the information that they shared to the researcher are private.

3.6 DATA COLLECTION METHOD In this research, before the interview started the researcher will get approval first from the respondents in which all their information shared by them will be recorded and be publish in the study. If the respondent agrees the researcher will proceed to the interview process. The process of collecting data will either be written, audio recording or video recording. The recording will then is analysed and transcribe by the researcher for their further reference.

4.0 LIMITATION In this study, the limitation can be found based on Kelantan state only. It also may generate bias from the respondent because the interview only is doing in one time. Other than that, many of the respondents are not familiar with flood disaster so they may give inaccurate information toward the study.