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Markets & the Economy

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Markets and the Economy
The economy is determined by the dynamics of the labor market. Since economics is the study of choices, macroeconomics is the study of the overall economic environment. Through understanding how the market affects the economy, this paper will research: how an increased federal budget deficit can stabilize an economy; how adjustments in wages and prices move the economy from short to long-run equilibrium; how marketable pollution permits lead to less costly abatement; and, how the GDP should include additional factors to achieve a better measurement for well-being.
When the federal government spends more than it receives, a budget deficit occurs. On the contrary, a surplus will occur when income surpasses spending. Both deficit and surpluses can help to stabilize an economy. An increased federal budget deficit resulting from a recession can actually help stabilize an economy.
This can be done through increased unemployment payments, decreased unemployment taxes, corporate taxes and personal income taxes. Each of these channels provides countercyclical policy automatic stabilizers. They promote a budget deficit during recession.
People are laid off during a recession causing the unemployment payments to increase. Since people are not working, business unemployment compensation taxes are decreased. The result is higher governmental spending and lower tax receipts. On the same token, the corporate tax receipts on profits are cyclical to the recession. The amount paid by businesses decrease during a deficit. Finally, income taxes fall during a recession due to the move from a higher tax bracket to a lower one. This reduces tax receipts and moves toward a deficit. Each of these stabilizers allows the economy to balance without need of fiscal policy.
On the other hand, fiscal policy is required to aid the economic condition.

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