...acceptable to cause animal suffering to prevent human suffering? Her answer, however, remains somewhat unclear. Although Goodall challenges scientists to avoid conducting unnecessary tests on animals, she does not explain the criteria by which scientists should determine necessity. Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms. When Goodall asserts that scientists shouldn’t mindlessly Lopez 1 Opening summarizes the article’s purpose and notes the author’s credentials. Lopez’s summary helps readers understand her analysis and gives her credibility. Thesis expresses Lopez’s own judgment of Goodall’s article. Lopez summarizes Goodall’s main points. ...
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...willing to send him there and was instead prescribed with medicine for the diarrhea. The prescription was placed in the pharmacy for the professor to pick up. Unsatisfied, the professor called up Candy, the director of the Employee Benefits Office, but Wendy picked up and relayed everything to Candy who then expressed her surprise and distress over the situation. She too did not understand that the request for a referral was denied as the professor asked for it. The professor picked up the medicine from the pharmacy, drove home, took a pill, and went to bed. The following day the diarrhea was under control but the gastric discomfort was still a problem. He decided to go to work but in the afternoon he gave up and went home. He called Dr. Martin’s office and once again Betty answered the phone. She informed him that the doctor is out all afternoon and still claimed that the doctor refuses to refer him to HealthCheck. Betty believed that Dr. Martin would want the professor to go to the emergency room. Beyond irritated, the professor decided to go to HealthCheck himself without a referral to figure out what was wrong with him. Almost immediately after explaining to the reception all that has happened and how he felt, he was...
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... |Mailbox: W/06/37 | |SEMESTER: Fall 2015 |OFFICE HRS: TTh 1-2p, MW 12-1p | | |and by appointment | Course Description: This course is designed to provide an introductory survey of the study of communication. The course begins with a general history of human communication and goes on to examine such areas as definitions, models, and basic concepts in communication; the range of verbal and non-verbal codes, and their complex inter-relations in modern message systems; and various communication contexts, with emphasis on the structure and function of intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, and organizational communication. Required Text: O’Hair, D., & Wiemann, M. (2012). Real Communication: An Introduction (2nd or 3rd Ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. 2nd Edition: ISBN-13: 9780312644208 3rd Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0312248482 Grading and Evaluation Percentages: Exam 1: 25% Exam 2: 25% Course participation: 25% Online assignments: 25% Grade Distribution* 95% to 100+% A 90% to 94% [pic]A- 87% to 89% B+ 84% to 86%...
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...(c) Bedford/St. Martin's bedfordstmartins.com 1-457-62096-0 / 978-1-457-62096-6 SOUNDS AND IMAGES Movies and the Impact of Images 187 Early Technology and the Evolution of Movies 192 The Rise of the Hollywood Studio System 195 The Studio System’s Golden Age 205 The Transformation of the Studio System 209 The Economics of the Movie Business 215 Popular Movies and Democracy In every generation, a film is made that changes the movie industry. In 1941, that film was Orson Welles’s Citizen Kane. Welles produced, directed, wrote, and starred in the movie at age twenty-five, playing a newspaper magnate from a young man to old age. While the movie was not a commercial success initially (powerful newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst, whose life was the inspiration for the movie, tried to suppress it), it was critically praised for its acting, story, and directing. Citizen Kane’s dramatic camera angles, striking film noir–style lighting, nonlinear storytelling, montages, and long deep-focus shots were considered technically innovative for the era. Over time, Citizen Kane became revered as a masterpiece, and in 1997 the American Film Institute named it the Greatest American Movie of All Time. “Citizen Kane is more than a great movie; it is a gathering of all the lessons of the emerging era of sound,” film critic Roger Ebert wrote.1 CHAPTER 6 ○ MOVIES 185 (c) Bedford/St. Martin's bedfordstmartins.com 1-457-62096-0 / 978-1-457-62096-6 MOVIES A generation later...
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...Marijuana in America COM 220 Marijuana is a drug that has played a significant role in American history and culture. The drug has been used in several forms, from practical uses to recreational uses. Marijuana also once defined a generation of American people. As of today, marijuana is illegal for recreational use, with some states allowing the drug to be used for medicinal purposes only. The debate has begun in federal and state governments for decriminalizing the recreational use of marijuana, which has brought about questioning the effects that the drug has on people. Is marijuana a gateway drug that leads people to use harder, more dangerous drugs or is this theory a scare tactic to persuade people to keep from using the plant? Marijuana began its history in the United States as a plant that was grown to produce rope, clothing and sails for boats as early as the 17th century. The plant, known as hemp, was first brought to America by the Puritans, a group of people from England that immigrated to the United States to escape religious prosecution. As the people began to create communities, leaders encouraged farmers to grow hemp. In 1619, the Virginia Assembly approved legislation that “required every farmer to grow the hemp seed because the plant’s large role in producing material” (Booth, 2003, p. 173). The plant was also used as legal tender in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia to pay property taxes. By the 18th century, marijuana...
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...CHAPTER 2 Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyamory Defining and Identifying Multi-bonding Non-monogamous relationships can take any number of forms, including, but not limited to, serial pair-bonding (known most frequently as serial monogamy), polygamy, polyandry, communal living, and “open” pair-bondings, where sexual or sexual-emotional relationships outside of the primary one are tolerated to a greater or lesser degree (cf. Robinson, 1997). Polygyny has been defined as “the marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time” (Moorehead, 1991: 311), or the “practice of plural marriage” (Altman and Ginat, 1996: 3). The term polygamy has also been used synonymously with polygyny, although it could also be used to encompass polyandry (Welch and Glick, 1981). Polyandry refers to the marriage of one woman to two or more husbands, while polygynandry contemplates a situation in which two or more women are simultaneously married to two or more men (Al-Krenawi, Graham, and Slonim-Nevo, 2002). Polygynandry has also been used to refer to group marriage (Anon., 2004). The term informal polygamy has been used to describe relationships characterized by the simultaneous existence of a legal marriage of one man to one woman and an affair with a second woman that has become a stable feature of the family structure (Rivett and Street, 1993). In contrast, polyamory refers to “group marriage” or the existence of one or more sexual 27 28 • Multi-Bonding: Polygamy...
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...CHAPTER 2 Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyamory Defining and Identifying Multi-bonding Non-monogamous relationships can take any number of forms, including, but not limited to, serial pair-bonding (known most frequently as serial monogamy), polygamy, polyandry, communal living, and “open” pair-bondings, where sexual or sexual-emotional relationships outside of the primary one are tolerated to a greater or lesser degree (cf. Robinson, 1997). Polygyny has been defined as “the marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time” (Moorehead, 1991: 311), or the “practice of plural marriage” (Altman and Ginat, 1996: 3). The term polygamy has also been used synonymously with polygyny, although it could also be used to encompass polyandry (Welch and Glick, 1981). Polyandry refers to the marriage of one woman to two or more husbands, while polygynandry contemplates a situation in which two or more women are simultaneously married to two or more men (Al-Krenawi, Graham, and Slonim-Nevo, 2002). Polygynandry has also been used to refer to group marriage (Anon., 2004). The term informal polygamy has been used to describe relationships characterized by the simultaneous existence of a legal marriage of one man to one woman and an affair with a second woman that has become a stable feature of the family structure (Rivett and Street, 1993). In contrast, polyamory refers to “group marriage” or the existence of one or more sexual 27 28 • Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny,...
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...Practice Test #1 Critical Reasoning (53 Questions) 73. (25075-!-item-!-188;#058&001412) Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate? A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes, which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale. The entire flute must surely have had more holes, and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played. Therefore, the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? A. The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second is the main conclusion stated in the argument. B. The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed. C. The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument as a whole is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument. D. The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed. E. The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives...
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...Early in her career, Orem gained experienced as a staff nurse in a variety of hospitalclinical settings. While serving as director of nursing service at a Detroit hospital, she recallsthat she was asked a substantive question and didn’t have an answer because she “had noconceptualization of nursing” (McLaughlin-Renpenning & Taylor, 2002, p. xii).Orem goes on to say while working at Indiana University where her goal was to upgradethe quality of nursing in general hospitals throughout the state, she noted that nurses haddifficulty articulating needs to hospital administrators in the face of demands made upon themregarding such issues as length of stay, scheduling admissions and discharges, etc.(McLaughlin-Renpenning and Taylor, 2002). As a result, Orem recognized a need to look for the uniqueness of nursing. Specifically she was looking for an answer to questions such as“What is nursing?”, ‘What is the domain and what are the boundaries of nursing as a field of practice and a field of knowledge?”, and “What condition exists when judgments are made that people need nursing?” In a 1996 newsletter to the International Orem Society she puts it thisway, “What do nurses encounter in their worlds as they design and produce nursing for others?What meaning can and should nurses attach to persons, things, events, conditions, andcircumstances they encounter?” In 1978, Orem (cited in Fawcett 2005) commented that the task required identification of the domain and boundaries of nursing as...
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...Developing Country Studies ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol 2, No.9, 2012 www.iiste.org Impact of Health and Safety Management on Employee Safety at the Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority Ruby Melody Agbola ⃰ Department of Management, Central University College. P.O. Box 2305, Tema, Ghana * E-mail of the corresponding author: rubyagbola@yahoo.co.uk Abstract The Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GPHA) has been plagued with series of fatal accidents and catastrophes claiming the lives of many employees in recent years. The purpose of this study is to examine the Safety and Health Management Systems (SHMS) implemented by the GPHA, assess the effectiveness of these measures in reducing accidents and death; and evaluate the impact of accidents and work-related illnesses on the employee safety at work. The results reveal an organisation fraught with poor health and safety management practices, poor training in safety know-how, lack of information on dangerous chemicals and hazardous materials, lack of monitoring and enforcement of safety rules, unavailability of essential safety equipments, with adverse effects on employees and the organisational performance. GPHA must increase education and create awareness of the importance of health and safety, ensure collection and storage of data for effective monitoring and evaluation of safety performance. Keywords: Ghana, Ports, Harbour, Safety, Health 1. Introduction The health and safety (H&S) of employees is a very significant...
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...Journal of Transcultural Nursing http://tcn.sagepub.com/ Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care : 2011 Update Marilyn K. Douglas, Joan Uhl Pierce, Marlene Rosenkoetter, Dula Pacquiao, Lynn Clark Callister, Marianne Hattar-Pollara, Jana Lauderdale, Jeri Milstead, Deena Nardi and Larry Purnell J Transcult Nurs 2011 22: 317 DOI: 10.1177/1043659611412965 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/22/4/317 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Transcultural Nursing Society Additional services and information for Journal of Transcultural Nursing can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tcn.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tcn.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/22/4/317.refs.html >> Version of Record - Sep 26, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from tcn.sagepub.com by Marty Douglas on September 27, 2011 412965 ouglas et al.Journal of Transcultural Nursing TCN22410.1177/1043659611412965D Commentary Journal of ranscultural Nursing T 22(4) 317–333 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1043659611412965 http://tcn.sagepub.com Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care: 2011 Update Marilyn K. Douglas, DNSc, RN, FAAN1, Joan...
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...03-Banks.qxd 1/30/04 4:52 PM Page 57 3 Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System ETHICAL BACKGROUND It is generally agreed that discrimination based on ethnic origin is morally wrong and a violation of the principle of equality. The equality principle requires that those who are equal be treated equally based on similarities, and that race is not a relevant consideration in that assessment (May and Sharratt 1994: 317). In other words, it is only possible to justify treating people differently if there exists some factual difference between them that justifies such difference in treatment (Rachels 1999: 94). Equality is a nonspecific term that means nothing until applied to a particular context. Thus, in a political context, equality means equal access to public office and equal treatment under the law, and equal treatment extends to equality in terms of job hiring, promotion, and pay. Race refers to groups of persons who are relatively alike in their biological inheritance and are distinct from other groups (American Anthropological Association 1997: 2). Ethnicity is a cultural phenomenon referring to a person’s identification with a particular cultural group (Hinman 1998: 403). Race is socially constructed, and the notion that persons “belong” to a particular race was developed in the last century based on the belief that there was a biological basis for categorizing groups of people. Biologically, however, the term race has no meaning, yet society...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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...Introduction The ABC school system is the largest school system in the United States. It serves over one million students in the five boroughs of New York City. It has over 1,700 schools including elementary, middle, junior, and high schools as well as specialized schools for special needs students. It is headed by a city mayor who oversees the system as well as a chancellor. There have been many changes in educational philosophies over the years, including sweeping changes in the curriculum. Many of these changes have originated from the federal No Child Left Behind Legislation (NCLB) legislation to reform educational practices. The main tenet of the change sought to raise reading and math scores on standardized tests. They also included reforms on how teachers are evaluated and how low performing teachers need to be removed. This change has led many principals to struggle with the issues of how to contend with red tape that makes it very difficult if not impossible to remove teachers. In addition they must also fight unions who are struggling to keep their teachers from being dismissed arbitrarily. The issue has become whether or not principals may be using coercive management techniques to persuade teachers to leave. Many principals appear to be engaging in bullying tactics, resulting in a negative work environment that is unconducive to efficiency and impedes the quality of education provided by already overwhelmed instructors. When we examine articles about...
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...1 Occupational Health and Safety Issues of Police Officers in Canada, the United States and Europe: A Review Essay © Jennifer R. L. Parsons June, 2004 2 Introduction Police officers play a pivotal role in North American and European societies. They are involved in many aspects of North American and European life. Officers’ involvement ranges from general, daily, proactive patrol activities to specific criminal activities such as narcotic investigations. Because there is such a wide range of activities involved in police work, there are many health and safety issues surrounding policing as an occupation. Police officers may be exposed to different health and safety risks in their occupation. For example, police officers are at risk of assault and homicide; the dynamics of policing as an occupation creates opportunities for them to experience many psychosocial hazards such as stress, suicide, sexual harassment, and discrimination. It is important that research be completed on the health and safety issues of police officers in order to identify hazards and identify ways to reduce risk. The failure to identify and solve health and safety concerns of officers has potentially serious consequences for the health and well being of officers and their families. These consequences can include depression, divorce, suicide, and disease. Not addressing the health and safety issues associated with policing may also impact the general public. For example, if an officer is...
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